Take the shopping cart as an example. Sylvan Goldman was a grocery store owner. Like most businessmen, he wished that his customers would buy more so that he could make more money. He knew what if they could carry more goods easily as they were shopping, when his sales would go up. While thinking about the problem one night, he had an idea. Working with a local handyman named Fred Young, he designed the first shopping cart. Today, retailers who use shopping carts sell more goods and make more profits.
Nature has also inspired inventors throughout history. This is what happened to George de Mestral one day. While hunting with his dog in the Swiss Alps, he noticed how the burs (刺球) of certain plants stuck to his clothing and to his dog’s fur. After examining them under a microscope, he found they had tiny hooks that could easily stick to the fibers of clothing or animal hide. For the next ten years, George de Mestral searched for the best way to produce his idea. The result of his original inspiration was Velcro, which is used in many modern objects, including sportswear, shoes, automobiles, and even space suits.
These examples show us that there are at least two possible inspirations for human creativity in the world of inventions — profit and nature. No doubt, the future will continue to breathe new life into the economies of the world with fresh ideas and inventions. How many of their creations will be inspired by natural phenomena? The world’s problems require creativity and we can expect best solutions from future generations.
1. Why did sales go up in Sylvan Goldman’s grocery store after he began providing shopping carts?
A.Because grocery stores without shopping carts made less money. |
B.Because he lowered the prices of his goods. |
C.Because customers liked the shopping cart’s creative design. |
D.Because customers were able to carry more items when shopping. |
A.The bur. | B.The shopping cart. | C.Velcro. | D.Spoon. |
A.The future does not promise many useful inventions. |
B.There are many interesting inventions in the world today. |
C.Companies often invent things out of profit. |
D.Nature inspires creativity. |
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【推荐1】◆The Necomimi
This is basically a pair of brain-controlled cat ears that allows users to express emotional states: relaxed, mild interest, strong interest and focus. This is made possible by a built-in machine that reads and translates emotions. It's a kind of technology that can also be useful for athletes to determine the best state for performance. The Necomimi can be bought for $49 through maker Neurosky's website.
◆The ostrich pillow
There are times when you're so tired that nothing is better than taking a short sleep. Whether it's being stuck at the office or on a long bus ride or at the library, the pillow is designed to put the wearer in soft supportive cushioning in any resting position. The strange-looking pillow has a hole in which to put your head, and a mouth hole designed to allow its wearer to breathe easily. It also has two side holes where you can store your hands. It is now being sold online for $99.
◆The Hovding bike helmet
The Hovding allows riders to get around easily. It's actually an airbag system that's worn around the neck, working only when there's a sudden shake or the unlikely event that may get you knocked off your bike. After winning the world's most famous design prize, the creators are developing a new and better model. Now the first-generation helmet is being sold at various sporting shops throughout Europe for about $500.
◆The treadmill desk
The treadmill desk on sale is the perfect solution for our increasing sedentary(久坐不动的) lifestyles. Recently a study found those who spent three hours a day on a treadmill desk became healthier. Still, it shouldn't be treated as a panacea for not getting enough exercise.
Another study suggests that meeting the recommended amount of physical activity requires more exercises than walking. It's also recommended that treadmill speeds should be limited to around 2 miles per hour or less to make sure they can be used safely while working.
1. When a runner wears the Necomimi, it can help_____.A.show how he or she is feeling |
B.protect him or her from injuries |
C.improve his or her running speed |
D.keep him or her in good condition |
A.It can work at users ' request. |
B.It is designed for athletes. |
C.It is being improved now. |
D.It is put on the wearer's shoulders. |
A.a huge success | B.a perfect solution |
C.a small risk | D.a big trouble |
【推荐2】Amazon has recently revealed its new machines, including its first fully autonomous warehouse robot. It’s called Proteus, and it was designed to be able to move around Amazon’s facilities on its own while carrying carts full of packages. The company said the robot uses advanced safety, perception and navigation (导航) technology, allowing it to do its work without delaying human employees.
In a video Amazon posted, Proteus was seen moving under the carts and transporting them to other locations. It sends out a green beam (光束) ahead of it while it moves, and it stops if a human worker steps in front of the beam.
Amazon’s aim is to automate (使自动化) the handling of its package carts so as to reduce the need for human workers to manually move them around its facilities. In fact, the e-commerce giant stressed that its robots were designed to create a safer workplace for people. “Our vision was never tied to a choice between people and technology. Instead, it was about people and technology working safely and harmoniously together to deliver for our customers,” it claimed.
Another new robot called Cardinal was also designed with the idea of reducing the risk of employee injuries in mind. Cardinal is a robotic arm that picks up packages, reads their labels and then places them in the appropriate cart for the next stage of the shipping process. Artificial intelligence and computer vision enable it to sort packages correctly.
Amazon has also revealed that it’s working on an AI technology that can automatically scan packages. With this scanning capability in place, human workers won’t have to pause while sorting packages: The system can quickly recognize a package that passes its camera. Amazon explained that its camera runs at 120 frames per second and is powered by computer vision and machine learning technology.
Having introduced several robots over the years, the e-commerce giant has always emphasized that their purpose is to improve safety at its warehouses. As an Amazon robotics lead put it, “Replacing people with machines is just a fallacy (谬见), and that could end with a company going out of business.”
1. What are Amazon’s warehouse robots used to do?A.Guarantee staff’s safety. |
B.Transport loads of packages. |
C.Navigate for human employees. |
D.Monitor the situation of human work. |
A.To have robots work in harmony with humans. |
B.To develop robots to replace workforce entirely. |
C.To create robots that do extremely dangerous work. |
D.To make a choice between people and technology. |
A.The ways of operating a robot. | B.The theoretical risks of a robot. |
C.The potential applications of AI. | D.The work process of Al cameras. |
A.Amazon is still developing advanced robots. |
B.Amazon’s first autonomous robots are on sale. |
C.Robots are widely used in every aspect of life. |
D.Delivery robots have prevented many injuries. |
【推荐3】When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement or just keep it plugged in all the time. But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the solution to this problem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded (退化) over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion (锂离子) batteries to last forever.
Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a lifespan of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nano wires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nano wires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries.
But, Thai had a theory — the nanowires might last longer if covered with a gel (凝胶). She and her team tested this theory. “It was a long process and a lot of work,” Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The PMMA-coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.
Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she never expected her research to get media coverage. “It’s kind of cool,” she said. “I’m really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself; but also in technology and energy.”
1. Why did Mya Le Thai work on lithium-ion batteries?A.She disliked the batteries for her laptop. |
B.Her team were ordered to invent a new battery. |
C.Many people thought batteries were too expensive. |
D.The batteries would soon fail to get fully charged. |
A.They are too weak to carry electricity. |
B.They are not suitable to use in batteries. |
C.They Iasi exactly 7,000 charging cycles. |
D.Their thinness is a cause of batteries degrading. |
A.Coating nanowires in a gel. | B.A new kind of battery. |
C.New materials for batteries. | D.A new way of charging batteries. |
A.Mya Le Thai discovered nanowires | B.A woman invents a lasting battery |
C.The options of batteries for wireless devices | D.The reasons for batteries degrading |
【推荐1】Born in 1940 in Nyeri, Kenya, Wangari Maathai spent her childhood in the Kenyan countryside and her young adult life in the United States. She studied biology at Mount St. Scholastica College in Kansas, then obtained a master’s degree from the University of Pittsburgh. After returning to Kenya and pursuing her PhD at the University of Nairobi, Wangari became the first woman in East Africa to receive a doctor’s degree.
In the 1970s Wangari was an active member of the National Council of Women of Kenya. Women came to the council in part to search for solutions to the environmental problems—deforestation and desertification had caused many of the resources women relied on for food and clean water to decrease.
Fuelled by her knowledge of biology and her passion for helping others, Wangari decided to take action. Wangari had two goals in mind: to help restore environmental resources and give women the ability to support their families in a self-sufficient, sustainable way. To achieve her goals, she came up with a practical but impactful idea: to plant trees. The trees would reduce the effects of deforestation, in addition to providing food and firewood for local families. Wangari’s plan inspired the formation of the Green Belt Movement in 1977, an organisation dedicated to environmental conservation and poverty reduction in Kenya.
As the Green Belt Movement grew, Wangari began to focus on several different but interconnected causes: environmental conservation and human rights. In the late 1980s, she called on her community to oppose the construction of a skyscraper (摩天大楼) in Uhuru Park, Nairobi’s central public space. In 1999 she led a protest against the privatisation of Karura Forest in Nairobi, during which Green Belt Movement members were beaten by private guards. Despite facing ongoing opposition and even danger, Wangari’s belief in her work was never shaken.
Wangari served on the boards of countless environmental organisations, and spoke to members of the United Nations. Due to her tireless work Wangari received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2004.
1. What do we know about Wangari Maathai?A.She had a hard childhood in Kenya. |
B.She acquired an excellent education. |
C.She was the first woman to get a degree. |
D.She came back to Kenya due to her colour. |
A.Wangar’s family’s support. |
B.Wangari’s achievements in biology. |
C.Wangari’s tree-planting idea. |
D.Wangari’s desire to fight world poverty. |
A.Wangari’s efforts to expand her influence. |
B.Wangari’s ways to fight for human rights. |
C.Wangar’s strategies to establish a reputation. |
D.Wangari’s plans to handle growing opposition. |
A.Honest and hard-working. | B.Patient and unselfish. |
C.Considerate and generous. | D.Determined and inspiring. |
【推荐2】Donna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy. Professor Strickland is one of the recipients (接受者) of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gerard Mourou, her PhD teacher at the time. They published this Nobel-winning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state. Together they paved the way toward the most intense laser pulses ever created.
Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won the Nobel Prize in Physics. She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics. Professor Strickland found a pioneering way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools. Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
“How surprising do you think it is that you’re the third woman to win this prize?”
“Well that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the story of Maria that people want to talk about —that why should it take 60 years? There are so many women out there doing fantastic research, so why does it take so long to get recognized?”
Physics still has one of the largest gender(性别) gaps in science. One recent study concluded that at the current rate it would be more than two centuries until there were, equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.
The last woman to win the Nobel Prize in Physics was German-born Maria Goeppert Mayer for her discoveries about the nuclei of atoms. Before that it was Marie Curie, who shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus (间断) will mean the focus in the future will be on the research, rather than the gender of the researcher.
1. Which of the following best explains the underlined word “groundbreaking” in Paragraph 2?A.breathtaking | B.amazing | C.innovative | D.interesting |
A.She created the most intense laser pulses by herself. |
B.She supported equality between man and women. |
C.She discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband. |
D.She invented a way of using lasers as cutting tools. |
A.In 1903. | B.In 1958. | C.In 1963. | D.In 1985. |
A.Women’s achievements in physics areas great as men’. |
B.Women’s achievements in physics are more and more fantastic. |
C.Maria’s discoveries resulted from her longtime research. |
D.Gender inequality still exists in the field of science research. |
【推荐3】A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the north-east of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Sea water is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimetres. Another problem is the rising sea water. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean melt. Every year, high water hits the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOSE project, which was planned to be built under the sea water to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
1. Which is the best way to travel in Venice?A.The waterways. | B.Taxis and cars. |
C.400 bridges. | D.Boats and rain shoes. |
A.Underground water is hugely used. | B.Sea water is everywhere around the city. |
C.Water hits the city in autumn and spring. | D.The temperature has become lower over the years. |
A.Venice is sure to stop getting lower. | B.High water won't hit Venice any more. |
C.Scientists can solve the problem easily. | D.There are some possible ways to help solve the problem. |
A.The history of Venice | B.The MOSE project of Venice |
C.The places of interest of Venice | D.The special parts and problems of Venice |