【推荐2】If you’ re a sports fan, you may be familiar with the emotional rollercoaster that comes with sports audience. Whether you’ re part of a buzzing crowd in a stadium, or just watching at home on TV, it’s easy to get caught up in the highs and the lows when you celebrate or commiserate with your favourite team or athlete.

Those feelings are so strong, in fact, that a study from Croatia, published in PubMed, showed that the emotional stress during a football match increased the risk of a cardiovascular (心血管的) incident.

But can watching sports be good for you too? The evidence suggests that people who watch live sporting events experience greater wellbeing than those who don’t. A study published in Frontiers in Public Health by the Anglia Ruskin University in the UK, found sports spectators felt less lonely and had higher scores for life satisfaction. Lead author Helen Keys said in a press release, “Watching live sport of all types provides many opportunities for social interaction and this helps to forge group identity and belonging.” She says this then reduces loneliness and boosts wellbeing. But, if for any reason you aren’t keen on going to live events, don’t worry! Watching sports on TV or on the Internet may also have great benefits, according to a study by Tsuji and colleagues.

They found that older adults who watched sports were less likely to have depressive symptoms than those who didn’t. On top of that, the sports watchers tended to have richer social networks than non-watchers. The authors suggest that the social networks you gain through watching sports may lower the risk of depressive symptoms. So, the cheers at a live sports event or even casual chit-chat with friends about your favourite team can bring a friendship and may reduce loneliness and depression.

It seems the health benefits of sports are not limited to physical activity through participation in them, but that we can make gains in our general wellbeing through social bonding.

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【推荐3】You can misremember something just seconds after it happened, reframing events in your mind to better fit with your own preconceptions (预想).

Marte Otten at the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and her colleagues wanted to figure out the relationship between previous expectations and short-term memories. The team conducted several experiments on more than 400 people that involved showing the participants random letters arranged in a circle on a computer screen.

In the simplest form of this experiment, the participants were shown the letters for a quarter of a second before the screen went blank. After a gap of 3 seconds, a box appeared where one of the letters had been for half a second, followed by a different circle of letters for half a second. The participants were asked to recall which letter from the original circle had been in the position held by the box on the screen. Crucially, some of the letters were flashed, which Otten calls “fake-letters”. The participants were clearly warned not to mistake them for real ones. This test was repeated.

After recalling the letters, the participants were asked to rate their confidence in each answer. The team focused its analysis on the most confident participants, in order to remove random guesses. The researchers found that, when asked to recall the position of a fake-letter, the confident participants incorrectly gave the answer as its real letter 39 per cent of the time, despite their high confidence in the answer.

“People seem to be sensitive to this memory illusion(错觉) where they already have a preset concept of what the world should look like. This effect appears to be due to a feature of our neural system that relies on generating predictions about the world. We expect to see normal letters when reading. These predictions are normally quite helpful and efficient in normal life and this is not something we have control over,” says Otten.

Several studies have previously shown that long-term memory is unreliable and affected by previous expectations. This new study reveals that the same is true for short-term memories.

【推荐1】The summer months are fast approaching, and the excitement of new adventures and outdoor experiences are on the horizon (地平线). Now is the time to start booking locations for camping and van sites. But where to go? Which one to choose? Here are some useful tips for you.

Everyone has different needs when it comes to booking an ideal spot for spending time outdoors. Contact the campground directly and well in advance and ask what campsites and areas tend to be the best fit for what you’re looking for, such as family-friendly, older crowds or quieter grounds. For a less crowded experience, book your stay during the week instead of the weekend. Some of the most popular destinations for camping in America include the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which boasts (拥有) wildflowers, hiking and a scenic 11-mile ring road that can be walked or cycled; Yosemite National Park is one of the most popular places to put up a tent, with 13 campgrounds to choose from, including camping with an RV; the Mojave and the Colorado desert meet at Joshua Tree National Park, an ideal spot to park an RV.

Location! This is vital when considering where you will be setting up shop, especially when it comes to a good night’s rest. Find a flat and dry campsite and build the tent on higher ground in case it rains so it won’t get flooded. Look for natural elements to help keep you warm. Trees and large rocks will keep the wind out and the warmth in. Be aware that the campsite should be close to things such as toilets, water, roads and playgrounds.