North and South Koreans face a widening language gap caused by 70 years of separation. That is creating some communication problems for the two countries’ first joint Olympic team as it prepares for 2018 Winter Games in Pyeong Chang. South Korea So, the joint women’s hockey team has created its own dictionary. The three-page document translates important hockey terms from English into South Korean, and then into North Korean.
Canadian Sarah Murray is the team’s coach. She says the document has helped everybody communicate. Team Korea was formed just two weeks ago after the two Koreas decided to suddenly cooperate during the Olympics. Twelve players from North Korea were then added to the 23-member South Korean team.
South Korea has incorporated many English words and phrases into its language. North Korea has removed foreign words and created substitutes from Korean words. To many South Koreans, the substitutes sound funny.
Language experts say about one-third of the everyday words used in the two countries are different. The divide is wider with technical language, like that used for medical and sports industries. For example, South Korean hockey players use the English word “pass,” but their North Korean teammates say “yeol lak” or “communication.” North Koreans say “nahl gay soo”meaning “wing player.” South Koreans call that position “wing,” like in English. South Koreans say “block shot” while North Koreans say “buhduh make ”or “stretching to block.”
Murray admits that there are still some problems in communication even with the new dictionary. She said her South Korean assistant coach plays an important part in bridging the divide. Some in South Korea have criticized the partnership. They argue that the addition of players from North Korea players may prevent South Korean players from playing as much. One early public opinion study found that about 70 percent of South Koreans opposed the joint team.
However, that opposition appears to be lessening as the Olympics near.
1. What factor mainly causes the communication barriers for North and South Joint Hockey Team?| A．The team was suddenly formed in a hurry. |
| B．They are devoted to preparing the Winter Olympics. |
| C．There exists a gap between the two language. |
| D．They have been separated from each other for 70 years. |
| A．South Korean players are so critical of the joint Olympic team. |
| B．There are altogether 35 players in the joint Olympic team. |
| C．Murray from Canada doubts the three-page document in their communication. |
| D．North Korean assistant coach plays an important role in their communication. |
| A．South Korean brings in English words but North Korean created substitutes from Korea |
| B．They translate important hockey terms from English into South Korean. |
| C．They translate important hockey terms from South Korean into North Korean. |
| D．They use English to bridge the language gaps with the help of their own dictionary. |
| A．Supportive | B．Negative | C．Objective | D．Subjective |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】What happens to language as populations grow?
Languages with lots of speakers, such as English and Mandarin, have large vocabularies with relatively simple grammar. Yet the opposite is also true:
A Cormell University cognitive scientist and his colleagues have shown that ease of learning may explain why the number of speakers has opposite effects on vocabulary and grammar. “We were able to show that whether something is easy to learn — like words or hard to learn — like complex grammar — can explain these opposing tendencies,” said co-author Morten Christiansen, professor of psychology at Cornell University and co-director of the Cognitive Science Program.
The researchers supposed that words are easier to learn than aspects of grammar.“You only need a few exposures to a word to learn it, so it’s easier for words to spread,” he said.
However, in a large community, like a big city, one person will talk only to a small proportion of the population.
The simulations suggest that language, and possibly other aspects of culture, may become simpler as our world becomes increasingly interconnected, Christiansen said. “
Not all hope is lost for those who want to maintain complex cultural traditions, he said: “People can self-organize into smaller communities to counteract that drive toward simplification.”
| A．But learning a new grammatical innovation requires a lengthier learning process. |
| B．This means that only a few people might be exposed to that complex grammar rule, making it harder for it to survive. |
| C．Languages with fewer speakers have fewer words but complex grammars. |
| D．Grammatical rules take a long time to establish themselves. |
| E．This doesn’t necessarily mean that all culture will become overly simple. |
| F．It may lead to the disappearance of some aspects of culture. |
【推荐2】Green is an important color in nature. It is the color of grass and the leaves on trees. It is also the color of most growing plants.
Sometimes, the word “green” means young, fresh and growing. For example, a greenhorn is someone who has no experience. In the 15th century, a greenhorn was a young cow or an ox whose horns(角) had not yet developed. A century later, a greenhorn was a soldier who had no experience in war. By the 18th century, a greenhorn had the meaning it has today—a person who is new in a job.
Someone who is good at growing plants is said to have a green thumb(大拇指). The expression comes from the early 20th century. A person with a green thumb can make plants grow quickly and well.
Green is also the color used to describe the powerful feeling, jealousy(嫉妒). The green-eyed monster(怪物) is not a dangerous animal from outer space. It is an expression used about 400 years ago by the British writer William Shakespeare in his play “Othello”. It describes the unpleasant feeling when someone has something he wants. For example, a young man may suffer from the green-eyed monster if you get a pay rise and he does not.
In most places in the world, a green light means to move ahead. In everyday speech, a green light means agree to continue with a project.
1. A greenhorn now refers to ________.| A．a person who is new in a job |
| B．a new soldier |
| C．a young horse |
| D．a cow without horns |
| A．who is good at growing plants |
| B．whose thumbs are of green color |
| C．whose garden is greener than others’ |
| D．who is younger than his neighbors |
| A．he sees a dangerous animal |
| B．he reads a sad play |
| C．his friend gets a prize that he wants |
| D．he can’t get something |
| A．a greenhorn |
| B．a green thumb |
| C．the Green Revolution |
| D．the word “green” and its story |
【推荐3】The TED speaker series features “ideas worth spreading.” With over 1,400 to choose from, we’ve selected a few that are perfect for students.
Larry Smith: Why You Will Fail to Have a Great Career
We humans have an excellent ability to make excuses for ourselves. Larry Smith, a professor of economics at the University of Waterloo in Canada, tells us why most of us will fail to have a great career. But there is a way out— if you try to pursue your passion.
Andy Puddicombe: All It takes Is 10 Mindful Minutes
Between dance team, volunteering and—oh, right—lectures, your life’s crazy factor is about to go way up. In this entertaining and informative talk, mindfulness expert Andy Puddicombe teaches us how to be “more healthy, more mindful and less distracted” by taking just 10 minutes out of the day to be more present.
Shane Koyczan: To This DAY For the Bullied and Beautiful
This talk is sure to stay with you. Shane Koyczan’s “To this DAY” is an affecting spoken-word poem about bullying and being different that gained over 10 million views on YouTube. In this talk, Koyczan gives a live reading of the poem, along with some stories about his background.
Susan Cain: The power of Introverts(性格内向者)
Does a cup of tea and a good book sound like a perfect Friday night? In this personal talk, Susan Cain argues that introverts have important talents and abilities. Our culture may value being social and outgoing, but the world needs all kinds.
1. What does Larry Smith advise students to do for a good career?| A．Don’t be too optimistic. |
| B．Learn from others’ lessons. |
| C．Never make excuses for yourself. |
| D．Match your interests with your career. |
| A．Susan Cain’s. | B．Larry Smith’s. | C．Shane Koyczan’s . | D．Andy Piddicombe’s. |
【推荐1】For animals that spend most of their lives in the high trees, gaps in the forest might as well be the Grand Canyon. These gaps are especially hard on gibbons (长臂猴); although larger males can leap across some gaps, females and the young can be cut off from food, companions, and even potential mates. Now, a new study suggests a couple of strong ropes could really help bridge the gap.
Gibbons are at risk of extinction across Southeast Asia, largely because of habitat loss. With about 30 individuals left, the Hainan gibbon is considered the rarest primate (灵长类) on Earth. All of these animals live on the Hainan Baw angling National Nature Reserve. In July 2014, a typhoon caused landslides across the reserve, creating gaps in the forest that were difficult for these primates to cross.
To help reconnect the habitats, professional tree climbers set up an artificial “bridge” made of two mountaineering-grade ropes across a 15-meter-wide valley. Nearly 6 months later, the gibbons started to use the bridge to cross the gap, researchers report today in Scientific Reports. The team documented 52 crossings of a group of eight gibbons, with most walking along one rope while holding on to the second rope for support, which the scientists named “handrail”. The gibbons also shimmied underneath the ropes using all arms and legs to the opposite side.
Conservationists previously built artificial bridges to help other species such as the Bornean orangutan and the Javan slow loris. But this is the first example of the rare Hainan gibbon using them. The rope bridges could be a short-term solution to reconnect disjointed (脱节的) habitats, the researchers argue. Combined with efforts to provide enough natural forest cover.
1. Why were rope bridges constructed according to the text？| A．To aid all gibbons to cross gaps. |
| B．To increase gibbons’ habitats. |
| C．To save gibbons from being endangered. |
| D．To provide food and company for gibbons. |
| A．Rarely are gibbons seen for the population decline. |
| B．Habitat loss was to blame for gibbons’ dying out. |
| C．Gibbons couldn’t cross gaps caused by a typhoon. |
| D．The natural disaster may have posed a threat to gibbons. |
| A．Lifted. | B．Grabbed. | C．Swung. | D．Spread. |
| A．The reasons for gibbons’ dying out | B．The importance of saving gibbons |
| C．The measures to save gibbons | D．The solution to gibbons’ habitat loss |
【推荐2】A revolution has recently taken place in behavioural biology. Its consequences are far-reaching, both for our self-image as humans and for our relationship with animals. Just a few decades ago, behavioural science was guided by two key beliefs: animals cannot think, and no scientific statements can be made about their emotions. Today, the same discipline holds both ideas to be false and assumes the very opposite: animals of some species are capable of insight – they can recognize themselves in a mirror and exhibit at least a basic sense of self-awareness – and they have rich emotional lives that seem to be amazingly similar to those of humans.
Indeed, the transformation of the concept of the animal in modern behavioural biology has been fundamental. This has been confirmed by the death of a third belief: for decades, it was taught that animals behave for the good of their species. Today we know this is not the case. Rather, animals do everything to ensure that copies of their own genes are passed to the next generation with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will also kill conspecifics. Clearly, they are not, as Jane Goodall had once famously hoped, ‘like us, but better’.
The border between humans and animals is also beginning to blur in other areas. Certain aspects of the social environment can cause stress for both humans and animals, while other similar factors can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviour does not develop in a fixed manner: environmental influences, socialisation, and learning can change an animal from the prenatal phase (胎儿期) through adulthood. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised upon closer inspection.
However, such similarities across genes, brain structure, and the endocrine (内分泌的) system do not automatically imply similarities concerning thoughts, feelings, and behaviour. To better understand these characteristics, we need to look at specific studies in both animals and humans. In the case of animals, such studies take place within the field of behavioural biology, which was properly defined by one of the fathers of the discipline, the Nobel Prize winner Nikolaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study of behaviour by biological methods’.
1. According to the new research, some animals___________.| A．possess rich emotions. | B．can hardly recognize themselves. |
| C．can show little self-awareness. | D．are incapable of understanding. |
| A．their desire to protect their species. |
| B．their ability to recognize themselves in mirrors. |
| C．their urge to guarantee the gene transmission. |
| D．their eagerness to be socially interacted. |
| A．There’s a clear distinction between humans and animals. |
| B．Social environment may have an impact on animal behavior. |
| C．Animals will eventually become standardized. |
| D．Learning alone can shape animal behaviour altogether. |
| A．Evolution of Views in Behavioral Biology: Typical Human, Typical Animal? |
| B．The Emotional Lives of Animals: A Study of Similarities and Differences with Humans |
| C．Understanding the Blurred Boundaries: The Human – Animal Connection in Modern Science |
| D．Past and Present: How Behavioral Biology Views Animals |
【推荐3】Parents can cut the chances of their children getting fat simply by keeping them longer at table. Just three extra minutes at a family mealtime could help prevent child fatness. The reasons might lie in communication and the importance of a scheduled mealtime.
Dr Barbara Fiese said, “Children, whose families have a 20-minute meal over four times a week, weigh lighter than kids who leave the table after15 to 17 minutes. Over time, those extra minutes per meal add up and become really powerful.”
Researchers studied 200 family mealtimes, testing the influences of mealtime habits of families with children in primary school. They found that families, who said that shared mealtimes were an important part of family life and had special meaning for them, were less likely to have fat children. Similarly, families who talked more together and communicated more positively during the meal, were more likely to have healthy-weight children.
Teaching families how to make full use of family mealtimes was a wise idea. “This is something we can do and teach. It’s also important to recognize the increasing differences of families and their complex living schedules that may challenge(挑战) their abilities to plan ahead and set some time to communicate with each other,” said Dr Fiese.
Families in poorer US neighborhoods faced more problems, including poor chances of getting healthy food. But even so, regular high quality family mealtimes made a difference to the children’s weight. Dr Fiese said, “Three to four extra minutes per meal will make a healthy weight more possible.”
1. How long is reasonable for a family mealtime according to the text?| A．About 10 minutes. | B．About 12 minutes |
| C．About 15 minutes | D．About 20 minutes. |
| A．Children can better enjoy their meals. |
| B．Children can have a good rest while eating. |
| C．Children can communicate more during the time. |
| D．Children can have more time to choose what they like. |
| A．The result of a study. | B．Different eating habits. |
| C．Causes of child fatness. | D．The importance of normal eating |
| A．Mealtime talk helps to lose weight |
| B．Healthy food makes normal weigh |
| C．Poorer families have thinner children |
| D．Longer family mealtimes help prevent child fatness |
