How would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work-组卷网

题型：选词填空-短文选词填空难度：0.4 引用次数：471 题号：365354

How would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as     1     as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide     2     resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.
The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost     3
clean. By observing nature, scientists are     4     the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been     5    . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special     6     on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been     7     to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).
Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic     8     will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger     9     on our lives.

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更新时间：2016-12-07 14:42:55 |

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【知识点】发明与创造

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【推荐1】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A.lanes B.charged C.dramatically D.mostly E. estimated F.powered
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E-Scooters

Over the past two years, electric scooters have become ever-present in many of Europe and America’s biggest cities. Britain is the last major western European country to hold out against the 1 . E-scooters are not allowed on public roads, though people do ride them on cycle 2 and pavements . But where they are permitted, the number of e-scooter sharing companies soars 3 . To their 4 , e-scooters are revolutionary: the “iPhone Of urban transport”. To their critics, they are dangerous, anti-social and very annoying.

As with a dock less(无桩) bike, scooters are fitted with GPS trackers and wireless 5 . Customers download an app and scan a QR code on the scooter to unlock it. They are then 6 a small amount. Bird, which launched its e-scooter in Santa Monica, California in September 2017 charges $l plus 15 cents per minute, on average, in the US-to travel where they want to go, at a maximum speed of around 15mph. At night, the scooters are rounded up, charged and returned to popularity.

E-Scooters have the potential to solve some of the worlds biggest transport problems. Most cities are already dangerously polluted and heavily congested, and it is simply not an option to put more cars and taxis on the streets. Scooters are efficient; one kilowatt hour of energy carries a car 7 by petrol less than a mile, and an e-scooter 80 miles.

Scooters are clean, cheap, and they require little new infrastructure. For a country like car- 8 America, they could genuinely transform an 9 60% of US journeys under six miles. Even in European cities, which 10 have good public transport systems, they are very useful for travelling the“final mile”. According to Bird, 40% of taxi-riding journeys in London are under two miles, so e-scooters could help take a lot of cars off the streets.

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文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要描写Willis Haviland Carrier在一个雾蒙蒙的夜晚偶然发现的理论成为现代空调技术的理论基础。

【推荐2】Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

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The Father of Cool

It is evening, near freezing. The city is practically empty. Fog 1 the Pittsburgh Railroad Station. A young engineer walks the platform, his brain occupied with a problem that has obsessed him for months. And then it 2 him—the Archimedean lightning bolt (闪电) of inspiration. The answer is literally all around him: It’s the fog itself!

The young man’s name is Willis Haviland Carrier. On that foggy night in 1902, he hit upon the theory that became the 3 for modern air-conditioning technology.

Carrier graduated from university as a mechanical engineer in June 1901. A month later, he began working for the Buffalo Forge Company, a firm that produced heating and exhaust systems 4 . The summer of 1901 was 5 hot. A printing company became frustrated with varying humidity (湿度) levels when trying to print in color. The same paper had to be printed four times in four colors, and if the humidity changed between print runs, the paper would slightly expand or 6 . Even a millimeter’s misalignment (错位) looked awful.

Early the following year, the printing company 7 Buffalo Forge, asking it to devise a system to control humidity in the air as well as the temperature. The firm turned to the 25-year-old Carrier.

By the early 1850s, two 8 in cooling had been achieved: a French engineer designed the first absorption refrigerator; and an American physician was 9 a patent for a machine to make ice. From then on, the challenge would lie in controlling humidity instead of lowering temperature.

Carrier’s partial solution involved circulating cold water and then balancing their temperature with the rate of air flow. It was at the Pittsburgh Railroad Station that the solution came to him. Few other inventors have had such an impact on modern life and yet remained so little-known. Air conditioning, in a sense, has become 10 . And for most of us, the simple ability to cool our homes amid the summer’s heat is more than enough reason to be grateful for Carrier’s fogbound moment of genius.

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名校

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Baby Steps Toward Autonomy…

Companies, like Google and Tesla, didn't even exist when Toyota introduced the Prius in1997. However, they have become major 1 in the auto industry recently. Both of them aim to introduce fully autonomous cars ---that is, cars that drive themselves---within the next several years.

Self-driving cars are expected to be much safer than human-driven ones. But even if the first robot cars 2 the roads in the next few years, most of us probably won't give up driving entirely for at least another 15 or 20 years. In the meantime, 3 cars will gradually take over certain aspects of driving.

Companies have been adding 4 features to cars since the 1990s---things like adaptive cruise control, which uses sensors to adjust a car's speed based on the traffic in front of it, and automated parallel parking. Some cars automatically stop—or at least slow down—if a driver doesn't step on the brake in time to avoid a crash. In a certain model developed in 2017, the driver will be able to change 5 simply by hitting the turn signal for two seconds (the car will take care of the rest). Within a few years, cars may be able to determine when an accident is likely and make 6 to the cabin---moving seats, closing windows , retracting the steering wheel.

Even better than preparing for a crash, of course, is 7 one. Some vehicles 8 warnings when they detect, through cameras and sensors, that a driver is getting sleepy. Future cars might take over for 9 drivers---or automatically pull to the side of the road and shut down. Biometrics(生物识别技术）could aid this process. If a car has sensors that can measure a driver's breath and heart rate, it could 10 into self-driving mode when a driver has a heart attack.

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