Are supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? When you enter a supermarket, the manager knows better than you: how you will behave — which way you will walk, where you will look, what will make you buy one product rather than another. When customers go into a shop, they naturally look to their left but move clockwise, towards the right. So supermarket entrances are usually on the left of the building. And the layout is designed to take shoppers around the store, aisle (通道) after aisle, from left to right.
Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances.
People walk quickly through narrow aisles, but they move slowly in wide aisles and give more attention to the products. One best-selling position for products is at the end of aisles, because shoppers slow down to turn into the next aisle.
More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product (e.g. cereal, washing powder) than from a ten-foot one.
| A．Another is on shelves at eye level. |
| B．Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. |
| C．There are always enough products prepared for customers in the supermarket. |
| D．Then shoppers will pay attention to all the products. |
| E．This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. |
| F．Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. |
| G．Supermarkets are one of children’s favorite places and they are also big consumers. |
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【推荐1】While a lot of things have changed in 2020, the end of summer once again saw pupils preparing to go back to school. Though the start of term in September was unlike any other, with many students having been absent from class for months, the benefits of returning are considerable. “Interacting with friends face-to-face, enjoying creative play, being out in the fresh air and moving their bodies - these are all crucial for children’s mental health and academic success later in life,” says parenting expert Dr. Kalanit Ben-Ari.
The home learning period has seen an increase in time spent on screens. “Screen addiction is becoming a problem—kids are finding it hard to put aside, which can make them anxious and restless at night. For teenagers especially, who are at the peak of their development, they’re easily affected by the increased use of things like social media and so the longer they’re out of school, the more anxious they can become,” he added.
Settling back into the daily routine of school is something that benefits the whole family. At school, children are stimulated and develop more self-discipline by being in class on time and doing homework. Once those habits are back in place it becomes easier to get back into the rhythm of set bedtimes or to get them to spend less time on their phone.
To support children as they go back, Dr. Ben-Ari recommends encouraging them to vocalize any concerns. If you sense they’re worried, start by reflecting on what they’re saying. Let them know that you trust they’re capable of coping with it, and you don’t have any doubt that they’ll succeed.
Lifestyle changes can make the transition easier, too. Simply walking or cycling to school— if you have to drive, parking further away and walking the final 15 minutes - improves circulation and boosts mood before the school day begins. He reassures parents, though, that there’s no need to worry about them settling back in. “A lot of people are concerned about an academic gap—but children, especially young children, tend to catch up very quickly. Kids are much more resilient than we think.”
1. What does Dr. Kalanit Ben-Ari expect of children?| A．They should interact with friends frequently. |
| B．They must return to school as soon as possible. |
| C．They can keep mentally and physically healthy. |
| D．They can realize the result of absence from school. |
| A．It makes children lazier and more worried. |
| B．It’s more effective in building up confidence. |
| C．It’s more likely to affect children’s intelligence. |
| D．It affects children’s sleep quality. |
| A．Deliver. | B．Organize. | C．Express. | D．Prove. |
| A．To stress the need of reflecting in learning. |
| B．To inspire students’ love for learning at school. |
| C．To provide guidance on returning to school life. |
| D．To state the benefits of returning to school for students. |
In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The dining-room will serve three meals a day from 7: 00 am to 7: 00 pm during the week and two meals from noon to 7: 00 pm on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturdays and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5: 00 pm.
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week’s student newspaper.
1. The main purpose of this announcement is to _________.
| A．tell students of important schedule changes | B．tell students of new bus and library services |
| C．show the excellent services for students | D．ask students to renew their library cards |
| A．8: 00, 9: 00, 10: 00, 11: 00 | B．8: 00, 9: 30, 10: 30, 11: 30 |
| C．8: 30, 9: 00, 9: 30, 10: 00 | D．8: 00, 9: 30, 11: 00, 12: 30 |
| A．they are not to be announced | B．they are hard to arrange |
| C．the full list is not ready | D．the full list is too long |
| A．no special hours | B．special hours on weekdays |
| C．special hours on weekends | D．special hours both on weekdays and weekends. |
| A．the student newspaper will sell more copies | B．there will be a concert or a film once a week |
| C．many students will stay in the university | D．no breakfast will be served on weekends |
【推荐3】Schools across Britain are being asked to take part in a research project known as Teensleep to stagger (错开) their start times to suit the different biological clocks of children, with 10-year-olds starting at 9 am and 15-year-olds starting at 10 am. Scientists believe that the body’s circadian rhythm (生理节律), which determines sleep-wake patterns over 24-hour periods, varies with a child’s age and that an earlier school start time for all students is not in the best interests of older children. “The research project will sign up 100 schools as part of the biggest study yet into the role that school start times play in the health of students,” said Paul Kelley of the University of Oxford.
“The natural change in the biological clock to later in the 24-hour cycle is particularly obvious in the 14 to 24 age group. The change in the biological clock continues in later middle age, when people usually go back to the naturally earlier start time they felt comfortable with when they were 10-year-old children,” Dr Kelley said.
“By the time you are 18, 19 or 20 you are suffering on average two hours of sleep loss a day and that is increasing so that at the end of the week you have suffered 10 hours of sleep loss. It has a hugely damaging impact on the body,” Dr Kelley told the Seience Festival in Bradford.
“Students lose more sleep than doctors working a 24-hour shift during every school or university week... Schools are starting at any time they choose. There is no justification and no study suggesting that starting earlier is better,” he said. “Most people wake up to alarms because they don’t naturally wake up at the time they go to work, so we are a sleep-deprived (睡眠不足) society and this age group, 14 to 24, is more deprived than any other group of society,” he added.
1. What’s the aim of the research project?| A．To determine the sleep hours of children. |
| B．To suit the different biological clocks of children. |
| C．To change the start times of the schools across Britain. |
| D．To study the influence of school times on students’ health. |
| A．24-year-olds start school the latest. |
| B．The older students are, the later they start school. |
| C．The change in the biological clock doesn’t happen in later middle age. |
| D．An earlier start time suits both the later middle age group and 10-year-olds. |
| A．Work on weekends. |
| B．The pressure of study. |
| C．More and more sleep loss. |
| D．The earlier school start time. |
| A．Schools always start earlier. |
| B．Students are most sleep-deprived. |
| C．Students are more stressed than doctors. |
| D．Sleep deprivation has become a worldwide problem. |
【推荐1】Problems, which are a part of our lives, come in different shapes and colors and feelings. We’ve been fighting troubles ever since we were born.
Talk, it really helps. What most of us think is that our problems can be understood only by us and that no talking is going to help. But the truth is that when you talk about it, you’re setting free the negative energies that have been gathering within you.
Write your problems. Having a personal diary can also be of huge help if you don’t want a real person to talk with. When you write down your problems, you are setting free all the tension from your system.
Remember your problems aren’t the worst. No matter what problem you get in life, there’re another one million people whose problems are huger than yours.
| A．Don’t lose faith and hope. |
| B．Talking helps you move on and let go. |
| C．But good news is that all problems can be dealt with. |
| D．Tell yourself: when they can deal with them, why can’t I? |
| E．Go and solve your problems because every problem always has a way out. |
| F．You can try throwing away the paper on which you wrote your problems. |
| G．We can often overcome the problem and achieve the goal by making a direct attack. |
【推荐2】While reading, you may focus on the Q(question) and A (answer) on the following web page.
|
| A．attracts untidy people | B．has some basic facilities |
| C．has the best landscape | D．can be contacted by email |
| A．there is a greater likelihood of rain |
| B．standard, superior and luxurious rooms are all available |
| C．the weather will probably be better than that of the low season |
| D．a standard room with full board will cost less than $100 a night. |
| A．They should stay in hotels in a central area |
| B．They could live in hotel rooms of lower standard |
| C．They should put up with the wonderfully unhealthy cooked breakfast. |
| D．They should buy a reliable guidebook instead of increasing the budget. |
【推荐3】We are often unable to pay close attention to what we hear. But sometimes we try to remember everything a speaker say. We turn into sponges, taking in a speaker’s every word as if every word was equally important. We try to remember all the names, all the dates, and all the places. In the process we often miss the speaker’s main point.
Erik Waldman works at a design company. Knowing he had never been good at budgeting his money, he was determined to begin thinking about his economic future. When his employer circulated an e-mail announcing a financial planning seminar, Erik signed up right away.
The first period was about retirement planning. Simone Fisher, the lecturer, explained that 7 of 10 Americans between the ages of 22 and 35 do not have a regular savings plan. Erik wrote down every number Simone mentioned.
“If you want to have a retirement income equal to 75 percent of your current salary,” Simone continued, “you will need to invest at least of 6 percent of your present earnings, and beyond that you need to consider future inflation rates(通货膨胀率). I will help you calculate your individual savings needs soon. In the meantime, I want to stress that the most important thing is to start saving now.”
Erik recorded all the statistics Simone used. When she opened the floor for question, Erik raised his hand and said, “I have two question. When is the best time to start saving for retirement ? And how am I supposed to figure out my savings target if I don’t know what inflation rates will be in the future?”
This is a typical example of losing the speaker’s point by concentration on details. Erik had fixed his mind on remembering all the statistics in Simone’s presentation, but he blocked out the man message. Rather than trying to remember everything, efficient listeners usually concentrate on main ideas and evidence.
1. What does the underlined part “We turn into sponges” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．We sometimes become other persons. |
| B．We often fail to focus our attention |
| C．We refuse to agree with the speaker. |
| D．We find it difficult to remember key things |
| A．focused on the lecture’s details |
| B．got Simone Fisher’s main idea |
| C．showed little interest in the lecture |
| D．knew how to calculate inflation rates |
| A．they were very good question |
| B．Erik was an excellent partner |
| C．they had just been discussed |
| D．they were hard to answer |
| A．His boss asked him to attend the lecture |
| B．He does badly in managing his money |
| C．He has a good memory |
| D．He is still a student |
