Are children becoming addicted to the Internet?
Children are becoming addicted to the Internet and for many it is one drug that can’t be beaten. Not all children, but an alarming number of them are being swept up in this age of digital information.
Websites like Myspace, Youtube, and Facebook, are becoming so popular that many kids can’t help but to be addicted to them just in order to fit. Why not become part of a society where you judged by how many friends on a friend list ? What has become of the world , when instead of calling your best friend on the phone you send them a message electronically and wait around for hours to see if they get on and read it ?Often on the web there just aren’t enough adults setting kids straight and too many teenagers causing trouble .
However, it is biased to claim all kids are addicted, or even that all kids who are addicted to the web are negatively affected by it. While the web can be a large waste pool of negative influence, it is also a wealth of positive knowledge, friendly social networking, and even gateways to future employment. Perhaps it isn’t so important whether or not a child is addicted to the web and more important that parents know exactly what the kids are doing there.
Many computers have optional parent controls that allow parents to block the children from entering certain types of sites, or even individual ones. Such programs are unfortunately not used enough by today’s parents, who in many cases are caught up on computers themselves. All one needs to do is google search parental controls and you will be provided with any number of companies that can help with programs for tracing child activity and, if necessary, limit time spent on the Internet .
1. The following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT____________.A.the fact of the matter is that today’s kids are becoming addicted to the Internet at an alarming rate |
B.many parents aren’t skilled enough at the computer |
C.many children are addicted some website because they want to follow the fashion |
D.all of the kids are negatively affected by surfing the Internet |
A.many websites like Myspace ,Youtube, and Facebook are so popular but the kids won’t be addicted to them |
B.there are many adults teaching kids how to behave on the websites like Myspace, Youtube, and Facebook |
C.the young can’t resist the attraction of some websites like Myspace, Youtube, and Facebook |
D.the young prefer calling friends to sending them a message on some websites like Myspace, Youtube, and Facebook |
A.all of the kids are addicted to the Internet |
B.all of the websites are dangerous for the kids |
C.we should keep the kids away from the Internet |
D.the kids can also benefit from the Internet |
A.one-sided | B.reasonable |
C.true | D.objective |
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【推荐1】“You’ll get square eyes!” my mother used to say as I sat for hour after hour glued to the TV. I ignored her, of course. Past-forward a few decades and now I’m the parent. My 5-year-old lives in a world where screens aren’t fixed pieces of furniture. You can’t even avoid them by going outside. Screens are not only in our pockets; they’re everywhere.
The concerns have grown with the screens. In the past decade, we have heard that they will damage our mental health. Many of us feel more distracted by them, feeling guiltier and more tired as a result.
The apps and websites we can access on our phones have also sparked widespread concern. Big tech companies are also good at making use of our need for social recognition, hooking us on likes, retweets and follower counts. Social media has created a culture of mass narcissism (自恋), which has led many to worry about the emotional stresses on teenagers. A quick online search brings up dozens of papers linking screen use or social media with harmful effects on mental health, including depression and suicide.
Such statements are alarming. They are also widely believed, thanks to popular books like iGen by Jean Twenge, which claims that digital technology has ruined a generation. Yet, Amy Orben at the University of Oxford, who studies the impact of digital technology and social media in particular on mental health, holds different views. She claims that the underlying data can be used to tell different stories. She also spotted shortcomings in several large studies that claimed to show correlations (相关性) between the use of devices with screens and depression in users.
Twenge stands by her own finding, pointing in turn to what she considers flaws in Orben’s research methods. For David Max, at Royal College of Child Health in London, the effect of screen time and social media use on mental health remains speculative. “We cannot regard social media overall as good or bad,” says Davie. “We don’t know whether in individual cases social media is not responsible,” he says.
The explosion of mobile phone use has revolutionized our lives. I can download movies, write articles, communicate with my family and broadcast to the world all at the push of a button. Rather than impose constraints (限制), we should take a look at our use of screens and ask how they fit with the activities and lifestyle.
Every new technology with widespread impact has given rise to new fears. So the best bet may simply be to ask yourself what level of screen use makes you and those around you happy and try to stick to it. If you find yourself over addictive, don’t panic—and certainly don’t feel guilty. Nobody knows anything worth getting scared about.
1. According to the passage, people give likes, retweet or count followers to __________.A.share one’s lifestyles | B.show respect for others |
C.seek social recognition | D.relieve emotional stresses |
A.doubtful | B.specific |
C.important | D.abstract |
A.Teenagers are more affected by screen use both physically and mentally. |
B.Orben claims it is far too early to blame screen use for ruining a generation. |
C.Big tech companies help to produce many research papers on mental health. |
D.Twenge mainly introduces the overall benefits of digital technology in her books. |
A.encourage readers to reduce the time of screen use |
B.share different opinions on the effects of screen use |
C.explain why screen use may have negative effects on people |
D.relieve people’s concerns and worries about the use of screens |
【推荐2】An artificial intelligence chatbot (聊天机器人) called TacoBot from fast food chain Taco Bell now lets you order a meal in a smartphone text exchange that might look something like this:
TacoBot: Hello there. I’m your TacBot. I can help you order a meal for you or your team.
You: Can I order one soft taco (墨西哥煎玉米卷) with beef?
TacoBot: Sounds good. Do you want to keep adding stuff? Maybe some bacon?
Brands like Taco Bell and some tech companies are betting that more and more people will start using this conversational way of interacting online instead of clicking through on-screen menus.
If the trend catches on --- as firms like Facebook and Microsoft expect --- it could transform the digital landscape by allowing smartphone users to find information or make purchases with simple text messages, ignoring apps and search engines. Among the companies already developing or launching chatbots are the Wall Street Journal, CNN and retail giants Sephora and H&M.
“I believe we are headed to a shift where this will become one of the primary ways we interact with the digital world,” says Mark Beccue of Mark Beccue Consulting, who follows trends in the messaging market. “The chat user interface (界面) is what makes sense for a mobile-first world. You can be more specific and be quicker.”
Messaging services have become a natural place for chatbots to reside (居住), since their usage is growing: at least 1.4 billion people used a messaging app last year. According to Business Insider Intelligence, messaging apps have overtaken the largest social networks in the world.
The messaging service Kik meanwhile launched its own “bot shop”, with partners including retailers and game developers. Kik said the move was a response to the trend people using fewer apps and spending more time on chat platforms. “There’s nothing to download, no new registration required, and you can use an interface you’re already familiar with: chat,” Kik said in a statement.
However, some analysts remain skeptical on chatbots as the wave of the future. Jan Dawson of Jackdaw Research said the movement is largely driven by Microsoft and Facebook, two firms which would like a greater presence in mobile even though they don’t control the biggest smartphone operating systems. “There’s a lot of hype (炒作) around chatbots,” Dawson said.
Artificial intelligence has come a long way with systems like Apple’s Siri, Amazon’s Alexa and Microsoft’s Cortana, but still cannot deal with all possible situations, says Roger Kay of Endpoint Technologies Associates. “There’s a kind of hubris (自大) that someone could expand the one-to-many communication method to every human interaction,” Kay said.
1. Why does the author mention the smartphone text exchange at the beginning?A.To indicate that more and more people begin to hate ordering food by clicking online. |
B.To reflect that Taco Bell is turning to a new sales method to compete in the market. |
C.To inform the readers of a convenient way to purchase what they want online. |
D.To show that chatbot will become more and more popular among people. |
A.using chatbots has been a main way we interact with the digital world |
B.messaging apps still haven’t taken the place of social networks at present |
C.people could use chatbots by downloading messaging apps on the Internet. |
D.Microsoft thinks that tech companies should no longer develop search engines. |
A.more and more people tend to use fewer apps |
B.chatbots are more convenient to use than some apps |
C.some tech companies have developed their own chatbots |
D.people are accustomed to chatting in an interactive way |
A.ambitious | B.commercial | C.ridiculous | D.theoretical |
【推荐3】“Is data the new oil?” asked advocates of big data back in 2012 in Forbes magazine. By 2016, with the rise of big data’s fast-growing cousin deep learning, we had become more certain: “Data is the new oil,” stated Fortune magazine.
Amazon’s Neil Lawrence has a slightly different comparison: Data is coal. Not coal today, though, but coal in the early days of the 18th century, when Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine. Newcomen built his device to pump water out of the southwest’s rich tin (锡) mines.
The problem, as Lawrence said, was that the pump was rather more useful to those who had a lot of coal than those who didn’t: it was good, but not good enough to be able to buy enough coal in to run it. That was so true that the first of Newcomen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine, but in coal works near Dudley.
So why is data coal? The problem is similar: there are a lot of Newcomen in the world of deep learning. New companies are coming up with revolutionary new ways to train machines to do impressive tasks, from reconstructing facial data from images to learning the writing style of an individual user to better predict which word they are going to type in a sentence. And yet, like Newcomen, their innovations are so much more useful to the people who actually have large amounts of raw material to work from.
But there is an ending to the story: 69 years later, James Watt made a nice change to the Newcomen steam engine, adding a condenser (冷凝器) to the design. That change, Lawrence said, “made the steam engine much more efficient, and that’s what triggered the industrial revolution.”
Whether data is oil or coal, then, there’s another way the comparison holds up: a lot of work is going into trying to make sure we can do more, with less.
“If you look at all the areas where deep learning is successful, they’re all areas where there’s lots of data,” points out Lawrence. That’s great if you want to classify images of cats, but less helpful if you want to use deep learning to diagnose rare illnesses. “It’s generally considered unacceptable to force people to become sick in order to acquire data.”
It’s not as impressive as teaching a computer to play a game better than any human alive, but “data efficiency” is a vital step if deep learning is to move away from simply taking in large amounts of data and giving out the best correlations (关联) possible.
1. The first of Newcomen’s steam engines wasn’t built in a tin mine because________.A.its operation required a lot of coal | B.it would lose its function in a tin mine |
C.it was in greater demand in coal works | D.the rich mines required more advanced aids |
A.Reconstructing facial data. | B.Predicting a word in a sentence. |
C.Classifying images of cats. | D.Diagnosing rare diseases. |
A.Watt’s condenser helped the steam engine consume less coal. |
B.Data involving patients is often collected through immoral ways. |
C.Teaching machines to learn is a vital step towards data efficiency. |
D.Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine had revolutionary applications. |
A.acquiring data is as complex as mining for coal |
B.a change is required to make more out of less data |
C.data is the new fuel to start an information revolution |
D.a larger amount of data is needed to accomplish something |
【推荐1】Given the buzz it’s created, there’s a good chance you’ve heard about ChatGPT. It’s an interactive chatbot powered by machine learning. The technology has basically devoured the entire Internet, reading the collective works of humanity and learning patterns in language that it can recreate. All you have to do is give it a prompt (提示), and ChatGPT can do an endless array of things: write a story in a particular style, answer a question, explain a concept, compose an email—write a college essay-and it will spit out coherent, seemingly human—written text in seconds. The technology is both awesome and terrifying.
22-year-old Edward Tian is working feverishly on a new app to combat misuse of ChatGPT.
Over the last couple years, Tian has been studying an AI system called GPT-3, a predecessor to ChatGPT that was less user-friendly and largely inaccessible to the general public because it was behind a paywall. As part of his studies this fall semester, Tian researched how to detect text written by the AI system while working at Princeton’s Natural Language Processing Lab.
Then, as the semester was coming to a close, OpenAI, the company behind GPT-3 and other AI tools, released ChatGPT to the public for free. For the millions of people around the world who have used it since, interacting with the technology has been like getting a peek into the future; a future that not too long ago would have seemed like science fiction.
For many users of the new technology, wonderment quickly turned to alarm. How-many jobs will this kill? Will this empower nefarious (恶意的) actors and further corrupt our public discourse (公共话语)? How will this disrupt our education system? What is the point of learning to write essays at school when AI-which is expected to get exponentially better in the near future-can do that for us?
Tian had an idea. What if he applied what he had learned at school over the last couple years to help the public identify whether something has been written by a machine?
Tian already had the know-how and even the software on his laptop to create such a program. Ironically, this software, called GitHub Co-Pilot, is powered by GPT-3. With its assistance, Tian was able to create a new app within three days. It’s a testament to the power of this technology to make us more productive.
On January 2nd, Tian released his app GPTZero. It basically uses ChatGPT against itself, checking whether “there’s zero involvement or a lot of involvement” of the AI system in creating a given text.
When Tian went to bed that night, he didn’t expect much for his app. When he woke up, his phone had blown up. He saw countless texts and DMs from journalists, principals, teachers, you name it, from places as far away as France and Switzerland. His app, which is hosted by a free platform, became so popular it crashed. Excited by the popularity and purpose of his app, the hosting platform has since granted Tian the resources needed to scale the app’s services to a mass audience.
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about GPT-3?A.It’s designed and researched by Edward Tian in Princeton University |
B.Not many ordinary people have used it because it is not free. |
C.It is in the same AI system series as ChatGPT and GPTZero. |
D.It used to be less user-friendly than ChatGPT but has outdone it now. |
A.AI may replace human beings in the future when it comes to writing essays. |
B.Actors may turn bad or even evil if the new technology is adopted in acting. |
C.The education system may be badly impacted by the misuse of the new technology. |
D.Many people may be out of employment because of the new technology. |
A.the app is hosted by a free platform which is very popular. |
B.they know many journalists are also very interested in it. |
C.they are eager to share the resources Edward Tian is granted. |
D.they are worried about the possibility of students cheating in writing. |
A.Harm set, harm get. | B.Birds of a feather flock together. |
C.Fight a man with his own weapon. | D.Great minds think alike. |
【推荐2】To the Sweden, there are few smells more attractive than surströmming (臭鲱鱼). To most non-Sweden there are probably few smells more repulsive — the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like. In determining which smells people find pleasant or not, surströmming suggests culture must play a size able part.
New research, however, suggests that might not be the case. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.
To study how smell and culture relate, the researchers presented ten smells. These smells varied from herb to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for smelly socks. More in-between smells, which the team thought might split opinions, included octanoic acid; and octenol, an carthy smell found in many mushrooms. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely too, including hunters, farmers and city folk.
All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The researchers found that pleasantness ran kings were remarkable consistent regardless of where people came from. Isovaleric acid was hated by the vast majority, only eight giving it a score of l to 3 (I was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant ). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells explained 41 % of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbringing accounted for just 6 %
Even so, while culture didn't shape perceptions (感知) of smells in the way that it shapes perceptions of faces, the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Randomness, which the researchers suggest has to come from personal preference learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.
1. What does the underlined word “repulsive” mean in the first paragraph?A.Enjoyable. | B.Awful |
C.Special. | D.Unusual. |
A.Octenol. | B.Herb. |
C.Octanoic acid . | D.Isovalericacid. |
A.Personal taste. | B.Cultural background. |
C.Life experience. | D.Chemical composition. |
A.You Are What You Smell | B.Culture determine Smells |
C.People Like the Same Smells | D.Smells Are the Same as Beauty |
【推荐3】Birds use vocalizations to attract mates, defend territories, and recognize fellow members of their species. But while we know a lot about how variations in vocalizations play out between populations of songbirds, it's far less clear how this variation affects birds such as penguins in which calls are inherited (遗传). A new study from The Auk: Ornithological Advances examines differences in the calls of Little Penguins from four colonies in Australia-night-time birds for whom vocalizations are more important than visual signals-and finds that differences in habitat, rather than geographic isolation (隔离) or other factors, seem to be the key driver of variation in the sounds these birds use to communicate.
Diane Colombelli-Negrel and Rachel Smale of Australia's Flinders University recorded calls from four Little Penguin populations across a small area of South Australia, one of which had previously been shown to have slight genetic differences from the other three, and used playback experiments to test penguins ability to distinguish between calls from different colonies.They found that agonistic calls, which are used in pair displays and aggressive situations, varied among the four populations, and that the calls' characteristics appeared to depend on small-scale differences in the habitat where the penguins lived. However, birds did not discriminate between calls originating from different colonies, which suggests that agonistic calls don't seem to play a role in isolating the two different genetic groups.
Penguins living in open habitats produced lower-frequency calls than those living in habitats with thicker vegetation-the opposite of the trend typically observed in songbirds. The authors think that agonistic calls may be subject to different selective pressures because they're used in close encounters with other birds rather than to communicate across distances, and could also be influenced by variation in the noise level of wind and surf.
“I was excited to find that in seabirds, as most of our knowledge in this area comes from studies on songbirds," says Colombelli-Negrel. "This new research suggests that many factors influence call variation in birds, which also depends on the function of the calls. This study highlights that many questions remain and that studies need to investigate more than one factor in conjunction with the function of the calls to fully understand call variation in seabirds.”
“This work tells an interesting story of vocal diversification in Little Penguins, and gives insight into how individual and micro-scale variation effects behavior," according to Stony Brook University's Heather Lynch, an expert on penguin calls who was not involved in the study. "Non-vocal-learning birds are relatively understudied in terms of vocalizations, and it is great to see penguin vocalizations being studied in such a way."
1. What does the new study find?A.Penguins are born with their calls. |
B.Penguins communicate by various calls. |
C.Penguins' calls are influenced by their habitat. |
D.Penguins' calls can help isolate genetic groups. |
A.The test of penguins' responses to recorded calls. |
B.The data collected from penguins across Australia. |
C.Controlled experiments on penguins and songbirds. |
D.Similarities between the calls of penguins and songbirds. |
A.open-space songbirds tend to lower their calls |
B.environmental noises may affect penguins' calls |
C.birds use agonistic calls in distant communication |
D.songbirds' agonistic calls vary little between species |
A.will keep track of penguins to preserve them |
B.have investigated a lot in penguins' calls before |
C.will have a broader look at differences in penguins' calls |
D.have determined the function of various calls in penguins |