【推荐3】Bad Dreams Are Good!
Most of us dream, whether we remember them or not. What are dreams for? A handful of _______ dominate. Sigmund Freud famously maintained that they reveal hidden truths and wishes. More recent research suggests that they may help us process intense emotions, or perhaps sort through and strengthen memories, or _______ random neuron (神经元) activity, or prepare responses to threatening situations. Others argue that dreams have no evolutionary function, but simply _______ personal concerns.
Despite being largely unsupported by _______, Freud’s view maintains strong following around the world. Researcher found that students in the U.S., South Korea, and India were much more likely to say that dreams reveal hidden truths than to accept better _______ theories. In the same study, respondents said that dreaming about a plane crash would cause them more _______ than an official warning about a terrorist attack. Even if dreams can’t foretell the future, they seem to _______ our shared fascinations. The majority of dreams occur during REM sleep (深度睡眠) cycles, of which the average person has four or five a night.
A study of Canadian university students found the most common dream topics include school, falling, being chased, and arriving too late for something. For all the commonalities dreams _______, they vary across time and culture—people who grew up watching black-and-white TV are more likely to dream in black and white. A 1958 study _______ that compared with Japanese people, Americans dreamed more about being locked up, losing a loved one, finding money, being _______ dressed or encountering a mad person. Japanese people were more likely to dream about school, trying repeatedly to do something, being paralyzed with fear, or “wild, violent beasts.” If human dreams sound _______, bear in mind that even negative ones can have positive effects.
In a study of students taking a French medical school entrance exam, 60 percent of the dreams they had beforehand _______ problem with the exam, such as being late or leaving an answer blank. But those who reported _______ about the exam, even bad ones, did better on it than those who didn’t. So the next time you dream about an education related experience in which you are unable to answer the questions or solve a problem, don’t _______: It’s probably totally meaningless. Then again, your brain might be practicing so you’ll be _______ if such an event ever comes to pass.
1. A.symptoms | B.reviews | C.conflicts | D.theories |
2. A.take place of | B.make peace with | C.make sense of | D.come up with |
3. A.stage | B.dramatize | C.horrify | D.recognize |
4. A.evidence | B.information | C.qualification | D.inquiry |
5. A.assumed | B.connected | C.confirmed | D.realized |
6. A.curiosity | B.anxiety | C.fancy | D.reluctance |
7. A.expect | B.endure | C.expose | D.employ |
8. A.exhibit | B.explain | C.supply | D.identify |
9. A.diagnosed | B.dismissed | C.denied | D.determined |
10. A.necessarily | B.independently | C.inappropriately | D.impersonally |
11. A.puzzling | B.exciting | C.depressing | D.amusing |
12. A.revealed | B.guaranteed | C.traced | D.involved |
13. A.grades | B.concerns | C.dreams | D.memories |
14. A.hesitate | B.worry | C.pause | D.laugh |
15. A.ready | B.eager | C.nervous | D.curious |