There have been many great inventions that changed the way we live. The first great invention was one that is still very important today—the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800’s the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much anymore. They began to work instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.
The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies with sound in 1926. The computer in 1928.And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960’s most people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life.
Of course new inventions continued to be made.But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from the earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning though.
New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.
1. Camera was invented after ________.A.1850 | B.1950 |
C.1800 | D.1900 |
A.Because there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel for hundreds of years. |
B.Because there was little unknown land left in the world. |
C.Because people did not have to explore much anymore. |
D.Because people began to work to make life better instead of exploring unknown world. |
A.helicopters, computers, jet planes, nylon |
B.new ways to help people get over disease |
C.new materials |
D.people |
A.Man wanted to move to other stars. |
B.Other countries wanted to catch up with America. |
C.Other countries wanted to follow Russia. |
D.Going into space is a dream for man to realize. |
A.Great Inventions of the 20th Century |
B.How Wheels, Cameras and Computers Were Invented |
C.Peopl’s Attitudes Towards Inventions |
D.Great Inventions Influence Our Way of Living |
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【推荐1】Creative vending(售卖) machine prints short stories to read while you wait
Recently, inventive vending machines have become popular around France.
The “Short Story Dispenser” first debuted(亮相) at Paris’ bustling Charles de Gaulle Airport last year.
A.Fewer people read short stories these days. |
B.Using a “Short Story Dispenser” is simple. |
C.How do you kill a few minutes while waiting for a bus or train? |
D.Since then, the popular machines have been fixed in various public places across the country. |
E.Short Edition, a library of short literature, has fixed unique vending machines that print out short stories. |
F.Instead of selling sweet treats or sugary drinks, however, these machines distribute short stories. |
G.Pretty in design and minimal in effort, each vending machine offers an appealing way for customers to kill time. |
【推荐2】European researchers say they have created a process that can produce oxygen from moon dust. The process could provide a major source of oxygen for humans taking part in moon exploration activities in the future. Researchers from the European Space Agency,or ESA,carried out the experiments at a laboratory in the Netherlands.
The team says ESA’s experimental“plant”was able to successfully produce oxygen from simulated moon dust. The dust is part of a material known as regolith,a top layer of dirt and rock pieces that sit on the surface of the moon. Samples of regolith returned from the moon have confirmed that the material contains about 45 percent oxygen by weight. However,the oxygen is chemically locked in the form of minerals or glass,so it is not easily available for use. Having real samples of regolith from the moon made it possible for the researchers to create the simulated moon dust material used during testing.
The oxygen extraction(提取)process is carried out using a method called molten salt electrolysis(熔盐电解). This includes first placing the regolith in a metal container. Calcium chloride salt is added to the mixture,which is then heated to 950 degrees Celsius. At this temperature,the regolith remains solid. Next,an electrical current is passed through the material. The researchers say it is this step that results in oxygen being extracted from the regolith. The study reported that up to 96 percent of oxygen in the simulated moon dust was extracted during the experiments.
ESA’s long-term goal is to design an oxygen-producing“pilot plant”to operate full-time on the moon. The first technology demonstration of the system is expected to take place in the middle 2020s. Beth Lomax,a lead researcher on the project,said,“Being able to acquire oxygen from resources found on the moon would obviously be hugely useful for future lunar settlers,both for breathing and the local production of rocket fuel. ”The researchers reported that“as a bonus,”the process also results in the production of usable metallic materials.
ESA and the US space agency NASA are both working on plans to return human beings to the moon. NASA has set a goal for 2024 with the aim to keep humans on the moon for long periods.
1. Why is oxygen from moon dust difficult to use?A.It is tough for human beings to get moon dust. |
B.It is chemically fixed in materials or glass. |
C.The conditions of moon dust are terrible. |
D.There exits only a little of it. |
A.What molten salt electrolysis is. |
B.Where the value of the study lies. |
C.How oxygen is extracted from moon dust. |
D.What is necessary in the oxygen extraction process. |
A.Positive. | B.Skeptical. |
C.Cautious. | D.Indifferent. |
A.Recent Studies of Moon Dust by Researchers |
B.How Researchers Extracted Oxygen from Moon Dust |
C.Potential Significance of Oxygen Extracted from Moon Dust |
D.Researchers Report Extracting Oxygen from Moon Dust Successfully |
【推荐3】Dogs are considered by many to be man’s best friend and with millions of dogs owned by families in the US, it is highly likely that many dogs are in need of some amount of training. Since dogs can hear sounds at much higher frequencies (频率) than humans, there is a wonderful tool for the training of a dog. It is an app (应用程序) called the Dog Whistle. This isn’t your typical whistle in that it produces sounds at a frequency that is unable to be heard by humans. This unique app will allow you to train your dog without the need of a dog whistle.
The Dog Whistle free app was created by an app developer Maoli Wang specifically for dog owners who are looking for a way to communicate with their dogs in order to be able to either train them or alert (使警觉) them when the noise around is too great for them to hear you call them. By simply fixing the app on your iPhone, it will immediately turn itself into a dog whistle.
The app includes a very powerful system that is able to create different tones ranging from 16,000 to 40,000 Hz in order for a dog to be able to hear it. The app also has an on-screen sound meter in order for the user to monitor the sound level being produced. In that way, they can decide on which frequency works best for their dog. What’s more, the app easily produces the requested tones at the frequencies necessary to be used to communicate with your dog by simply tapping the screen of your phone.
The app was designed to be used in place of a dog whistle in order to get your dogs attention when it is too noisy around them. The sound produced through the app is at a level that only dogs are able to hear and they will respond to the sound. If you own a dog and are having behavioral issues with them, you would surely benefit from the Dog Whistle free app available by clicking here.
1. What is the development of the app based on according to the first paragraph?A.Dogs’ good hearing. | B.People’s love for dogs. |
C.The use of smart phones. | D.Dog owner’s interest in training. |
A.It records the ways the dog responds to sounds. |
B.It produces beautiful sounds that interest the dog. |
C.It produces whistles at a frequency intended for the dog. |
D.It suggests a proper way to communicate with the dog. |
A.In a strange situation. | B.In a noisy situation. |
C.In an unsafe situation. | D.In a difficult situation. |
A.magazine | B.newspaper | C.website | D.radio |
【推荐1】Men have long been puzzled by the amount women pack, when they go on holiday. They despair as they watch their beloved spend much money on extra baggage charge. Nearly half of these women admitted to lying about the weight of their case to their partner before leaving for the airport, in fear of being made to unload some unnecessary items.
But it's a fact that women pack more than they need. On average, a woman needs around 57 items in suitcase for a two-week holiday, yet most women pack nearer to 150 items, ranging from skirts, tops, underwear and high heels. In addition, women pack more sun cream, make-up and hair appliances than they are likely to need. They all take up space in the suitcase, only a third of them will see the light of day once at the holiday place.
79 percent of women admitted to taking extra items with them, with the reason for this being ''just in case''. Women plan their holiday wardrobe months in advance. Packing enough clothes and other items to last a month is not enough for some women. They'd take a chance to shop for new items while holidaying abroad. So they'll return with even more luggage in their cases.
Professor Karen Pine said, ''Women are tempted to take familiar items with them on holiday, often everything except the kitchen sink. Some people find traveling stressful, particularly when they're unsure about the home comforts available at their holiday place. They over- pack to help cope with those feelings of stress and reduce the uncertainty. ''
This will come as no surprise to some men, who are used to trying to squeeze their partner's luggage into the boot of the car with their own, smaller case. On the other hand, men pack very lightly, with only an average of 40 items for a two-week holiday.
1. What is the main idea of the passage?A.Women are good at picking holiday suitcase. |
B.Women over-pack by two third when on holiday. |
C.Women will go shopping every time they go on holiday. |
D.Women take good care of themselves while holidaying. |
A.they want to show off their items |
B.they prefer a more comfortable holiday |
C.they are afraid they'll need them during the holiday |
D.they would like to clean their clothes wardrobe very much |
A.Opposed. | B.Supportive. | C.Positive. | D.Concerned. |
A.Going on holiday will cost a lot. |
B.Women don't prefer to go on a holiday. |
C.People tend to feel tired and stressed on holiday. |
D.It's understandable that women over-pack in a sense. |
【推荐2】Robert Jarvik, born on May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamford, is a medical scientist and researcher, who played an important role in the invention of the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine from a young age. He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent (专利权) for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school.
Jarvik attended Syracuse University and considered a career in art. When his father developed heart disease suddenly, he decided then to work on a medical career. He applied to medical schools, but was not admitted to any schools in the US. Before long, he was admitted to the medical school in Italy and stayed there for two years. He returned to get a degree in medicine from New York University in 1971.
After working for a period of time; Jarvik got a job in the organ transplant (器官移植) program at the University of Utah in 1972. He worked with the director of the program, Willem Kolff, who invented the kidney dialysis (肾透析) machine.
By the time Jarvik came to the University of Utah, the organ program had already developed the primary artificial heart. He improved it by creating a diaphragm (横膈膜), which solved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history.
Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering from serious heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant on December 2, 1982. He lived for 112 days after the operation, but the transplant was considered a success. Though receiving criticism for the risk referred to transplant an artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 still became very important for patients who were waiting for a heart. In 1987, Jarvik moved to New York City and formed Jarvik Research Inc. He began developing a new heart — the Jarvik 2000. This smaller machine fits inside a patient’s heart rather than replacing the entire organ.
1. How does the writer develop the passage?A.By presenting some research results. |
B.By following the natural time order. |
C.By discussing research experiments. |
D.By comparing opinions from different fields. |
A.His father developed heart disease suddenly. |
B.He received a patent for the medical operation. |
C.He took part in the organ program at the University of Utah. |
D.He was refused to be admitted to any medical school in the US. |
A.He invented the kidney dialysis machine. |
B.His greatest achievement was the man-made artificial heart. |
C.He created a diaphragm to replace a patient’s heart. |
D.He did the first heart transplant operation for a heart patient |
【推荐3】Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), along with Chinese Kungfu and Peking Opera, is one of China’s cultural symbols recognized worldwide. It is a gem of Chinese civilization, and it has also made great contributions to world civilization by improving people’s health and promoting social progress.
There used to be a debate in China about whether TCM or Western medicine was better, and arguments can still be heard today. But actually, TCM and western medicine are two different medical theoretical systems that can not replace each other. In some aspects such as surgery, Western medicine is better than TCM, but in other areas, such as recovery after surgery and treatment of chronic (慢性的) diseases, TCM is more effective. This is way some Chinese hospitals provide both TCM and Western medicine treatments. A combination of both has been accepted by many Chinese people as the most effective treatment.
Today, promoting and innovating TCM has become a consensus (共识) in Chinese society. The Chinese government has formulated policies to support the development and innovation of TCM, with a view to establishing a Chinese healthcare development model paying equal attention to both.
The supportive policies of the Chinese Government will focus on three aspects. The first is the strengthening of TCM services in medical institutions. The second is to apply Internet technology to TCM management, including setting up a database containing TCM electronic medical records and prescriptions (处方). The third is to give better play to the advantages of TCM, especially acupuncture (针灸) and naprapathy (推拿). The function of TCM in disease prevention and recovery will also be enhanced.
As long as TCM keeps its core strengths and respects the rules of development and innovation, it will surely be able to maintain its vitality and bring more benefits to people in China and the world.
1. What advantage does Western medicine have over TCM?A.It is a symbol of national civilization. |
B.It is more successful in recovery after surgery. |
C.It is more effective in surgery. |
D.It is more effective in treating chronic diseases. |
A.It calls on the public to support TCM. |
B.It combines Internet Technology with TCM. |
C.It makes better use of the advantages of TCM. |
D.It increases TCM services in hospitals and medical centers. |
A.TCM Beats Western Medicine. | B.Chinese Government Promotes TCM. |
C.TCM is One of China's Cultural Symbols. | D.TCM Breaks New Ground. |