Tom goes everywhere with Catherine Green, a 54-year-old secretary. He moves around her office at work and goes shopping with her. "Most people don't seem to mind Tom," says Catherine, who thinks he is wonderful. "He's my fourth child," she says. She may think of him and treat him that way as her son, buying his food, paying his health bills and his taxes, but in fact Tom is a dog.
Catherine and Tom live in Sweden, a country where everyone is expected to lead an orderly life according to rules laid down by the government, which also provides a high level of care for its people. This level of care costs money.
People in Sweden pay taxes on everything, so aren't surprised to find that owning a dog means yet more taxes. Some people are paying as much as 500 Swedish kronor in taxes a year for the right to keep their dog, money that is spent by the government on dog hospitals and sometimes medical treatment for a dog that falls ill. However, most such treatment is expensive, so owners often decide to offer health and even life premium for their dog.
In Sweden dog owners must pay for any damage their dog does. A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car you, as the owner, have to pay for any damage done to the car, even if your dog has been killed in the accident.
1. The money paid as dog taxes is used to .A.provide medical care for dogs |
B.pay for damage done by dogs |
C.keep a high level of care for the people |
D.buy insurance for dog owners |
A.entertainment expense | B.medical check |
C.payment for risks | D.protection fee |
A.The government. |
B.The owner of the car. |
C.The insurance company. |
D.The owner of the dog. |
A.people care much about dogs |
B.keeping dogs means asking for trouble |
C.many car accidents are caused by dogs |
D.dogs are welcome in public places |
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【推荐1】The Arctic is a polar region. It surrounds the North Pole.
Like Antarctica, the Arctic is a land of ice and snow. Antarctica holds the record for a low temperature reading -125 degrees Fahrenheit below zero. Reading of 85 degrees below zero is common in Antarctica. Winter temperatures average 30 degrees below zero in the Arctic. At the South Pole the winter average is about 73 degrees below zero.
One thing alone makes it almost impossible for men to live in Antarctica and in parts of the Arctic. This one thing is the low temperature — the killing chill of far North and the polar South.
To survive, men must wear the warmest possible clothing. They must build windproof shelters. They must keep heaters going at all times. Not even for a moment can they be unprotected against the belowzero temperatures.
Men have a way of providing for themselves. Polar explorers wrap themselves in warm coats and furs. The cold makes life difficult. But the explorers can stay alive.
What about animals? Can they survive? Do we find plants? Do we find life in the Arctic and in Antarctica? Yes, we do. There is life in the oceans. There is life on land.
Antarctica, as we have seen, is a cold place indeed. But this has not always been the case. Expedition (探险) scientists have discovered that Antarctica has not always been a frozen continent. At one time the weather in Antarctica may have been much like our own.
Explorers have discovered coal in Antarctica. This leads them to believe that Antarctica at one time was a land of swamps and forests. Heat and moisture must have kept the trees in the forests alive.
1. The lowest temperature that man has ever known was recorded ________.A.in Antarctica | B.in the Arctic |
C.at the North Pole | D.in the polar region |
A.they are frozen |
B.they are wasted |
C.there are no life there |
D.they are extremely cold |
A.stay inside the building there |
B.have their own way to keep warm |
C.are stronger than other people |
D.have no heaters and windproof shelters |
A.The Arctic is colder than Antarctica. |
B.The history of the Arctic and Antarctica. |
C.The discovery in the Arctic and Antarctica. |
D.The environmental features in polar regions. |
【推荐2】Modern humans have only been around for some 300,000 years. That's just a flash in earth history. Still, we've left our mark on the planet, We've changed Earth's terrain(地形)and its chemistry. We've also affected the diversity, abundance and biomass(生物量)of many other species.
For example, between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago, half of Earth's large mammal(哺乳动物)species died out. Human activities, such as hunting or destroying habitats, seem to have largely driven that extinction. That's what a 2014 study concluded, at least. It is estimated that over humanity's history, 90 percent of animal biomass has disappeared.
The plant kingdom has taken a similar hit. Its mass has declined by half since humans began wandering the planet. Today, 43 percent of Earth's trees grow in the tropics. But human-caused climate change has been warming the high latitudes faster than the rest of the planet. As a result, more plants can move in and grow there. However, climate change and the cutting down of greenery at tropical sites have made some of those sites drier. So even if more land is warm enough to support trees, the total biomass of trees will fall.
By 2050,earth may host 9.7 billion people. Our human biomass by then still won't outweigh bacteria. But the balance of animals and plants may continue to shift so that we'll have even more livestock and crops and even less wildlife. This means the variety of life on Earth will decline. And that can be bad for the health of habitats.
Biomass studies such as these are one way to project what the future may look like, and how quickly major changes in species or ecosystems may occur. They also help us understand the role people are playing in these changes. That could help us learn what organisms(big or small)most need protecting.
1. What contributed to the distinction of many large mammal species?A.Human activities. | B.Lack of food | C.Natural disasters. | D.Poor adaptation. |
A.90%. | B.50%. | C.43%. | D.60%. |
A.Earth will be too crowded by 2050. | B.Bacteria will take over the world. |
C.Wildlife habitats will be protected. | D.Species will continue to die out. |
A.Climate. | B.Pollution. | C.Science. | D.Education. |
【推荐3】When you take a walk in any city, you often see a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true that a dog is the most useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why people keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against attacks by other beasts. Later they came to realize that a dog was not only useful for protection but willing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hunting, the dogs would not eat what was caught without permission.
These days people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks from animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is for companionship. For a child, a dog is a best friend when there are no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their natural children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.
1. According to the passage, in the old days people trained dogs ______ .A.for protection against robbery | B.just for fun |
C.for companionship | D.for protection against other animals |
A.native | B.advice | C.friendly relationship | D.usage |
A.they were good hunters | B.they obeyed their masters |
C.they were useful for protection | D.they did not eat other animals |
A.need companion | B.like children | C.enjoy hunting | D.want to protect themselves |
A.dogs can be helpful to those who need company | B.city people always feel lonely |
C.dogs can be boring | D.the city can be a very dangerous place |
【推荐1】Heritage sites of outstanding and universal value located along the African coast are at threat of rising sea levels, and increased climate change adaptation is urgently needed for the protection of the heritage sites, according to research.
The research, published last week by the University of Cape Town’s African Climate and Development Initiative, indicated that more heritage areas are exposed to flooding compared with erosion. Findings showed that 56 of 284 identified African heritage sites are at risk of a 100-year coastal extreme event. Furthermore, the researchers project the number of exposed sites to more than triple by 2050.
Michalis Vousdoukas, scientific officer at the European Commission and lead author of the report, said the Loss of forts and castles along the coast would have strong consequences not only for the people living in their neighborhood, but also the international community. He said many of the sites are deeply connected with peoples’ identity and tradition, and they are essential for social well-being, safe-guarding traditional knowledge and livelihoods.
The research findings highlight the urgent need for increased climate change adaptation for heritage sites in Africa, including governance and management approaches, site-specific vulnerability assessments, exposure monitoring and protection strategies. The findings also indicated that reducing greenhouse gas emissions would result in a 21 percent reduction of the median exposed area, as well as 25 percent fewer sites that would be highly exposed by the end of the century.
The National Museums of Kenya, a state corporation that manages cultural and natural heritage, is working with communities to conserve sites that are threatened by coastal flooding and erosion. Fatma Twahir, the chief curator (负责人) of heritage site Fort Jesus in Kenya’s coastal Mombasa city, told Kenya News Agency that the National Museums of Kenya has partnered with the cultural protection fund to train curators and communities living near the heritage sites to keep them safe.
1. What does the underlined word “event” refer to in the context?A.the natural disaster | B.the loss of forts and castles |
C.the international support | D.the environment adaptation measures |
A.Those forts and castles are of great economic value in terms of tourism. |
B.The loss of those sites would conceal the identity of the people living nearby. |
C.If the sites got damaged, the whole world would be influenced as well as the local. |
D.The protection of those sites is necessary for the safety of the whole continent. |
A.Monitoring all the heritage sites. |
B.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions. |
C.Assessing the short-term climate change. |
D.Developing new methods of governing their countries. |
【推荐2】If the poems you read at school made you think poetry is old-fashioned, here are four poets whose work will make you look at poetry in a different way.
Brian Bilston
Brian Bilston’s poetry is definitely more relevant to today’s issues. He covers subjects such as climate change, modern technology and international events. Although Brian uses rhyme in some of his work, it is extremely effective, especially as so many are humorous poems. He has a skill for word play. He also shares his poems online, making them more accessible to today’s audience.
Ada Limón
Ada is a well-known American poet, and has released several collections of poetry. Her poems are deeply rooted in nature, emotion and relatable metaphors (比喻). Her work feels like a natural progression from the poetry covered in schools. There is still an artistic weaving and careful placement of words, but the messages and inner meanings are more suitable for a modern audience.
Tracy K Smith
Tracy was the winner of the Best First Book by an African American poet, with her 2003 collection, The Body’s Question. Her poems cover important issues around race, family, going beyond from childhood into adulthood and much more. Each is easy to understand and relate to, while at the same time, deeply personal. She has a natural talent for connecting with her audience.
Mel Wardle Woodend
Mel has several published collections including two books for children, making poetry more accessible to them. She also has a collection called Just a Thought, which raises awareness of mental health issues. This topic was rarely discussed at school, so Mel’s work is progressive and inviting to those who may not tick the typical boxes of someone who enjoys poetry.
1. What is Brian Bilston’s poetry mainly concerned with?A.School life. | B.Today’s issues. |
C.Historic events. | D.Today’s audience. |
A.Brian Bilston. | B.Ada Limón. |
C.Tracy K Smith. | D.Mel Wardle Woodend. |
A.It appeals to school students. | B.It concerns mental health issues. |
C.It is intended for younger readers. | D.It is rarely discussed at school now. |
【推荐3】New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.
Hoppin’ John, American South
A major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas — symbolizing coins — and rice, frequently served with cooked greens — as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.
Twelve grapes, Spain
The people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready — peeling and seeding them — to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.
Tamales, Mexico
Tamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or a corn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors.
Soba noodles, Japan
In Japanese households, families cat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.
1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is ________.A.to show its deliciousness and sell well in market |
B.to cat and drink well and hope for a fancy new year |
C.to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from nature |
D.to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year |
A.Hoppin’ John. | B.Twelve grayes. |
C.Tamales. | D.Soba noodles. |
A.The US. | B.Mexico. | C.Spain. | D.Japan. |