The U.S. government is facing an increasing bother. Wild pigs, at their worst, can damage crops, spread diseases, attack humans and kill farm animals. And things are getting worse: a study shows that they are likely to double in number over the next 3 years. Why is it so hard to control wild pigs?
Introduced to America in the 16th century, and related to the wild pigs found in Europe, wild pigs can be found in 75% of all states. No single law exists to control them and regulations differ between states: while in Missouri they can only be shot if met by chance, in Texas hunting is actively encouraged; a “pork chopper” law allows Texan hunters to shoot wild pigs from helicopters, and some people in Louisiana have even built their own pig—hunting drone(无人机). As well as being popular with hunters, wild pigs are cheaper for game raisers to breed(饲养) than deer. In Michigan and Pennsylvania suggested bans on the private breeding of pigs for hunting have caused quarrels between game raisers and wildlife officials.
Wild pigs’ double nature—considered pests by farmers, but valued by hunters—makes it hard to pass laws to control them. Two other factors also contribute. Nearly 70% of land in America is privately owned. And it is difficult for lawmakers to force breeding and hunting laws on private landowners. Secondly, it is hard to define a wild pig.
In some states, laws are being introduced to redefine the term “wild animal” to keep out wild pigs. This is good news for those raising pigs for hunting, but less are to those who consider them pests whose number should be limited. Meanwhile, discussions continue over how to deal with this problem.
1. People are not permitted to hunt wild pigs freely in ________.| A．Texas | B．Michigan |
| C．Missouri | D．Louisiana |
| A．It’s difficult to raise deer. |
| B．Wild pigs are in large numbers. |
| C．Deer are not popular with hunters. |
| D．They can benefit more from wild pigs. |
| A．The difficulty of passing effective laws. |
| B．The high percentage of land owned privately. |
| C．The farmers’ unwillingness to shoot wild pigs. |
| D．The popularity of raising wild pigs in many states. |
| A．Why are wild pigs so hard to control? |
| B．Are wild pigs pests or wild animals? |
| C．Wild pigs—an increasing danger in the US. |
| D．How to deal with the problem of wild pigs? |
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【推荐1】When you walk through a neighborhood, what do you see? In the United States, it will likely be a few trees and bushes among large areas of grassy lawns (草坪). These big green carpets might look pretty. But a plain expanse of grass is an ecological wasteland. It’s filled with just one type of plant — a species that doesn’t support insects, birds or other wildlife the way a natural ecosystem would.
Lawns started in England back around the Middle Ages. At that time, most people had to grow their own food.
A big expanse of grass would serve as a display of wealth; these people could afford to have land without crops.
The grasses planted back then were native to England. They grew well with that nation’s soils, ample rains and cool temperatures.
Those same grasses now cover lawns across the world, from Europe and the United States to Australia.
Although they did well in England, they’re not as well adapted to places with different climates and levels of soil nutrients.
That means it can take a lot of work to maintain these yards. People tend to add fertilizers to keep their lawns green. They water regularly, because these grass species can’t handle hot summers or places with little rain. People may even use chemicals to keep out weeds and pests.
All those activities use up or pollute much-needed fresh water. Both are problems, especially in the face of ongoing drought. Pesticides and fertilizers washed away by rain or watering can also harm the ecosystems in streams.
That’s why a growing number of people are rethinking lawns. What does that mean? Allowing a greater variety of plants and animals to thrive in these spaces could save water, experts say. It could also reduce chemical pollution. Yards planted with more diverse species could make for healthier ecosystems with more pollination and pest control. In the end, such changes should benefit people and wildlife alike.
1. Why does the author mention large grassy lawns in paragraph 1?| A．To describe their popularity. | B．To explain their waste of money. |
| C．To introduce their great benefits. | D．To show their lack of plant diversity. |
| A．People growing various crops on their lawns. |
| B．Grasses native to England spreading worldwide. |
| C．Grasses lacking adaptation to diverse environments. |
| D．Grasslands being kept to show wealth and status. |
| A．Employ chemicals to kill harmful pests. | B．Plant drought-resistant native grass. |
| C．Adapt the grasses to different soils. | D．Avoid using artificial fertilizers on lawns. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Surprised. | C．Dismissive. | D．Favorable. |
【推荐2】Greening the Kubuqi Desert
China has seen great achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years. Solid efforts have been made to fight pollution and continuously improve the environment.
As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets（资产）.
A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment.
In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition, the group’s techniques have also been used in many ecological（生态的）programs, including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
“
| A．Once the environment gets better, we will live a happier life. |
| B．For example, in 1998, China started the Natural Forest Protection Program. |
| C．Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s. |
| D．Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group. |
| E．Pollution is getting worse and worse nowadays. |
| F．Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification. |
| G．We will come up with new ways to improve our ability to control the sand. |
【推荐3】I have never understood why we keep a garden and why years ago when I bought my first house, I started digging up a small land for vegetables before doing anything else. It is so easy and cheap to buy carrots; why raise them? When April comes, I always find myself looking at that miserable land, resolving not to plant it again. But unavoidably a morning arrives when, just as I am awakening, a refreshing scent (香味), as if from the very center of this planet, comes through the window. And the sun suddenly, seems to have a different, deeper yellow in its light on the carpet.
It is not only pleasure sending me back to stare at that plot of soil, it is real conflict. The question is the same each year—what method should we use? The last few years we put black plastic between the rows, and it worked perfectly. But plastic looks so industrial, so unromantic, that I have gradually moved over to hay. We cut a lot of hay and it does improve the soil. Besides, it looks lovely and comes to us free.
The attractions of gardening, I think, at least for some gardeners, are moral. Whenever life seems pointless and difficult to grasp, you can always get out in the garden and get something done. Also, your parental instinct comes into play because helpless living things are depending on you, requiring training and protection from enemies. In some cases, as with beans and cucumbers, your children—as it were, begin to turn upon on you in great numbers, growing more and more each morning and threatening to follow you into the house.
1. What does the underlined word “resolving” probably mean?| A．pretending | B．refusing |
| C．deciding | D．managing |
| A．High price. | B．Environmental concern. |
| C．Poor function. | D．Personal preference. |
| A．Gardening requires wisdom. | B．Gardening offers moral advice. |
| C．Gardening brings spiritual content. | D．Gardening improves parenting. |
| A．To Garden or Not | B．What I Garden for |
| C．How to Garden | D．Wisdom from Gardens |
【推荐1】London has become a cycle-friendly zone after the launch of a new bike hire scheme.
Transport for London, which runs the scheme, are hoping to have 6,000 bikes and 400 docking stations in place by the end of the year.
| A．So how does it work? |
| B．How do you like it? |
| C．However, there have been a few problems since the scheme was launched last Friday. |
| D．Despite the comments, the green-thinking London Mayor still says with certainty. |
| E．However, the London Mayor is confident of the scheme. |
| F．It has been designed to encourage more people to cycle in and around central London. |
| G．The new hire system is hoping to ease congestion(拥挤) in London and is expected to create up to 40,000 extra cycle trips a day into the city centre. |
【推荐2】CAFE Maker Space Policy
Service and Location
The Maker Space is located in the lower level of the Powers Memorial Library towards the north side of the building. The purpose of the area is to provide open access to information and various new technologies to enhance professional, personal and educational goals for all ages. It is a place to gain hands-on experience, knowledge and skills and to make stuff!
Opening Hours
Currently the Maker Space is open every Wednesday afternoon from 4:00—7:00 p. m. These hours may vary during the summertime.
Equipment Available
·A Flash forge Creater Pro Dual Extrusion 3 D Printer
·Two ASUS Laptops
·Inventables Tool Kit
·LECO Mindstorms
·Wood Finishing Kit
·Obstacle Avoiding Robot
Conditions of Use
·Everyone with a valid CAFE library card is welcome to use and visit the Maker Space at no charge. To use the Maker Space, all must read and sign the Maker Space policy, stating that they will obey the rules and regulations of this policy.
·All equipment in the Maker Space are on a first come, first served basis; however, reservation may be made of specific equipment in advance. Use is limited for two hours per day per person, unless advanced approval is arranged with the Library Director. Reservations can be made in person at the library or by calling the Main Circulation Desk(262) 495-4605.
Equipment Safety Use
·In order to use specific equipment/technology or to participate in any project using this equipment, the user must complete the Equipment Use and Safety Certification Class.
·Any use of materials without certification can result in suspension or permanent ban from the Maker Space.
Fees for Equipment
3 D Printer: The current cost for use of the 3 D printer is $0.5 per 30 minutes run time.
1. Who is the Maker Space open to?| A．Staff of CAFE high school. |
| B．People over the age of 20. |
| C．Citizens with the library card. |
| D．College students in the city. |
| A．Service and Location. | B．Equipment Available. |
| C．Conditions of Use. | D．Equipment Safety Use. |
| A．$2. | B．$1.5. |
| C．$1. | D．$0.5. |
【推荐3】Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant(执行令)if the phone is on or around a person dur
ing an arrest.
California has asked the justices to restore the practice that the police may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be careless if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are recognizable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by casting away California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these device
s is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.
As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be very difficult for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still ignore Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.
But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, destructive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of cars; similarly, they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
1. The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legal to ____.| A．search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant |
| B．check suspects' phone contents without being authorized |
| C．prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents |
| D．prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones |
| A．tolerance. | B．indifference | C．disapproval | D．cautiousness |
| A．principles are hard to be clearly expressed |
| B．the court is giving police less room for action |
| C．phones are used to store sensitive information |
| D．citizens' privacy is not effective protected |
| A．the Constitution should be carried out flexibly |
| B．New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution |
| C．California's argument violates principles of the Constitution |
| D．Principles of the Constitution should never be changed |
【推荐1】Israeli researchers say they have invented a reusable face mask that can kill the coronavirus with heat by drawing power from a mobile phone charger.
The disinfecting (消毒) process takes about half an hour—and users should not wear the mask while it is plugged in, said Professor Yair Ein-Eli, who led the research team at Technion University in Haifa. The new mask has a USB port that connects to a power source such as a standard cell-phone charger that heats an inner layer of carbon fibres to 70 degrees Celsius, high enough to kill viruses.
Ein-Eli said disposable masks were not economically or environmentally friendly. “You have to make it reusable and friendly, and this is our solution,” he said.
Professor Allon Moses, an infectious diseases expert at Jerusalem’s Hadassah Medical Center, said there was “no question” that a half hour’s exposure to 70-degrce heat would kill the coronavirus. But he cautioned that repeated heating could “damage the mask’s paper or fabric and spoil its ability to protect from diseases in the future”.
During testing, the prototype was exposed to 20 heating cycles, each for half an hour, with no impact on durability, Ein-Eli said. “We can guarantee it up to a few dozen cycles, without any risk,” he added.
The prototypc looks like a standard N95 face mask, with a valve (阀) at the front and bands to hold it in place around the head. The researchers submitted (递交) a patent for the mask in the United States in late March and say they are discussing commercializing the product with the private sector.
1. How long does the disinfecting process usually take?| A．Around 20 minutes. | B．Around 30 minutes. |
| C．Around 60 minutes. | D．Around 70 minutes. |
| A．To kill viruses thoroughly. | B．To spread a novel idea. |
| C．To replace the traditional ones. | D．To make reusable and friendly ones. |
| A．The reusable face masks could be unhealthy. |
| B．70-degree heat would hurt people in a way. |
| C．The cost of reusable face masks might be high. |
| D．The function of mask to prevent disease could be affected. |
| A．A Mask for Curing the Coronavirus |
| B．The Latest Style of the Standard N95 |
| C．A Kind of Mask Killing Viruses with Heat |
| D．The Cheapest Mask Instead of the Standard N95 |
【推荐2】There are almost limitless things to do at the seaside. For an enjoyable summer day or night, some that are the most fun can be simple, inexpensive or absolutely free.
Frolic: Summer at the seaside is for as many activities as you can stand in the sand. Play frisbee(飞盘), sand volleyball or any beach-free sport. Jog or run while you feel the soft sand each step. If it’s nice and windy, go fly a kite!
Picnic: If you’re a bit lazy as you sun and relax on the beach, you can buy takeout(外卖食物)from nearby shops. If you’re there with a big family outing, you may prefer to pack and bring baskets of your favorite foods and drinks.
Sand castles: For anyone who wishes they were still kids, building castles in the sand is fun at the seashore. If you’re feeling really creative, add fishes, frogs and whatever else your modeling skills can construct.
Explore: If there are hiking or biking trails along the shore or nearby, take an action to discover what’s around to be collected. Seashells and washed-up ocean flora(植物群) are fun to hunt, although finding a valuable diamond ring in the sand is much more satisfying.
Socialize: Meet all kinds of people. If kids are with you, they’re natural socializers, and will easily join others in games and other fun things to do together. Set up a volleyball net on the beach, and soon others will join the game.
Nothing: For some people the top activity at the seaside is inactivity. That means doing absolutely nothing. After all, you’ve come to the beach to relax on the warm sand, and nowhere in the world is a more comfortable place.
1. In the first paragraph the author ______.| A．advertises a scenic spot |
| B．describes the beautiful seaside |
| C．introduces the things that can be brought to the seaside |
| D．shows that visitors can do many things at the seaside |
| A．Tips on safety. | B．Lively and enjoyable activities. |
| C．Famous players. | D．Full preparation. |
| A．Having a picnic with your family. |
| B．Making friends with all kinds of people. |
| C．Searching for valuable jewelry in the sand. |
| D．Playing many kinds of games at the beach. |
| A．you can still relax yourself |
| B．you might feel uncomfortable |
| C．you miss a chance to enjoy yourself |
| D．you are not advised to go to the seaside again |
【推荐3】It's believed that after a poor night's sleep, a strong coffee is the kick-start that many people need in the morning, but a new research suggests that it might be best to have a bite to eat first.
A study has found that drinking coffee first can have a negative effect on blood sugar control a risk factor for diabetes (糖尿病)and heart disease.
“We know that nearly half of us will wake in the morning and, before doing anything else, drink coffee—subjectively the more tired we feel, the stronger the coffee,” said Professor James Betts, at the University of Bath in the UK.
For their study, researchers at the University of Bath got 29 healthy men and women to take part in three different overnight experiments, with at least a week between them.
In one, the participants had a normal night's sleep, roughly from 11 p. m. to 7 a. m. , and were asked to consume a sugary drink on waking in the morning. They then experienced an interrupted night's sleep, where the researchers woke them every hour for five minutes by sending them text messages to which they had to respond—and upon waking were given the same sugary drink.
On another night, participants experienced the same sleep interruption, but this time, were first given a strong black coffee 30 minutes before consuming the sugary drink.
They found that one night of interrupted sleep did not worsen the participants' blood sugar and insulin (胰岛素)responses when compared to the normal night's sleep—although previous research suggested that losing many hours of sleep or many nights of poor sleep could have a negative effect. However, strong black coffee consumed before breakfast actually increased the blood sugar response by around 50%—suggesting that relying on coffee after a bad night to stop feeling sleepy could limit your body's ability to tolerate the sugar in your breakfast.
1. What does the underlined word "kick-start" in paragraph 1 refer to?| A．A kind of drink. | B．A kind of habit. | C．A kind of power. | D．A kind of medicine. |
| A．If we feel tired，we should choose stronger coffee |
| B．Drinking coffee first may cause some serious diseases. |
| C．It shows that having breakfast first can refresh sleepy people |
| D．Half of people are hard to kick the habit of drinking strong coffee. |
| A．A cup of strong black coffee. | B．A normal night's sleep. |
| C．An interrupted night's sleep. | D．A normal sugary drink. |
| A．By listing some examples. | B．By observing the process. |
| C．By explaining a phenomenon. | D．By comparing the results. |
