【推荐1】Research finds out why some people are constantly under attack from the bloodsucking insects while others walk free.

For those unfortunate enough to feature highly on the mosquito hit list, summer nights can be synonymous with mosquito bites. Yet others hardly ever get bitten. So how do the bloodthirsty insects select their victims?

The insects’ tastes may seem arbitrary. However, research shows that when mosquitoes make their choices between potential victims, it all comes down to scent (气味).

“Mosquitoes are attracted by carbon dioxide and heat, which everyone gives off. But mosquitoes are also attracted by certain scents,” says Karl-Martin Vagn Jensen, the head of research at the Department of Agricultural Science at Arhus University.

According to Jensen, it has not yet been confirmed exactly what the scents in question are. But research does indicate that some scents are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.

“All the lab employees rubbed petri dishes (培养皿) against their stomachs. In that way, their scents were put on the dishes, which were then put in a container full of mosquitoes,” he says. “The mosquitoes repeatedly landed on some of the petri dishes, but didn’t go anywhere near the others.”

Perhaps taking inspiration from popular fiction, there are also those who consider garlic as an excellent repellent (驱虫剂) against the winged bloodsuckers. According to the researcher, this strategy may not be entirely fruitless. “As far as I know, there is no scientific proof that eating garlic works. But there may be something to the theory that it’s possible to mask scent with garlic,” he says. The only reliable method of protection against mosquitoes is to use repellents that are sold over the counter. It contains some smells that can confuse the mosquitoes. When the mosquito comes closer, it uses smell, heat and carbon dioxide to decide whether to bite. But if it is confused by a repellent, it will never get that far.

1. Which of the following can best replace the phrase underlined in Paragraph 2?

A．Be equal to.

B．Be accessible to.

C．Be harmful to.

D．Be beneficial to.

2. What can we infer about the scents attracting mosquitoes?

A．Mosquitoes can be attracted by various scents.

B．Some kinds of scents appeal to mosquitoes in particular.

C．The lab employees use petri dishes to deposit their scents.

D．Mosquitoes are arbitrary when it comes to different scents.

3. What is the main idea of the last Paragraph?

A．A new strategy is used in researching repellents.

B．Garlic is considered to be an excellent repellent.

C．Using repellents is an effective way against mosquitoes.

D．The inspiration against mosquitoes is from popular fiction.

4. Where is the text most probably taken from?

A．Science fiction.

B．A biography.

C．A medical report.

D．A research paper.

【推荐3】If you exhibit positive characteristics such as honesty and helpfulness, the chances are that you will be thought as a good-looking person, for a new study has found that the perception (认知) of physical attractiveness is influenced by a person's personality.

The study, which was led by Gary W. Lewandowski, has found that people who exhibit negative characteristics, such as unfairness and rudeness, appear to be less physically attractive to observers. In the study, the participants viewed photographs of opposite-sex individuals and rated them for attractiveness before and after being provided with information about their personalities.

After personality information was received, participants also rated the probability of each individual's becoming a friend and a dating partner. Information on personality was found to significantly change the probability, showing that cognitive (认知的) processes modify (修改) judgments of attractiveness.

"Thinking a person as having a desirable personality makes the person more suitable in general as a close relationship partner of any kind," said Lewandowski.

The findings show that a positive personality leads to greater expectation of becoming friends, which leads to greater expectation of becoming romantic partners and, finally, to being viewed as more physically attractive. The findings remained consistent regardless of how "attractive" the individual was formerly thought to be or of the participants' current relationship status.

"This research provides a positive outcome by reminding people that personality goes a long way toward determining your attractiveness; it can even change people's impressions of how good-looking you are," said Lewandowski.

1. In the study the participants were required to ______.

A．try to make friends with each other

B．try to prove positive characters make people more attractive

C．exhibit negative characters such as unfairness and rudeness

D．rate one's attractiveness by photos before and after knowing her or his personality

2. What's the CORRECT order of how cognitive processes modify judgments of attractiveness?
a. find a person with a positive personality
b. view the person more physically, attractive
c. want to make friends with the person
d. want to be his/her romantic partner

A．a→c→d→b	B．d→c→b→a
C．c→b→a→d	D．a→d→c→b

3. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?

A．The research reminds people to pay more attention to the personality.

B．Personality can change people's impressions of one's appearance.

C．The judgment of one's attractiveness always stays unchanged.

D．Positive personality may lead to more friends.

4. The passage is written in a(n)             tone.

A．subjective

B．objective

C．skeptical

D．negative

【推荐2】Thirteen vehicles lined up last March to race across the Mojave Desert, seeking a million in prize money. To win, they had to finish the 142­mile race in less than 10 hours. Teams and watchers knew there might be no winner at all, because these vehicles were missing a key part — drivers.
DARPA, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, organized the race as part of a push to develop robotic vehicles for future battlefields. But the Grand Challenge, as it was called, just proved how difficult it is to get a car to speed across an unfamiliar desert without human guidance. One had its brake lock up in the starting area. Another began by throwing itself onto a wall. Another got tied up by bushes near the road after 1.9 miles.
One turned upside down. One took off in entirely the wrong direction and had to be disabled by remote   control. One went a little more than a mile and rushed into a fence; another managed to go for six miles but stuck on a rock. The “winner”， if there was any, reached 7.8 miles before it ran into a long narrow hole, and the front wheels caught on fire.
“You get a lot of respect for natural abilities of the living things，” says Reinhold Behringe, who helped design two of the car­size vehicles for a company called Sci­Autonics.“Even ants can do all these tasks effortlessly. It's very hard for us to put these abilities into our machines.”
The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced computers and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two­year­old human recognizes immediately. Sure, that very young child, who has just only learned to walk, may not think to wipe apple juice off her face, but she already knows that when there's a cookie in the kitchen she has to climb up the table, and that when she gets to the cookie it will taste good. She is more advanced, even months old, than any machine humans have designed.

1. Watchers doubted if any of the vehicles could finish the race because ________.

A．they did not have any human guidance

B．the road was not familiar to the drivers

C．the distance was too long for the vehicles

D．the prize money was unattractive to the drivers

2. From the passage we know “robotic vehicles” are a kind of machines that________.

A．can do effortlessly whatever tasks living things can

B．can take part in a race across 142­miles with a time limit

C．can show off their ability to turn themselves upside down

D．can move from place to place without being driven by human beings

3. In the last paragraph, the author implies that there is a long way to go ________.

A．for a robotic vehicle to finish a 142­mile race without any difficulties

B．for a little child who has just learned to walk to reach the cookie on the table

C．for a robotic vehicle to deal with a simple problem that a little child can solve

D．for a little child to understand the importance of wiping apple juice off his/her face

【推荐3】Over 2,000 years ago, Baiae was the most magnificent resort town in Italy. Wealthy statesmen including Cicero and Caesar were once drawn to its natural springs. But over the centuries, volcanic activity submerged this playground of the Roman nobility, leaving half of it beneath the Mediterranean.

Today, Baiae is one of the world’s few underwater archaeological parks open to visitors wanting to explore the remains of the ancient Roman city. A protected marine area, the site needs to be monitored for damage caused by divers and environmental factors. However, explains Davidde, Italy’s national supervisor for underwater cultural heritage, “Communication underwater is challenging.”

Cabled systems are the most reliable, but they are difficult to maintain and cover a limited operational area. And wireless internet doesn’t work well in water, because of the way water interacts with electromagnetic waves.

So Davidde teamed up with a group of engineers led by Chiara Petrioli, a professor at Sapienza University. Petrioli’s team has developed a network of underwater wireless sensors capable of gathering environmental data and transmitting it to land in real time. The system relies on AI algorithms (算法) to constantly change the network protocol (网络协议). As the sea conditions change, the algorithms adjust the information path, allowing the signal to travel up to two kilometers and data to be sent between transmitters one kilometer apart.

At Baiae, underwater internet allows remote, continuous monitoring of environmental conditions. Besides, it allows divers to communicate with one another and with colleagues above the surface, who can also use the technology to locate them with a high degree of accuracy.

Davidde anticipates that the network will be available to tourists visiting the archaeological site in the coming months. As they swim over the ruins, visitors will use waterproof smart tablets to communicate and to view 3D reconstructions of the ruins.

“Underwater internet has made monitoring of the archaeological site simpler and more efficient,” says Davidde, “At the same time, we can offer the public a new, interactive way to explore the underwater park.”

1. What do we know about Baiae?

A．It was noted for natural springs.	B．It is a playground for sports lovers.
C．It was destroyed by human activity.	D．It is not open to adventurous visitors.

2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?

A．Applications of underwater internet.

B．Different types of underwater network.

C．Difficulties of underwater communication.

D．Conditions of the underwater environment.

3. What is the underwater network capable of doing at present?

A．Reconstructing the ruins of the underwater park.

B．Making it easier to monitor archaeological sites.

C．Bringing more visitors to submerged Roman city.

D．Only allowing divers to communicate underwater.

4. What is the purpose of this text?

A．To explain underwater communication.

B．To analyze the effect of climate change.

C．To introduce a new underwater network.

D．To attract more visitors to explore Baiae.