(1) women are helped more than men;
(2) men help more than women;
(3) attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
(1) “Shifting of responsibility”— the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people’ there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
(2) “Fear of making a mistake” — situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an accident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
(3) “Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention (介入), much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved, and a fight would easily follow.”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “The British as a whole have some difficulty intervening, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety: These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.Pretty women are more likely to be helped. |
B.People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime. |
C.Religious people are more likely to look on. |
D.Criminals are more likely to harm women. |
A.Sex. | B.Nationality. | C.Profession. | D.Setting. |
A.When one is in trouble, people think it’s his own fault. |
B.In a football match, people get involved in a fight. |
C.Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened. |
D.On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves. |
A.to explain why bystanders behave as they do |
B.to urge people to stand out when in need |
C.to criticize the selfishness of bystanders |
D.to analyze the weakness of human nature |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In the early years of America, the average mother had eight to ten children. Living conditions were hard. Many children died at an early age. Families needed a lot of help on the farm. So it was good to have many children.
But over the years birth rate(比率) fell. Families began to have fewer and fewer children. By 1900, the average woman had only three or four children. In 1936, during the Great Depression, the average American mother gave birth to only two children.
Things changed after World War Two. Suddenly, it seemed like every family started having babies. Parents were hopeful about the future. People felt the need for a family and security after the long, difficult years of the war. From 1950 to 1960, the number of children between the ages of five and 14 increased by more than ten million.
Many of the new parents moved to homes in the new suburbs. Usually a developer would buy land, then clear it, level it and build houses on it. Young families would buy the houses with money that they borrowed from local banks.
Life there was different. Families moving in found that their new friends were happy to help them get started. When little Bobby outgrew his clothes, his mother gave them to little Billy across the street. People felt safe enough to leave their doors unlocked.
Parents did everything they could to make life good for their children. Between 1950 and 1960, the number of boys playing on baseball teams increased from less than one million to almost six million. The number of Girl Scouts(童子军) increased by two million.
Bicycle sales doubled. And it wasn’t just two-wheeled transportation that experienced an increase after the war.
1. How did the birth rate change in America according to the passage?A.It first fell and then rose. | B.It first rose and then fell. |
C.It rose slowly all the time. | D.It remained the same. |
A.A person who works in the local banks. |
B.A person who moves from cities to the suburbs. |
C.A person who designs and creates new products. |
D.A person who builds and sells houses to make money. |
A.Stressful. | B.Simple. | C.Easy. | D.Harmonious. |
A.The increase in car production and sales. |
B.The improvement in children’s education. |
C.The changes in American population. |
D.The flow of the suburban population. |
【推荐2】Who needs friends? According to most psychologists (心理学家) we all do, especially nowadays when so many other aspects (方面) of modern life are changing. It seems that having friends keeps us both healthy and happy.
The number of TV series about groups of friends shows just how important friendship is to us. Psychologist Dorothy Rowe says that many of us now turn to our friends, instead of our families, for advice, comfort and security. One woman named Rebecca she interviewed even told her that if she had got to choose between her husband and her friend, she would choose her friend.
Since our friends mean so much to us, it is not surprising that the happiest marriages are also friendships. “Once the romantic stage of a relationship has passed, it is friendship that holds people together,” says Rowe. If the couple do not make some change, they will either get tired of each other and break up or stay together and seek friendship with others.
But is friendship equally important to women and men? According to author Rhonda Pritchard, women are more likely than men to have close friends. “ You tell a friend things that you’d never tell a partner”,says one woman she interviewed. For men, friendship is usually based on doing things together rather than the private conversations that are typical of women friend. Men share time and activities like building a fence or a business, running, riding a bike, fishing or watching football, but they don’t often share their feelings.
Although many women find their relationships with a husband or boyfriend is not enough, many men say that their partner is their best friend. Even women who are very happily married are likely to become very unhappy without a close friend and can even find the breakup of a close friend as painful as the end of a marriage.
Lasting friendships can provide a lot of the same support that families provided in the past, but the perfect situation is to have your family there for as well. Friendships and family relationships can both change, but a friend will not consider you when making really important decisions in the same way that a family member will.
1. What did Rebecca think about friendship?A.Families are reliable forever. | B.Her friend means more to her than her husband |
C.One needn’t have too many friends. | D.Friends are as important as families. |
A.they are encouraged by their partners. |
B.they are not fairly treated by their partners |
C.they don’t get what they need from their partners. |
D.they think their friends are more romantic. |
A.Women often do things together. |
B.Women often talk about business with friends. |
C.Men seldom talk about their feelings. |
D.Men often talk to their friends about work and family. |
A.feel as upset as when a marriage ends. | B.share feelings with their partners. |
C.treat their partners as friends. | D.turn to their husband for comfort. |
【推荐3】It’s peak cold and flu season, which means taking a lot of preventative measures. Frequent hand-washing is a must, as is avoiding co-workers or friends who are sick. But we humans are not the only animals that change behaviors to keep diseases at bay. So do ants.
“So there are the foragers (工蚁) and the nurses — it’s two different groups of work,” said Natha of the University of Lausanne. She and her colleagues observed ants to see their reaction to the presence of a disease.
“The nurses being made of young workers typically, stay inside the nest and take care of the eggs. And the foragers are all the workers spending most of time at outside of the nest to collect food and defend the territory.”
Forager ants are at greater risk of getting exposed to diseases because they leave the safety of the nest. So the researchers sprayed a common virus on a small group of forager ants and then followed their movements to see the way other ants reacted.
“We marked all ants in the colony with individual labels, which carries these two-dimensional bar code marks like QR code which is automatically detected and recorded using a tracking system.”
After the infection, the nurse and forager ants stayed within their working places and interacted less outside of their work group. The researchers also saw that forager ants spent more time outside of the nest. “They increase that amount by 15 percent, so by quite a large amount.”
Isolating behavior stops the spread of the virus. “Something that’s quite interesting in these ants that’s been shown by the study is that in their ability to avoid infecting other members of the community, ants may be more advanced than we are,” Natha said.
1. How did the researchers track the infected ants?A.They labeled the movements of infected ants. |
B.They used the QR codes to follow the ants’ movements. |
C.They had some nurse and forager ants infected with the virus. |
D.They applied a tracking technology to record the ants’ movements. |
A.Forager ants stayed inside the nest more. |
B.Infected ants tended to stay away from healthy ants. |
C.The nurses stayed inside the nest, working and living as usual. |
D.15% more forager ants stayed outside after they were infected. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Objective. | C.Appreciative. | D.Conservative. |
A.They can change behaviours to prevent diseases. |
B.They are highly cooperative and adaptable. |
C.Forager ants have better resilience than nurse ants. |
D.Ants societies are more advanced than human societies. |
Lately, there is a rising trend in families choosing to homeschool their child than send their child to a traditional educational institution. Let’s look at some of the benefits of homeschooling.
1. Flexible Schedule
Homeschooling enables a flexible schedule.
2. Individual Attention
With homeschooling, your child gets all the individual attention. For example, if your child is weak in maths, you could devote more time and energy to teaching maths. Your child’s homeschooling schedule can be adjusted for that. For example, if your child is better at science than at maths, simply devote more homeschooling hours to maths and cut back on science. With homeschooling, the choice is yours.
3. Family Activity
The schooling of the child can become an extended family activity. Examples are field trips and experiments. Plus, the child also receives more quality time with his/her parents.
4.
With homeschooling, the child does not need to prove his/her abilities to other children. Parents are able to plan the learning program according to his strengths and weakness. Parents can also change the curriculum to suit the learning style of the child.
A.No peer pressure |
B.Religion Learning |
C.Traditional schools can’t do that. |
D.There is more time for family bonding. |
E.For example, the child needn’t wake up at 7 every morning. |
F.Plus, it is quite impossible to provide individual attention to all students. |
G.For example, some children learn better from reading while others need to write. |
【推荐2】An important lesson in the moral education of children could be as close as the book in their hands. Stories can play a role in changing the importance of particular moral values in young audiences, according to the result of a new study.
“Media can greatly influence separate moral values and get kids to place more or less importance on those values depending on what is uniquely stressed in that content,” says Lindsay Hahn, PhD, a professor in the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences.
Hahn is first author of the new study, which adds an important part to a body of literature that explores how media content affects children. While many previous studies have focused on broad conceptualisations (概念化), like positive or negative effects of specific content, Hahn’s study looks at how reading of content featuring specific moral values might influence the weight kids place on those values.
Do children reading about particular moral characteristics absorb those qualities as building blocks for their own morality? The findings suggest so, and further support how this indirect approach to socializing children’s morality can add to the direct teaching of moral principles kids might receive through formal instruction.
For the study, Hahn and her colleagues took the main character from a teenager story and edited the content to reflect in each version (版本) the study’s focus on one of four moral values. A fifth version was changed in a way that featured an amoral main character. The stories were shared with about 200 participants between the ages of 10 and 14. The team then measured the importance kids place on moral values to find out how participants might be influenced by specific stories.
“Measuring these effects can be difficult,” says Hahn. “That’s why one purpose of this research was to develop a measure of moral values for kids”.
1. What can be inferred from the results of the study?A.Good virtues can carry children through hard times. |
B.Good morals in stories help shape children’s values. |
C.Teaching moral principles directly to kids seems useless. |
D.Reading stories is a better approach than formal instructions. |
A.The response of the public to Hahn’s study. |
B.The difference between Hahn’s study and previous studies. |
C.The big contribution of Hahn’s study to children’s literature. |
D.The branches of the research on media influences on children. |
A.They adapted a character and created five stories. |
B.They tested different moral principles in children. |
C.They created a chain story out of an old character. |
D.They illustrated the study for younger participants. |
A.A textbook. |
B.A social report. |
C.A medical report. |
D.An education magazine. |
【推荐3】I think adults are affected by media, songs, and the Internet, and that is hard enough. After looking in all of the magazines and at models, my friends and I agree that our least favorite day of the year is when we wear swimsuits! It affects your whole mood and self-image for the day. Think about how hard it is for young girls if they believe “how hot you look” is how valuable you are.
Here are some ways parents can be proactive in encouraging a healthy self-image in their children.
First, teach what real value is. I think kids sometimes are confused about values. How valuable you are is not measured by how pretty you are on the outside and success is not measured by how famous you are. We were watching the Oscars and my 6-year-old son said “She is so pretty,” and then quickly looked at me and said “You are prettier, Mom.” And I said, “It’s okay. There are many people prettier than me on the outside. I know that’s not why you love me.” It is important to teach children this from an early age.
Second, tell your kids about “the grass is always greener syndrome.” It is very easy for all of us to see the glamour (魅力), whether it be in a famous singer or the most popular girl in the school. Do not dehumanize and judge famous people. Talk about what problems they might have that are different from the problems your child has and maybe some of the same struggles, like maybe wanting acceptance from peers (同龄人).
At last, use your mouth. Don’t be afraid to have conversations with your child about how they’re feeling about ads, songs, etc... Boys too! You are the parent! Kids of all ages want and need boundaries whether they admit it or not. Take a stand and have confidence enough not to be followers and not to purchase clothing, music, or magazines that you don’t believe sends the right message to your children!
1. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Singing with friends. | B.Learning swimming skills. |
C.Showing imperfect figures. | D.Reading fashion magazines. |
A.to praise his mother | B.to comfort his mother |
C.because he didn’t like stars | D.because he really thought so |
A.Lots of people like judging others. |
B.Kids want to be popular in school. |
C.People tend to like famous singers. |
D.People always think others’ life is better. |
A.set limits for their kids |
B.make friends with their kids |
C.teach their kids how to be confident |
D.encourage their kids to be themselves. |