【推荐1】Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Are you still disappointed at your failure? Stop sighing, and change your mental model.

Change your view on “success” and” failure”.

Most people have the following mental model: SUCCESS—YOU—FAILURE.     1    but what if you change that model? YOU—FAILURE—SUCCESS. Instead of for viewing failure as something to be avoided, turn it into a “steppingstone” on the path to success

Increase your failure rate.

If it is true that the more we fail ,the more we succeed then your immediate goal should be to intentionally increase your failure rate!     2    Intentionally increasing failure means the more people tell you “no”, the closer you will get to ultimate success.

Set “No” goals.

    3    But how about setting goals for failure? The exciting aspect is how it keeps people “in the game ”when they are “red hot”. If all you have is “yes” goals and then you slow down or quit when you are successful, the hot steak end .But if you keep going when you get the “yeses” of life, the sky is the limit

    4    

If the key to success is to increase our failures, then it makes sense to celebrate our setbacks. Yes, you heard right: if someone turns you down, celebrate it! Instead of mentally punishing yourself for not succeeding, buy yourself ice cream and say ,”I am one step closer to success ! ”Stop letting failure have a negative impact on your thoughts and emotions.

A．See courage as a muscle

B．Celebrate your failures.

C．Everyone sets success goals

D．With this thought in mind, you are succeeding even when you fail

E．All the courage you need to achieve success is already in you ,just waiting for you to take action

F．They see themselves in the middle, and do everything they can to move toward success and away from failure

【推荐2】It doesn’t matter when and how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That’s what all doctors thought, until they heard about Herpin. Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.

Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw him sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94.

1. What is TRUE about Herpin?

A．He never rested.	B．He was injured when he was young.
C．He never slept.	D．He was puzzled by his sleeplessness.

2. The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting to ________.

A．find that his sleeplessness was not really true

B．cure him of his sleeplessness

C．help him to have a rest in some day

D．find out why some old people didn’t need any sleep

3. One reason that might explain Herpin’s sleeplessness was ________.

A．that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit

B．his magnificent physical condition

C．that he hadn’t got a bed

D．his mother’s injury before he was born

4. The main idea of this passage is that ________.

A．large numbers of people do not need sleep

B．a person was found who actually didn’t need any sleep

C．everyone needs some sleep to stay alive

D．people can live longer by trying not to sleep

【推荐1】Ⅲ 阅读（共两节
第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The idea about the phoenix goes back to Ancient Egypt, where we find the phoenix described as a handsome, eagle-like bird, with part-golden, part-red plumage, that spent most of its life in the Arabian deserts. It was rarely seen and according to one version of the story, only appeared in Egypt once every five hundred years, when it flew to Heliopolis, “city of the sun”, and deliberately burnt itself to ashes by settling on the altar(祭坛) flame there! However, it seems it did not really die because from those same ashes a young, fully formed phoenix was born and flew away, apparently back to Arabia.
It is pretty obvious that no one has ever seen or will see a living phoenix. The interesting thing is that we can find certain clues which may explain one aspect of the Egyptians’ idea. It may sound unbelievable, but some birds are apparently quite charmed by flames and small fires, especially members of the crow family. One zoologist actually proved this by setting fire to some straw near to a tame(驯养的)rook. Far from becoming nervous and backing away, the bird deliberately stood over the flames, with raised and vibrating wings. It didn’t get burnt, but the image it presented by its strange behavior was almost exactly like that shown in illustrations of the mythical phoenix!
Why birds should occasionally behave in this strange way is not clear. One idea is that they carefully use the heat of the flames to relieve the annoyance caused by their feather mites(虱) which all birds have. Whatever the reason, it is quite possible that the Ancient Egyptians saw birds behaving in this way, from time to time, and used it as the basis of their phoenix myth, adding fanciful details which closely linked it to their worship of the sun and their belief in resurrection.
Nowadays, the phoenix is much less important to us than it was to the Egyptians. But the logo of modern fire insurance companies, which employ the phoenix as one of their symbols, refers that in one sense the idea of it remains.
1. According to the passage, the phoenix ______________ .

A．is a handsome and eagle-like bird living in Arab

B．used to be seen when the Egyptians held religious activities

C．has never really existed in the world

D．is the king of all kinds of birds

2. The reason why birds stand above flames is probably that _____________ .

A．the phoenix used to do so

B．they may get rid of the mites

C．they want to burn their feather

D．they can heat themselves

3. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

A．The ancient Egyptians worshiped the phoenix.

B．The scientists have discovered why birds are attracted by fire.

C．The modern people still favor the idea of the phoenix.

D．The mythical tales about the phoenix were based on facts.

4. Which of the following is closest to “resurrection” in the 3rd paragraph?

A．living forever

B．offering warmth

C．coming back to life

D．staying healthy

5. What does the phoenix probably mean in the logo of a fire insurance company?

A．Our company can protect you from being harmed by fire.

B．If your property is destroyed by fire, we will help you build it up again.

C．Our company will always be energetic and wealthy.

D．If needed, we will save you at the risk of losing lives.

【推荐2】In an effort to change the “throw away culture” and promote re-use and repair, the city of Berlin has taken the unique step of opening its own secondhand department store. It resells perfectly good items that would otherwise be thrown away.

A pun(双关语)on the German words for “department store” and “conserving(节约)house”, B - Wa(h) renhaus sells all kinds of products, including clothing, furniture, cell phones and other electronics. Far from simply selling old junk “as is”, the electronic(电子的)goods have been fixed by professional technicians and come with a one-year warranty (保证).

The store was built right in the middle of the famous Karstadt department store. With the success of its first six-month experimental run on the third floor of that store, the city plans to open four more similar operations in other parts of Berlin. By 2030, it hopes to have at least one location in each of Berlin’s 12 districts.

Now the city estimates(估计)that 8% of waste electronic goods and 6% of huge items thrown away can actually be re-used. The goal is to expand the market for these items beyond the usual bargain hunters and eco-conscious consumers.

“Three years ago, we started collecting all kinds of used goods that are well-kept and functioning but aren’t being used any more, ” city spokesperson Dorothee Winden told Bloomberg City Lab. “The goal is to give these things a new life with somebody who can use them.”

The store also includes an education center to encourage more sustainable (可持续的) lifestyles — and also gave an award to a project that recycled school uniforms, so that parents don’t have to buy new ones every year.

The green store has also connected the Berlin City Homeless Mission with online clothing retailers (零售商)who provide clothing which has been returned to them and cannot be re-sold.

1. Why did the city of Berlin open its own secondhand store according to paragraph 1?

A．To encourage the throw-away culture.

B．To change people’s shopping habits.

C．To promote effective recycling of resources.

D．To make the city famous in the world.

2. Which of the following is true about the electronic goods that the store sells?

A．They have been checked and repaired before being re-sold.

B．They are specially intended for poor people.

C．They had a lifetime warranty.

D．They are sold as old junk.

3. What does the underlined word “functioning” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．increasing.

B．working.

C．reducing.

D．stopping.

4. What is the last two paragraphs mainly about?

A．The store’s other ways to encourage a sustainable lifestyle.

B．The store’s development in other fields.

C．The store’s efforts in helping poor families.

D．The store’s contributions to clothing.

【推荐3】Unlike modern animal scientists, dinosaur scientists cannot sit on a hillside and use telescopes to watch dinosaurs in order to know how they lived and whether they were good parents. Instead, they have to search hard for information from dinosaurs’ fossils (恐龙化石) because dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
It’s very difficult for the scientists to reach an agreement because different results can be got from the same fossils. Many fossils of the same kind of dinosaurs have been dug out from one place. They might have formed when an entire group of dinosaurs got stuck (陷入) all at once, or they might have been the result of dinosaurs getting stuck one after another over a course of a few centuries. Thus we can say that dinosaurs might have in the first case lived in big groups and in the second lived alone.
Though there are two different results, dinosaur scientists now generally agree that at least some kinds of dinosaurs lived in big groups. “That’s pretty much settled at this point,” says Paul Sereno. A kind of dinosaurs called Sauropods left behind tracks in the western United States that appear to run north and south, suggesting that they even moved long distances together.
As to whether dinosaurs cared for their young, dinosaur scientists have turned to the closest living relatives of dinosaurs-birds and crocodiles-for possible models. Birds give a lot of care to their young, while crocodiles just help their young to the water. The discovered fossils of dinosaurs sitting on their eggs and staying with their young suggest the parents were taking care of their babies, but we still cannot say that all dinosaurs did the same.
There is still a long way to go before the above questions could be answered. Dinosaur scientists, will have to find more proof to reach an agreement.
1. Dinosaur scientists can get information directly by     .

A．studying dinosaur fossils

B．examining modern animals

C．watching dinosaurs

D．using telescopes

2. What is pretty much settled according to Paul Sereno?

A．Half of the dinosaurs lived alone.

B．Most dinosaurs moved long distances.

C．Many dinosaurs settled in the north.

D．Some dinosaurs lived in big groups.

3. Dinosaur scientists can probably know whether dinosaurs were good parents by      .

A．watching many kinds of animals

B．studying dinosaurs’ living relatives

C．following the tracks left behind

D．working on dug-out dinosaur eggs

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the 4^th paragraph?

A．Birds hardly pay attention to their young.

B．Baby crocodiles can look after themselves well.

C．Some dinosaurs took care of their young.

D．Birds and crocodiles take good care of their young.

【推荐1】Late blight (晚疫病) is a common disease of plants such as tomatoes and potatoes, capable of wiping out entire crops on commercial-sized fields. If conditions are favorable, it can quickly spread to other plants through wet soil and wind.

In history, late blight caused over 1 million deaths in Ireland. Today it still causes more than 6.7 billion dollars in annual losses worldwide. Small farms and growers are often the hardest hit, many stating losing almost two-thirds of their yearly production, because usually they don’t have money to identify and treat the disease.

But farmers may have a new weapon now. The technology, designed by researchers at North Carolina State University can recognize sick plants early by employing a piece of test paper that plugs into (接入) a reader on a smartphone.

Plants produce signaling chemicals from their leaves. “If a plant is diseased, the type and concentration of these chemicals changes,” said Wei Qingshan, an engineer at North Carolina State University. If the farmer suspects a late blight infection is underway, he can remove a leaf from a living plant and place it in a small, covered glass jar. After the leaf’s volatile (挥发性的) chemicals have accumulated for 15 minutes or so, the cap is removed and the air is pumped from the jar into a reader attached to the back of a smartphone. Inside the smartphone reader is a piece of paper specially treated with dyes (染料) by the researchers. Upon interacting (相互作用) with the plant’s volatile chemicals, the paper changes color to indicate the presence or absence of the late blight.

The researchers hope to tailor the technology for other crop diseases, which continue to appear as climate change and global trade increase the stress on agricultural systems. “This is an important step in the improvement of global food security,” Wei Qingshan said.

1. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The damage caused by late blight.

B．The money put into late blight treatment.

C．The number of crops in a commercial-sized field.

D．The yearly production of small farms and growers.

2. According to Wei Qingshan, how would a farmer find out if a plant was infected?

A．By treating the plant with special dyes.

B．By putting volatile chemicals on the plant.

C．By testing the air in the jar with a leaf inside.

D．By examining the land with a smartphone reader.

3. What do the researchers expect of their new technology?

A．It’ll reach farmers soon.

B．It’ll get rid of late blight.

C．It’ll be beneficial to the climate.

D．It’ll be able to detect more crop diseases.

4. What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To introduce a test method of late blight.

B．To explain the causes of late blight.

C．To discuss the effects of late blight.

D．To tell the history of late blight.

【推荐2】Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.

We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown: “ And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of ‘garbage in garbage out’.”

Mr. Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has something to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. Barry Brown: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is that they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it is going to the wrong place.”

Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on Driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.” It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.

Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better, we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.

1. In Para. 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to ______.

A．laugh at his stupid friend	B．describe an example of human error
C．build up his own reputation	D．prove the GPS system is only garbage

2. Which of the following statement would Barry Brown be most likely to agree with?

A．GPS units are to blame for the most GPS service failure.

B．We should introduce higher standard for the driving license.

C．Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems.

D．Some shortcomings of GPS equipment are more likely to result in service failure.

3. According to Barry and Eric, which of the following is NOT among the areas of GPS systems that may confuse drivers?

A．Wrong maps.	B．Out-dated maps.
C．Difficult instructions.	D．Timing of GPS commands.

4. What would be the best title for the text?

A．Driving with GPS Can Be Difficult.

B．Driving Confusions Can Be Caused By Small Screen.

C．Driving without GPS Should Be Much More Convenient.

D．GPS Equipment In Driving: To Be Deserted Or Improved.

【推荐3】The mirror self-recognition test was dreamed up in the 1960's by Gordon Gallup, Jr., _a scientist now with the State University of New York. Back then, he was a graduate student taking a course in psychology, and the students were asked to come up with an idea for an experiment.

“I was washing my face in front of a mirror one day, says Grallup. It occurred to me wouldn't il be interesting to see if other animals could recognize themselves in mirrors?"

Still looking at the mirror, he realized he could test an animal by secretly marking its face with some kind of red dye （染料）,to see if it could use the mirror to access these strange red marks.

No such test had been done before, even though people had long observed animals looking into mirrors. Most species tend to treat a mirror image as a stranger to be courted （献殷勤）or attacked. Some scientists thought that primates （灵长类）might do better. Charles Darwin once watched with interest as an orangutan （红毛猩猩）named Jenny made faces at a mirror.

When Gallup started doing experiments with chimps （黑猩猩）.a few years after he came up with his test, he found that at first the chimps acted as if the mirror image were another animal. But then, after a couple of days they began using the mirror to examine parts of their bodies like their teeth.

When Gallup put red dye on their faces, the chimps later woke up and reacted to the unexpected mirror image as if they understood that the marks were on their own faces.

In Gallup s view, only three species have mirror self-recognition： chimps, orangutans, and humans. Others, though, think the list is longer. Diana Reiss, a scientist at Hunter College, has tested both dolphins and elephants and believes that both show signs of recognizing themselves in mirrors.

1. Who first came up with the idea of the mirror self-recognition test?

A．A university student.	B．A zoo keeper in New York.
C．A teacher in Hunter College.	D．A scientist in a research organization.

2. What did Gordon Gallup intend the red dye for?

A．Marking his image in the mirror.

B．Marking his own face before washing.

C．Marking the face of the animal to be tested.

D．Marking an animal without self-recognition ability.

3. How did chimps react to their image in the mirror?

A．They showed no interest in it.

B．They examined that image carefully.

C．They took it as another animal al first.

D．They immediately recognized what il was.

4. Which of the following have been tested by Diana Reiss?

A．Orangutans.

B．Chimps.

C．Humans.

D．Elephants.