组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科普知识
题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:801 题号:3149385

The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples.

First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challenges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.”

On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat. “Your inner ear thinks you’re falling. Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying-that’s why some people feel sick. “Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some-astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear, and space sickness disappears.

Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous. For instance, astronauts lose bone mass’ That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule. The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy. NASA is worried about two things: recovery time once astronauts return home, and, more importantly, how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars’

1. What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?
A.Deciding on a proper sleep position.
B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag.
C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.
D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.
2. The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when         .
A.they circle around on their bikes
B.they use microcomputers without a stop
C.they exercise in one place for a long time
D.they watch a movie while pedaling
3. Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because         .
A.their senses stop working
B.they have to stand up straight
C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly
D.their brains receive contradictory messages
4. One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is         .
A.how much exercise they do on the station
B.how they can remain healthy for long in space
C.whether they can recover after returning home
D.whether they are able to go back to the station
【知识点】 科普知识

相似题推荐

阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 适中 (0.65)
【推荐1】For some people, music is no fun at all. About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic.” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调). Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs. Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale.
As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic. Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify(识别) with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic. Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics have to stay away from places where there is music. However, this can result in withdrawal and social loneliness. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic. By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.
Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music. The difference is complex, and it is not connected with defective hearing. Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.
Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music. Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.”
1. Which of the following is true of amusics?
A.Listening to music is far from enjoyable for them.
B.They love places where they are likely to hear music.
C.They can easily tell two different songs apart.
D.Their situation is well understood by musicians.
2. How did scientists learn to identify amusics?
A.By studying different kinds of music.
B.By going to parties regularly.
C.By studying amusic people.
D.By comparing music to color.
3. According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who ______.
A.dislikes listening to speeches
B.can hear anything nonmusical
C.has a hearing problem
D.lacks a complex hearing system
4. In the last paragraph, Margaret expressed her wish that ______.
A.her problem with music had been diagnosed earlier
B.she were seventeen years old rather than seventy
C.her problem could be easily explained
D.she were able to meet other amusics
5. What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A.Amusics’ strange behaviours.
B.Some people’s inability to enjoy music.
C.Musical talent and brain structure.
D.Identification and treatment of amusic
2016-12-12更新 | 72次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约370词) | 适中 (0.65)
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明,在洗澡、散步或上学时听音乐可能会影响人的艺术性或创造性的思维。但是有人认为在无聊的时候听音乐能够让人放松,所以他们无法接受研究结果。

【推荐2】Research has shown that listening to music while showering, taking a walk or travelling to school could affect your ability to think outside the box and come up with artistic or creative things to do. Experts say being bored can lead to daydreaming plus the birth of new ideas.

While there is nothing wrong with listening to music, doing so when taking a shower or going for a walk takes away time that could be spent thinking about yourself and your life—the perfect time to let your creative juices flow. Happiness expert Gretchen Rubin said, “You need this open-searching time in order for new ideas to spring up. This is why people get ideas in the shower or in the middle of the night—it’s a period of time when the brain creates its own fun. It’s when I’m bored that I have big insights because my brain is open and trying to entertain itself.”

A recent study by psychologists showed the same process at work. In the research, two groups of people were expected to come up with proposals. They were then asked to complete the task in two backgrounds. One is in a quiet room while the other is with music playing. Researchers found, compared to participants who completed tasks in a quiet background, participants who listened to music performed less creatively.

So, is it best to throw away the bath-time tunes? Most people said the research was a real mood killer. One said, “Sometimes, I need the music to cover all the thoughts I don’t want to think.” Another commented, “Many people have too much going on in their heads. That’s why they listen to music in the shower, by which they can actually relax.” But other listeners said they liked having quiet time while travelling home at the end of the day.

In any case, striking a good balance and listening to music sometimes but being quiet at other times could be the best balance in our life.

1. What do the experts find according to the first paragraph?
A.Keeping our minds busy brings in new ideas.
B.Listening to music helps to bring inspiration.
C.Taking a walk keeps us from daydreaming.
D.Feeling bored tends to stir up our creativity.
2. How does the psychologists do the research?
A.By observing through daily life.
B.By referring to former reports.
C.By carrying out an experiment.
D.By filling up a questionnaire.
3. How do most people find the result of the research?
A.Unacceptable.B.Misleading.C.Confusing.D.Convincing.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.Does your playlist really appeal to you?
B.Is it time to throw away your playlist?
C.Listening to music keeps us mentally fit
D.Being quiet is always a good habit for us
2023-09-11更新 | 114次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约300词) | 适中 (0.65)
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国和日本的研究人员最近发现了蚊子是如何飞行的。他们说,这些知识有助于找到设计新飞行装置的方法。

【推荐3】The mosquito is a troublesome and sometimes dangerous insect. Their bites itch (发痒) and can carry dangerous diseases, like malaria and yellow fever. However, researchers from Britain and Japan recently discovered how mosquitoes fly. This knowledge, they said, helps find ways to design new flying devices.

Mosquitoes’ wings are small and have an uncommon shape. Because of this, it is hard to believe that they are able to fly. So how does their flight make possible? The team of scientists from Britain and Japan solved the puzzle. They used high-speed cameras and computer images to understand the rules of how the insect moves its wings to stay in the air. Researchers at the University of Oxford took images of mosquitoes’ wing movements. They set up eight high-speed cameras that take l0, 000 images each second.

Simon Walker, a researcher at the University of Oxford, said, “Normally to record an insect you need at least two cameras, perfectly more, so you’ve got enough views of an insect because with two camera views you can then take any point on an insect and calculate(计算) its 3D coordinates.” They find mosquitoes fly by moving their wings in several different directions.

The research team believes the mosquitoes’ wing movements could help inventors design new flying devices. Walker said that existing unmanned flying devices or drones do not work very well outside because wind can affect their flight. “Insects, on the other hand, deal really well with even quite windy conditions. So understanding bow they can do this is going to be advantageous to us in the future.”

These researchers said that, more importantly, humans can benefit a lot from understanding how mosquitoes fly.

1. Why is mosquitoes’ flight considered to be a mystery?
A.They have little and unusual wings.B.They have heavy bodies.
C.They have large and strange wings.D.They’re small in size.
2. How does a mosquito fly?
A.It flies by the night light.B.It rises and falls at times.
C.It moves its wings in different sides.D.It shakes its wings non-stop.
3. Why doesn’t a drone work very well outside?
A.Because it can’t fly everywhere.
B.Because it has no man in it.
C.Because it can’t move in rainy conditions.
D.Because wind can have an effect on their flight.
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.The mystery of a drone and the effect on it.
B.The mystery of the mosquitoes’ flight and the application.
C.The mystery of the high-speed cameras and the images they take.
D.The mystery of the dangerous insect and the diseases they carry.
2023-07-01更新 | 58次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般