DAY 1: Arrive in Delhi
Today arrive in Delhi, the national capital of India. Upon arrival at the airport, our company representative will meet you and transfer you to the hotel for check-in.
Overnight at Delhi hotels
DAY 2: Delhi—Full-day tour(old& New Delhi tour)
Today morning have breakfast in the hotel. At 9:30, the tour guide will meet you at your hotel and later proceed for a full-day guided tour in Delhi starting with Old Delhi visiting Raj Gaht. Jama Masjid, driving past through the Red Fort. Later in New Delhi visit Humayun’s Tomb, India Gate, drive past through Parliament Street and President House and visit Qutub Minar.
Overnight at Delhi hotels
DAY 3: Delhi-Jaipur via Fitehpur Sikri(240 km/5 hours)
Today morning after breakfast. drive to Jaipur, the capita] city of Rajsthan state. Jaipur is also known as “Pink City”. En route visit Fatehpur Sikri, known as Ghost. Later continue the drive to Jaipur. Upon arrival, check in at the hotel. Evening: free at leisure for your own activities.
Optional: visits to Chokhi Dhani Village Resort(US $25 per person)
Overnight at Jaipur hotels
DAY 4：Delhi(256 km/5 hours)
Today morning after breakfast, drive back to Delhi airport. The total distance is 256 kms and you can cover it in 5 hours. Upon arrival in Delhi, board flight to onward journey.
NOTE: Price starts with US $ 215 with
●Daily breakfast and soft beverages(饮料) and packaged drinking water.
●Elephant rides at Amber Fort.
●Sunset or sunrise visits to Taj MahaL
●All entrance fees to the monuments and train tickets.
1. On which day can you visit Qutub Minar?| A．DAY 1 | B．DAY 2 |
| C．DAY 3 | D．DAY 4 |
| A．The whole journey covers 496 km |
| B．Travelers will stay in Delhi for two nights |
| C．Travelers will fly to Delhi airport on DAY 4 |
| D．Travelers will be made to buy things on DAY 3 |
| A．a sunrise visit to Taj Mahal |
| B．elephant riding at Amber Fort |
| C．visits to Chokhi Dhani Village Resort |
| D．breakfast and packaged drinking water |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Tourism is a leisure activity, whose prework means just the opposite. Acting as a tourist is one of the clear characteristics of being "modern" and the popular concept of tourism is that, it is organized within particular place and occurs for a period of time, which is arranged beforehand. Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places, of residence and work, and are of a short-term and temporary nature, and there is a clear intention to return home within a relatively short period of time.
Modern societies engage in such tourist practices. New socialized forms of transportation and hotel facilities have developed in order to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation (期望) especially through daydreaming and fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different senses from those who have been there. Such anticipation is also constructed and stays through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming.
Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are thought to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday life. People hang around these sights in a way that they would not normally do in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through photographs, postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly reproduced and recaptured.
One of the earliest research paper on the subject of tourism is Boorstin's analysis of the "pseudo-event" (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience "reality" directly but are happy with "pseudo-events". Isolated from the host environment and the local people, the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure in fake or man-made attractions, and is cheated into enjoying the pseudo-events and disregarding the real world outside. Over time the images generated of different tourist sights lead to a closed self- perpetuating(自我延续的)system of a false belief that provides the tourist with the basis for selecting or deciding potential places to visit. Such visits are made, says Boorstin, within the "environmental bubble" of the familiar American style hotel which keeps the tourist from the strangeness of the host environment.
1. In the 1st paragraph, the author wants to say that before you travel to a new place _______.| A．making a careful travel plan is necessary |
| B．planning travel involves time and thought |
| C．getting travel tips from your friends may save time |
| D．choosing unusual tourist attractions makes a trip memorable |
| A．traveling to an unfamiliar place is a pleasant change from everyday routine |
| B．new environmental scenes in a different place will become more attractive |
| C．tourists should find the native people and share with them ideas and experience |
| D．travelling is to see landmarks and discover unknown ways of life and values |
| A．when travelling, many tourists will miss their homes and friends |
| B．visiting popular tourist attractions is only a waste of time |
| C．the virtue of travel is to interact with a culture different from your own |
| D．American tourists like to visit familiar places when they travel outside |
| A．Tourism, an Outlook on Different Life |
| B．Tourism, a Direct Hug of Nature |
| C．Tourism, a New Relation to Familiar Sights |
| D．Tourism, a False Belief about the World |
【推荐2】Which city would you prefer to visit, London or Paris? London had welcomed 16.8 million foreign visitors in 2014, compared with 15.2 million visitors to Paris, according to a new report released by UK research firm Euromonitor International in January.
Boris Johnson, London’s mayor, is very proud. “With so many fascinating museums, the best theater scene in the world, more green space than any other European city, numerous top sporting venues, a low crime rate and much else besides, it is no wonder that people from all over the globe are flocking (蜂拥) to London in record numbers. These figures prove that London is without doubt the greatest city on the planet,” he told The Telegraph.
However, Paris’ mayor, Anne Hidalgo, is not as pleased. “London is in some ways a suburb of Paris,” she said. The Huffington Post used the word “bickering” to describe these back-and-forth insults (侮辱). It refers to arguments about unimportant things, like small children fighting over a toy, or lovers arguing over the TV remote.
France and Britain are separated only by the English Channel. For centuries, they fought over territory (领土). But in fact, Paris and London are very similar. Both are centers of fashion and the arts. Even their most famous landmarks are a little similar — the Palace of Versailles outside Paris and Buckingham Palace in London, for example.
That’s the trouble – they’re as good as each other. As the Daily Mail put it: London and Paris are “head-to-head” in their battle for supremacy. In fact, visitors to these great cities love them equally.Hidalgo also wrote an article in The Telegraph, but changed her words slightly: “London is a suburb of Paris and Paris is a suburb of London.” Does this mean these two cities could one day “grow up”, stop bickering, and become friends.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?| A．Paris welcomed more foreign visitors than London did last year. |
| B．Anne Hidalgo didn’t respond to Boris Johnson’s remarks about London. |
| C．Boris Johnson is too modest when talking about the characteristics of London. |
| D．The author thinks it meaningless to argue whether Paris is better than London or vice versa. |
| A．jealousy | B．quarreling |
| C．embarrassment | D．misunderstanding |
| A．showed an objective attitude toward London and Paris. |
| B．avoided comparing London with Paris. |
| C．displayed Paris’ beauty in many different ways. |
| D．defended her idea that Paris is better than London. |
【推荐3】When Joy Ryan set out to visit all 63 national parks with her grandson Brad, traveling during a global pandemic wasn’t on the to-do list. But seven years—and countless hours spent in the air and on the road—later, the 93-year-old grandma and her grandson have reached their final and most remote destination: the National Park of American Samoa.
In 2015, their journey began, when Brad discovered that his grandmother had never visited a mountain in person. He invited her on a road trip to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which is between North Carolina and Tennessee, and after that, the pair kept planning more trips.
The journey to the South Pacific wasn’t an easy one. The National Park of American Samoa is the only U.S. national park south of the equator, also making it the furthest from Ohio, where Joy resides. The adventurous pair touched down late Monday after nearly three days of travel with breaks in between.
“We took a two-day break in Oahu before boarding our final flight to Pago Pago, American Samoa, on Monday. Three flights and nearly seventeen flying hours were required before we touched down in American Samoa on Monday evening,” Brad said.
Visiting national park number 63 is a “bittersweet” milestone, Brad continued. It marks both the end of their mission and a historic achievement for Joy, who officially became the oldest person to visit all 63 national parks.
“Standing at the finish line in American Samoa affirms that seemingly impossible goals are in fact possible if you pursue them with passion and pure intention,” Brad said. “Grandma Joy has taught the world that you are never too old to show up and live the adventurous life of your dreams. It has been the greatest privilege of my life to be in the driver’s seat as Grandma Joy made history to become the oldest person to achieve this ambition.”
1. What inspired Joy Ryan and her grandson Brad to start their journey?| A．A goal to visit the most remote parks. | B．A desire to escape the global pandemic. |
| C．A friend’s invitation to explore the South Pacific. | D．Brad’s realization that Joy hadn’t been to a mountain. |
| A．The long distance. | B．The inconvenient transport. |
| C．The financial burden. | D．Their lacking in experience. |
| A．It marks the end of a difficult journey during the pandemic. |
| B．She achieved her personal goal of visiting all national parks. |
| C．It was done with the company of her grandson. |
| D．She became the first person to visit all national parks. |
| A．It is never too old for us to learn new things. |
| B．It is wise and thrilling to pursue practical goals. |
| C．Family members are those who we can always rely on. |
| D．Passion and intention lead to remarkable accomplishments. |
【推荐1】With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded (重新野化), in large part due to the efforts of jays, which actually “engineered” these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-off approach and that jays can shed some of their bad reputations.
The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grassland—both lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspected that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.
Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.
“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six decades,” the researchers explained in the study.
Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment—which is good news, as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipated. However, animals—Eurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrels—also played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed for the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.
1. What does the underlined word “shed” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Be opposed to. |
| B．Be ashamed of. |
| C．Get used to. |
| D．Get rid of. |
| A．The scale of the woodlands. |
| B．The diversity of the fields. |
| C．The rate of the changes. |
| D．The frequency of the wilderness. |
| A．The woodland restoration was approaching the structure of long-established ones. |
| B．Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds. |
| C．Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishment. |
| D．How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time. |
| A．The essential role of humans in the reforestation. |
| B．The factors that contribute to the reforestation. |
| C．The importance of woodland establishment. |
| D．The threats faced by a handful of wild animals. |
【推荐2】Do animals have feelings?
People often assign feelings to animals. That zoo polar bear’s vacant stare must mean he’s sad. The uh-oh expression a dog flashes after knocking over the garbage indicates shame. But scientists haven’t determined whether these human-like expressions really mean anything. After all, it’s very difficult to read a dog’s mind.
Scientists believe that certain brain cells in humans called spindle cells (棱形细胞) are responsible for human social behavior and the interplay between thoughts and feelings. Studies have revealed that chimpanzee, dolphin and whale brains also possess spindle cells.
Even animals that don’t have spindle cells, such as dogs, have shown behaviors that can suggest a human-like social sense.
Observations of apes have also revealed behavior that appears to represent various human-like desires. In some tests, chimpanzees demonstrate what looks like altruism (利他主义) helping their own kind and even other species without the expectation of a reward.
| A．Although these are all animals that can act people-like, the presence of these cells does not mean that the animals have feelings. |
| B．Anyone who claims to know what animals feel doesn’t have science on their side. |
| C．In recent experiments, dogs have shown that they know to follow a human’s pointed finger to find a food treat. |
| D．Many people think that empathy is a special emotion only humans show. |
| E．Other experiments have cast doubt that animal behavior can reliably signify an underlying feeling. |
| F．This illustrates the difficulty in accurately interpreting animal behavior as a marker of human-like feelings. |
【推荐3】In America’s retirement crisis, women get the short end of the stick. While women have a lifetime to build up their wealth, there are several factors that impact their ability to achieve economic security into retirement.
Retirement is a gender (性别) issue. Wealth is accumulated by saving and long-term investing, but women are at a disadvantage compared with men. A TIAA report found that if two recent college graduates, a man and a woman, want to have the same amount saved for retirement, it would take about 18% of the woman’s salary to equal 10% of the man’s salary. The reasons are simple. Women are usually paid less and tend to receive fewer salary increases. And women usually retire relatively earlier, so this gives them less time to accumulate wealth. Women have longer life expectancy. As a result, they often face financial instability in retirement.
Investing is another issue. While the investing industry would tell you we’re gender-neutral, 99% of investment dollars are managed at companies owned by white men, 98% of mutual (互助) fund dollars are managed by men, 90% of traders are men, and 86% of financial advisors are men. Maybe the reason women aren’t investing as much is that it is dominated by men.
The pandemic has a greater impact on women. Women who are privileged enough to work from home have lost productivity by double-digit percent, while men have gained productivity, like gains of 50%. The promotions that have occurred during the pandemic had gone something like 3-to-1 to men. A large number of women work in industries that have been deeply affected by the pandemic, including hospitality, retail, restaurants and caregiving, occupations that require in-person work. With these businesses having to either lay off employees or temporarily shut down, and with domestic and caretaker responsibilities, many women have opted to leave the workforce altogether.
How can the retirement risks women face be relieved? That’s what the government should take into consideration.
1. All the following factors contribute to women’s financial risks in retirement EXCEPT ________.| A．women are generally paid less than men |
| B．women live longer than men on average |
| C．women save more of their salaries than men |
| D．women may retire a few years earlier than men |
| A．Women happily choose to work at home. |
| B．Their income is reduced more than ever before. |
| C．Women’s productivity has been reduced to 50% online. |
| D．Only one third of women get the chance to be promoted. |
| A．Be at a disadvantage. | B．Be in a great dilemma. |
| C．Travel a short distance. | D．Become unable to reach one’s goal. |
| A．Whether women are still being discriminated. |
| B．Why women face more retirement risks than men. |
| C．How the government can handle the retirement risks. |
| D．Why women should take measures to solve their retirement problems. |
【推荐1】Coffee chains create a lot of waste, from disposable take-away cups to the used grounds that are sent to landfills. Starbucks has started to try recyclable alternatives to the disposable cups. But the used coffee is often unnoted.
The world drinks around 2 billion cups of coffee a day, producing 6 million tons of used grounds every year. When they go to landfills, the grounds release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.
UK Bio-bean has found a way to turn that waste into a valuable resource. At Bio-bean, used coffee grounds are processed to remove paper cups or plastic bags, and then passed through a dryer and a further screening process. They are finally processed into the fuel. Coffee Log.
"Coffee is highly calorific and lends itself to being a really fantastic fuel," says May. director of Bio-bean. "They burn about 20% hotter and 20% longer than wood logs do."
While these fuels release greenhouse gases when burned, if they replace other carbon-based fuels. Bio-bean estimates that the recycling process reduces emissions （排放）by 80% compared with sending the grounds to landfills.
Founded in 2013 Bio-bean grew rapidly, launching coffee collection services across the UK and building the world's first coffee recycling factory only two years later. In 2016 they launched their first product, Coffee Log, and are now ready to launch their first natural flavouring ingredient into the food and drink industry.
“We've really managed to succeed with our innovation because we've managed to get to scale. What started as a good idea is today the UK's largest recycler of coffee grounds. We are turning 7,000 tons of those grounds per year into the fuel," says George May. "Despite being delayed by the COVID-19, we plan to expand our operation into northwestern Europe within the next five years."
1. What do the first two paragraphs suggest?| A．It’s necessary to limit coffee consumption. |
| B．Drinking coffee is popular around the world. |
| C．Measures should be taken to recycle coffee waste. |
| D．Coffee grounds are the main cause of global warming. |
| A．A solid fuel. | B．A natural food. |
| C．A cup of hot coffee. | D．A tree trunk. |
| A．It is a high-tech company with a long history. |
| B．It is a promising recycler of coffee grounds. |
| C．It is started to produce coffee and fuels. |
| D．It's developing faster than Starbucks. |
| A．Give accurate measurement. | B．Cover a wide range. |
| C．Do mass production. | D．Classify different grades. |
【推荐2】To describe the sorrow of bookstores is to join the dirge-singing chorus. Everyone knows the tune: sales at bookstores have fallen because buyers are ordering books online or downloading them to e-readers. Bookstores may be great places to browse and linger, but online is where the deals are. In the latest chapter in the Borders legend, the bookstore chain has agreed to sell its assets（资产）for $215m to Direct Brands, a media-distribution company owned by Najafi, a private-equity firm, which would also assume an additional $220m in liabilities（债务）. This will serve as the opening bid for the company’s bankruptcy-court auction（拍卖），scheduled for July 19th.
Whatever happens at the auction will decide the fate of the bookseller, which has already closed more than a third of its stores. Because Direct Brands is an online and catalogue-based distributor of music. DVDs and books, some think that a deal with Najafi will do little to keep the remaining bookstores open. Rather, the company will probably see value in the Borders distribution network and liquidate（清算）almost everything else. Regardless, the story doesn’t look good for store employees and their shrinking customers.（The company, which employs more than 11,000 people, has racked up more than $191m in losses since seeking bankruptcy protection in February, according to the Wall Street Journal.）
Nashville, Tennessee, is still facing several bookstore closings, including a Borders and the more beloved Davis-Kidd. The result, as reported in the Nashville Scene, is an“object lesson in how truly awful it is to live in a town where used bookstores and the pitiful offerings of Books-a-Million are all we have.”The problem, however, is that no one seems willing to buy full-price books anymore. Campaigns to get people to buy books from their local bookstores—such as“Save Bookstores Day”on June 25th—miss the point. While there is a demand for real bcicks-and-mortar places to gather, drink coffee and read new books, such places can’t exist if the market can’t accommodate them.
Besides coffee, access to Wi-Fi and yoga mat, what will people pay for to enable a bricks-and-mortar bookstore? Could independent stores charge membership fees, which grant access to books at slightly lower prices? Would a corporate-sponsorship model work? Perhaps bookstores could become tax-subsidized（补贴税收的）places where people can browse and linger, but only borrow the books for limited periods of time—what the hell, let’s call them libraries.
At any rate, the market is squeezing out a meaningful public space. It will be interesting to see what fills the void（真空）these bookstores leave behind.
1. According to Paragraph 1, Borders went bankruptcy because ______.| A．its bookstores are not cozy enough to stay |
| B．a media-distribution company has purchased it |
| C．customers tend to buy books online or read e-books |
| D．online bookstores have totally replaced it |
| A．people in Nashville have protested against bookstore closings |
| B．the campaign to save bookstores did have some effect |
| C．people’s reluctance to buy full-price books is a reason for bookstore closings |
| D．people in Nashville feel indifferent to the bookstore closings |
| A．Local business and government should help out. |
| B．There is no proper and feasible method by now. |
| C．Bookstores should learn management from libraries. |
| D．Bookstores should enlarge entertainment places. |
| A．Goodbye to Bookstores |
| B．Online Reading or Buying Books from Bookstores? |
| C．The Bankruptcy of Borders |
| D．How to Save Bookstores from Closing? |
【推荐3】If you have ever had a cat, or have watched one of the many funny cat videos online, you’ll know that cats have a mind of their own. A lot of the things they do are hard to understand---they like to climb up tall furniture, fit themselves in small spaces and attack small objects for no reason at all.
Now scientists have managed to figure out what exactly is going on in the brains of our little friends. According to Tony Buffington, a professor at Ohio State University in the US, cats’ strange behavior largely comes from their way of life back in the wild. “Cats today still have many of the same instincts(本能)that allowed them to live in the wild for millions of years.” he said in a TED Talk. “To them, our homes are their jungles.”
In the wild, cats are hunters. Their bodies and great balancing abilities allow them to climb to high spots to better look at the environment. Even though they don’t have to hunt any more in human houses, they still keep the old habit of viewing the living room from, for example, the top of the refrigerator.
Cats’ hunting instinct is also what makes them attack small things like keys and USB drives. In the wild, they hunt whatever they can get, and most of the animals they kill are small.
However, cats can also be prey. This explains why they like to stay in small spaces like drawers or washing machines---they are hiding, or they think they are hiding, from more dangerous animals. This is also why cats prefer a clean box: a smelly one could easily show enemies where they are.
Knowing how cats’ minds work is not only useful for better understanding them. It may also help cats’ owners to better meet cats’ needs. For example, owners could try to make climbing easier for cats by moving their furniture around. They could also use “food puzzles” to make eating feel more like hunting instead of just giving food to the cats.
1. According to Tony Buffington, ________.| A．cats’ strange behavior is hard for people to understand |
| B．cats are more used to living in the wild than in humans’ homes |
| C．cats behave strangely mainly because of some instincts in the wild |
| D．cats’ instincts are as helpful to them today as they were millions of year ago |
| A．Cats like to climb up high because they want to hide from dangerous animals. |
| B．Cats attack keys and USB drives because they have a habit of hunting small animals. |
| C．Cats enjoy staying in small spaces because they usually live in small caves in the wild. |
| D．Cats’ preference for a clean box probably has something to do with their hunting instincts. |
| A．an animal that is too lazy |
| B．an animal that likes hiding games |
| C．an animal that keeps itself clean |
| D．an animal that is hunted |
| A．explore the reasons behind cats’ strange behavior |
| B．describe cats’ past wild experience to readers |
| C．tell cat owners how to make life easier for cats |
| D．compare cats’ behavior in human homes with that in the wild |
【推荐1】Shortage of Primary Care Threatens Health Care System
Increasing health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.
Primary care should be the support of any health care system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.
A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The surprising finding was that the average Medicate patient saw a total of seven doctors - two primary care physicians and five specialists - in a given year.
Contrary to popular belief, the more physicians taking care of you doesn't guarantee better care. Actually, increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical errors.
How did we take little care of primary care? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he's reimbursed. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily toward medical or surgical procedures.
A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patient's disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to randomly cut reimbursements, physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.
Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.
Medical students aren't blind to this action. They know how heavily the reimbursement is against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doctors.
How do we fix this problem?
It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attractive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.
We’re at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 million Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.
Who will be there to treat them?
1. The author’s chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is _________.| A．the ever-rising health care costs | B．the declining number of doctors |
| C．the inadequate training of physicians | D．the shrinking primary care resources |
| A．the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better |
| B．visiting doctors on a regular basis ensures good health |
| C．seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errors |
| D．the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cure. |
| A．make various deals with specialists | B．improve their expertise and service |
| C．see more patients at the expense of quality | D．increase their income by working overtime |
| A．Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases. |
| B．Recruit more medical students by offering them loans. |
| C．Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major. |
| D．Bridge the salary gap between specialists and primary care physicians. |
【推荐2】Alzheimer's AI
An estimated 5.7 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimer's disease-the most common type of dementia(痴呆）－and that number is expected to more than double by 2050. Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimer's based on brain imaging.
Researchers at the University of California,San Francisco, have now successfully trained an AI algorithm(算法）to recognize one of the early signs of Alzheimer's-a reduction in the brain's glucose（葡萄糖）consumption-in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
The algorithm accurately predicted an eventual Alzheimer's diagnosis in nearly all the test cases, according to the study. In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism(新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities. PET is well suited for an AI diagnostic tool because Alzheimer's leads to subtle changes in the brain's metabolism that begin years before neural(神经的） tissue starts to go downhill, says study co-author Jae Ho Sohn,a radiologist at UCSF. These changes are "very hard for radiologists to pick up,"he notes.
The algorithm was trained and tested on 2,100 PET brain images from about 1,000 people 55 years and older. The images came from a 12-year study that tracked people who would ultimately be diagnosed with Alzheimer's, as well as those with mild memory declines and healthy control participants. The algorithm was trained on 90 percent of the data and tested on the remaining 10 percent. It was then retested on a second, independent data set from 40 patients monitored for 10 years. The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimer's six years later, on average. The findings were published in February in Radiology.
The algorithm is based on "deep learning ,a machine-learning technique that uses artificial neural networks programmed to learn from examples. "This is one of the first promising,preliminary(初步的） applications of deep learning to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's," says Christian Salvatore, a physicist at Italy's National Research Council, who was not involved in the study. “The model performs very well when identifying patients with mild or late diagnoses", he says, “but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field."
1. People are increasingly interested in using AI to identify Alzheimer's because______| A．the number of people suffering from dementia is more than doubling |
| B．diagnostic methods that are both reliable and convenient are in need |
| C．there are only a limited number of effective therapies for the patients |
| D．diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through AI is still an unexplored area |
| A．It recognizes the worsening of the neural tissue. |
| B．It reduces the glucose consumption in the brain. |
| C．It changes the pattern of the brain's metabolism. |
| D．It photographs various kinds of cellular activities. |
| A．90% of the people in the study were trained on the algorithm |
| B．the participants in the study consist of people both young and old |
| C．81% of the people in the first test group were diagnosed with Alzheimer's |
| D．the algorithm managed to recognize all the patients in the second test group |
| A．The algorithm serves as a promising treatment of Alzheimer's. |
| B．Deep learning has been widely applied in diagnosing Alzheimer's. |
| C．To detect Alzheimer's in its earliest stages calls for more exploration. |
| D．Whether to use the model to detect Alzheimer's remains a critical issue. |
【推荐3】George, once known as “Midnight Memory Maker,” had been given away after his original owner, Todd Mathieson, died and his wife, Diane, could no longer care for him. She found a new home for George so that he could continue to race for a number of years.
In September, 2018, George was turned over to the Animal Rescue League (ARL) of Boston. When he arrived at the league’s adoption center in Dedham, he was slightly underweight, and in need of medical care. But, over all, he was in good health, the league said.
George recuperated (休养) for a few months in Dedham before being put into foster care. “He was highly intelligent, elegant, well-trained and had clearly known love. He was very engaged with humans,” Cordula Robinson, George’s foster parent, said in the statement.
Robinson wanted to help George go home. She contacted animal rescue agencies up and down the East Coast to see if anyone recognized him. To her surprise, someone from New Jersey recognized George as once belonging to Todd Mathieson. He was well known and owned a stable in Connecticut, said Michael DeFina, a spokesman for the ARL. George is notable for his distinctive colors, such as white patches on his hooves (蹄子) that look “like socks,” DeFina said. They went through show photos to confirm George’s identity and contacted his original hostess.
Diane Mathieson was “overwhelmed and ecstatic (欣喜若狂)” about the possibility of reuniting with George.
After 13 years apart, George was transported to his family in Ocala, Florida, where he will enjoy his retirement. “He seems to be walking taller,” Diane said.
1. Why was George given away by his original family?| A．He was a trouble-maker in the community. | B．He often got lost for his poor memory. |
| C．The family couldn’t provide enough care. | D．His wife had found him a new home. |
| A．Bring him to the adoption center. | B．Help his reunion with the family. |
| C．Take some show photos for him. | D．Build an elegant stable for him. |
| A．Todd Mathieson. | B．Cordula Robinson. |
| C．Michael DeFina. | D．Diane Mathieson. |
| A．He used to be a race horse. | B．He enjoyed his retirement. |
| C．He lost both of his parents. | D．He was hard to recognize. |
