If you want to live longer and lower the risk of heart disease, a move to the mountains may help. Research by scientists in Greece shows that living in the mountains is good for the heart and longevity (长寿). People living at higher altitude have lower possibility of dying from heart disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors (因素) that could increase their risk. “Residence (居住) in mountainous areas seems to have a ‘protective effect’ from heart disease,” said Dr Nikos Baibas of the University of Athens. He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.
Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150 Greeks who lived in three villages near Athens over 15 years. One village was 1,000 meters above sea level and the other two were in low-lying areas. Although men and women living in the mountainous village had higher blood pressure rates and other risk factors than people in the other villages, they had a lower rate of death from heart disease and other causes after a fifteen year follow-up. “The contrast was more evident among men than among women,” Baibas added in a report in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers. Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol (胆固醇) levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease.
1. That people living at higher altitude have lower chance of dying from heart attack may because they| A．have good dieting style | B．live more happily |
| C．often climb mountains | D．know how to keep healthy |
| A．Clear. | B．Good. |
| C．Hopeful. | D．Lucky. |
| A．smoking | B．heart disease |
| C．high blood pressure | D．being overweight |
| A．People often climbing mountians won’t be ill. |
| B．The research of the Greeks lasted about 10 years. |
| C．Four other illnesses reduce the chance of developing heart disease. |
| D．A person smoking often has a chance of developing heart disease. |
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【推荐1】Over the past decade, drug-resistant diseases have appeared as a major health threat. But where do they develop the drug resistance? One surprising theory: they may have developed the resistance on farms, and not in hospitals.
The crop protection products farmers use to control many plant diseases are almost the same as the drugs doctors use to treat infections, including fungi(真菌). Fungi are continually mutating(变异), and with a life cycle measured in days or weeks, they mutate quickly. When a mutation produces resistance to a chemical-killing fungi, fungi will jump to any host that provides a welcoming environment, such as a human body. And if the treatment for the fungal infection involves a drug similar to the fungicide encountered on the farm, fungi may develop quickly in the human body---just as they did in the field.
An obvious solution is to use less fungicide in the field. Reducing fungicide use would not only slow the development of the drug resistance, it would help restore diversity to the fungal world. Fungicides are a must in the farming community. Plant diseases pose a major problem for farmers globally--in some crops, disease can reduce harvests by more than 70 percent--and failure to deal with the problem can mean financial ruin.
Just like fungi---or, indeed, any living thing---plants continually evolve. This is how natural gene editing (基因编辑）works, and without it, we'd all still be single cells in a salty soup. Through natural selection, almost any plant will eventually produce resistance to fungi. But this can take centuries, so we don't have the time to wait.
On the other hand, advances in genetics have given us an understanding of nature's gene editing process in plants, helping us develop resistance to a disease. Gene editing techniques can then enable us to produce disease resistance---just as nature would do, if given enough time.
1. What can we infer about fungi from Paragraph 2?| A．They can treat infection sometimes. |
| B．They don't stop developing new forms. |
| C．A human body is their favorite place. |
| D．There are no fungi in the fields now. |
| A．Using fungicide leads to a win-win situation |
| B．Stopping using fungicide is a cure-all in agriculture. |
| C．Reducing fungicide helps farmers making more money. |
| D．Using fungicide is in a dilemma between drug resistance and crop harvest. |
| A．The survival of the fittest. |
| B．Advances in technology. |
| C．The use of farm chemicals. |
| D．A welcoming environment. |
| A．Developing drug resistance. |
| B．Making advances in genetics. |
| C．Finding ways to evolve ourselves. |
| D．Curing all kinds of diseases by editing genes. |
【推荐2】Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near of the poor ecological state of the planet. Actually change has already begun through climate changes, but most humans haven’t noticed this yet. Climate change has begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the near few years. Around 2020 most people will begin to see that the results of climate change will be far more serious than now understood.
As the planet is under big geological (地质的) stresses, which are continuously increasing, it will in the future no longer be able to support its population. Scarcity (缺) of resources, over-farming, lack of clean air, not enough clean drinking water and drought (旱灾) are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future.
Humans have caused large ecological devastation (破坏). The lifestyles of many people are changing at a fast speed; however, this will finally result in a shortage of some valuable resources. When this scarcity begins to happen, people will no longer be able to have sustainable (可持续的) lifestyles.
It’s important to understand that everyone plays a role in the whole process of life. Each person’s decision can finally affect the future. These decisions, all combined, can have a very good effect on what the future will be like for humans. So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment.
While more and more people are becoming aware of climate change and other environmental problems related to global warming, not all are fully understanding how far-reaching its effects will be. Unfortunately, most of the humans realize that the planet isn’t functioning well, but they don’t understand that this is creating a major problem for the future survival of humans.
So, every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future.
1. What can be the best title for the text?| A．The Causes of Planetary Changes |
| B．The Influence of Ecological Devastation |
| C．Reasons and Ways to Build a Sustainable Future |
| D．Environmental Damage and the Human Future |
| A．planetary changes are caused by global warming |
| B．climate changes will affect the life of humans soon |
| C．the ecological state of the earth has been destroyed |
| D．most people have realized the danger of climate changes |
| A．Humans shouldn’t try to change their lifestyles. |
| B．The ecological devastation is coming to a stop soon. |
| C．The future we’ll have depends on every one of us. |
| D．The future of humans can be determined ahead of time. |
| A．encourage people to make efforts to protect the environment |
| B．inform people the planet isn’t functioning well |
| C．warn people of the dangers of ecological devastation |
| D．tell people the right way to protect the environment |
| A．grateful | B．negative | C．serious | D．humorous |
【推荐3】The creation of life provides scientists with some of the most difficult questions of modern science. Why and how did cells first appear? Was this likely to have happened under the conditions then, or was it due to chance? Could this happen in other places in the universe?
A group of scientists at University College London are trying to answer these questions. They started by studying the ways in which the first cells on Earth could have been formed. Next they will use a powerful new telescope to look at places far away in the universe. The scientists hope that the results will improve our understanding of the development of life on Earth and help us to find life on other planets.
Professor Nick Lane, who is in charge of the University College London team, suggested that 4 billion years ago warm water springs on the floor of the Earth’s occan might have helped create life. Each spring consists of tiny connected holes that water passes through. The team have created models of these springs in their lab. They have found that springs encourage chemical reactions between hydrogen in the liquids and the carbon dioxide in the sea water.
These reactions and changes show us how life on Earth and other planets could begin. When sea water goes through tiny holes in the Earth’s surface, it gets very hot and causes a chemical reaction with rocks. When this very hot water goes back up and meets the cold sea water again, other chemical reactions occur. Lane explains, the conditions needed for life are rock. water and carbon dioxide.
Because the ingredients for life are basic and should be found all over the universe, there is a good chance that we could soon find signs of life on other planets. Furthermore, a new space satellite is going to start helping with this search. The satellite Twinkle" will be the first space satellite searching other planets for life.
A team from University College London and Surrey Satellite Technology will send the satellite into space in the next few years. When an exoplanet passes in front of its star, some of the light has to pass through the gases around that planet. Studying the light can help scientists to find out about the chemistry, temperature and weather conditions of the planet. This will allow them to find planets which could support life.
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?| A．the scientists’ routine | B．the researchers’ assumption |
| C．the research’s principle | D．the research’s process |
| A．seasons | B．fountains | C．jumps | D．renews |
| A．Using a powerful telescope | B．Discovering all the exoplanets |
| C．Sending a satellite into space | D．Researching gases around the planet |
| A．subjective | B．vague | C．negative | D．optimistic |
