组卷网 > 高中英语综合库 > 主题 > 人与社会 > 科普与现代技术 > 科学技术
题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.4 引用次数:195 题号:7278639

The belief that new technologies are causing the death of work is the idea that never goes away. Despite evidence to the contrary, we still view technological change today as being more rapid and dramatic in its consequences for work than ever before. But this is nothing new. People have always viewed the technological changes that take place during their lives as the most dramatic and dangerous that ever happened in history.

In the 1930s, the British economist(经济学家) John Maynard Keynes predicted the widespread use of electricity would produce a world where people spend most of their time doing nothing. In the United States during the 1960s, the government repeatedly investigates fears that automatic machines would permanently reduce the amount of work available. In 1988, one Australian historian claimed that at least a quarter of the workforce would be without jobs within 10 years because of computers.

Of course, none of these disasters came to pass in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia, or anywhere else.

Yet today, we are seeing the return of these predictions, with some experts claiming the world of work is once more undergoing radical and unprecedented change. They argue that robots and other workplace technologies are causing a reduction in the total amount of work available, or are bringing a more rapid pace of substitution of machines for humans than has been seen previously.

But there is a little evidence to support such beliefs. Statistics show that the percentage of people in work, the number of hours they work, and how frequently they change jobs have remained remarkably constant over the past 20 years.

This stability should not come as a surprise. There are good reasons why we should not expect new technologies to cause the death of work. New technologies always cause job losses, but that is only part of the story. What also needs to be understood is how they increase the amount of work available.

One way this happens is through the increases in incomes that accompany the use of new technologies. With the introduction of these technologies, good and services can be produced faster, which results in higher real incomes for workers. Higher incomes then increase demand for other products and consequently more workers are needed to make them. Additionally, while new technologies are likely to substitute for some types of workers, they will also increase demand for other types of workers, especially those with higher level skills and expertise.

So, the end of work is no closer today than at any time in the past. But there is still a need to keep disproving the prediction, to reduce people's fears.

1. What is the function of the second paragraph?
A.To explain the importance of developing new technology.
B.To show how technology affected employment in the past.
C.To argue that technological dangers are becoming more serious.
D.To give historical examples of unnecessary fear about new technology.
2. How can employment statistics over the past 20 years best be described?
A.ConfusingB.Reliable
C.StableD.Variable
3. According to paragraph 7, why does demand for products often increase after new technology is introduced?
A.There are more goods for people to choose from.
B.There is more demand for new skills in the economy.
C.Productivity improvements help raise workers’ salaries.
D.Higher quality goods at lower prices encourage consumption.
4. What is the author’s opinion about the introduction of new technology?
A.It does not have an effect on most people’s jobs.
B.Its benefits are usually not worth the introduction.
C.It usually leads to a significant increase in employment.
D.Its danger to peoples employment possibilities is overstated.
【知识点】 科学技术

相似题推荐

阅读理解-阅读单选(约390词) | 较难 (0.4)

【推荐1】Speaking in an interview, Naveen Jain, founder of a space exploration company called Moon Express, said that he believes moon travel is just a decade away. And his company, which is the first private firm to get approval from the U.S. government to carry out the project of moon travel, wants to play a role in helping people get to the moon surface.

''I believe in the next ten years, there is going to be gentlemen on their knees asking their sweethearts, honey, will you go to the moon with me for honey moon?'' Jain said in the interview.

Many people in the technology and scientific communities are crazy about space exploration. Space presents an unprecedented(史无前例的)number of chances for scientific and human advancement. Companies, big and small, are determining how they can create technologies that would allow people to explore space, the moon, and even Mars. Other companies are eyeing ways to play a role in space travel.

The key of that gold rush has been the declining cost of actually getting to space. Jain said that while it once cost billions of dollars to go to the moon, his company's unmanned space flight next year will cost just 7 million. As costs continue to decline(减少),he believes that within the next decade, getting to the moon will cost just $10,000.Better yet, it'll take just four hours to get there.

Still, Mars is the final prize. And even Jain, whose company will focus on moon travel, said that ''Mars is certainly the right place to be finally. '' When asked if he'd like to stage space fights to Mars, Jain said ''of course'', adding that he believes Moon Express could partner with Elon Musk's SpaceX to make that happen.

''Elon will build the rocket and we do the travelers,'' Jain said of a theoretical partnership. ''Generally, he lays the cables and we do the last mile.''

SpaceX and Musk have not said whether they would work alongside Jain and Moon Express. Either way, it looks like hopping from the moon to Mars (and back) might be just a part of our lives.

1. We can learn about moon travel from the passage that      
A.it will take less time and money
B.it is already available for all
C.few people are interested in it
D.its future is not bright at all
2. What does the author mean by saying ''Mars is the final prize''?
A.Mars is the final destination difficult but valuable to reach.
B.Mars is the final destination expensive but easy to reach.
C.Mars is the first destination to choose for space travelers.
D.Mars is the last destination to choose for space travelers.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A.Moon Express is certainly an ideal partner for SpaceX.
B.SpaceX hasn't decided to cooperate with Moon Express.
C.Moon Express and SpaceX used to be close partners.
D.SpaceX has been successful in moon travel exploration.
4. The passage above is most probably taken from the ______section of a newspaper.
A.entertainmentB.educationC.technologyD.literature
2020-07-15更新 | 92次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 较难 (0.4)

【推荐2】Every day, people come into contact with thousands of chemicals. These chemicals are said to be harmless to human health. In fact,the chemicals are considered so safe that we wash with them. We put them on our bodies and even our faces. Other chemical products are used throughout our homes.

By the time you walk out of your front door, you have already been exposed to thousands of chemicals.

On its own, each chemical seems harmless. But in combination with other chemicals, they may become deadly. That is the finding of a two-year study by a high-profile task force of scientists. The task force was told to investigate the cancer-causing possibility of chemical mixtures.

Linda Gulliver was one of 174 scientists on the task force. Their job was to study the cancer-causing potential of 85 chemicals. All 85 are said to be common in the environment.

Ms. Gulliver explains that chemicals have the potential or y to form dangerous mixtures. Even simple minerals can become dangerous when mixed with chemicals found in plastics or beauty products.

Working in groups, the scientists explored how different chemical mixtures could lead to cancer. Ms. Gulliver’s team looked at the ability of different combinations to support the in- crease of malignant (恶性的) human cells.

She says the current way to identify whether chemicals cause cancer is to test them one at a time. This method leads, she adds, to a long list of supposedly “safe” chemicals. She and her team say that approach needs to change.

“We definitely need certain research… to find out what mixtures of chemicals would be more harmful than others; what groups of chemicals, when together, would produce more harmful effects. And at the moment, that is not known.”

An estimated one in five cancers has been linked to chemical exposure. It may turn out that the cancer-causing villain (恶棍) is not a single chemical at all.

1. What effect may one single chemical have on us according to the text?
A.It may let us suffer from cancer.
B.It may not cause danger to us.
C.It may destroy our body.
D.It may let our body make a change.
2. What can we learn about Ms. Gulliver’s research?
A.She has found reasons for five kinds of cancers.
B.She has found that only one chemical can cause cancer.
C.She has found 85 cancer-causing chemicals.
D.She is not sure what mixtures of chemicals are more harmful.
3. According to the text» we can infer that the study             .
A.is just wasting time and money
B.is in need of great efforts
C.will cause panic in public
D.will be resisted by the public
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.Mixtures of Safe Chemicals May Cause Cancer
B.Being Exposed to One Chemical Is Dangerous
C.How Mixtures of Safe Chemicals Come into Being?
D.What Is the Real Cause for Cancer?
2017-08-13更新 | 84次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约310词) | 较难 (0.4)

【推荐3】Known as GC-1, the drug reportedly speeds up metabolism(新陈代谢), or burning off, of fat cells. “GC-1 dramatically increases the metabolic rate, essentially transforming white fat, which stores extra calories and is associated with obesity and metabolic disease, into a fat like calorie-burning brown fat,” said Kevin Phillips, a researcher in Houston.

Until several years ago, scientists thought that only animals and human babies have energy-burning, "good" brown fat. “It is now clear,” Phillips said, “that human adults do have brown fat, but appear to lose its calorie-burning activity over time.” White fat has a bad effect on people when the body has too much of it. Some published research shows that people who have more brown fat have a reduced risk of obesity. Researchers are now working on ways to “brown” white fat, or change it into brown fat.

GC-1 works, according to Phillips. He said he and other researchers have tested the drug in hundreds of mice. Obese mice, both genetically obese and those with diet-induced obesity, received GC-1 treatment daily. Genetically obese mice lost weight and more than 50 percent of their fat mass in approximately two weeks, Phillips reported. He said mice with diet-induced obesity experienced similar improvements. The drug also caused adaptive thermogenes(适应性发热)in fat cells from mice. Cells grown in a dish, as well as tissue samples taken from obese mice, showed evidence of white-fat browning. “Our data prove that GC-1 is a novel fat-browning agent that may have use in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disease,”Phillips said.

The drug has not yet been tested for weight loss in humans. However, Phillips said it wouldn’t be long before it was used as a way of losing weight.

1. What is the writer's purpose of writing this passage?
A.To prove the harm of a new drug.
B.To introduce a new drug to people.
C.To explain the development of a new drug.
D.To inform people of some health knowledge.
2. In the past, people held the belief that ________.
A.human babies have brown fat
B.animals don't have brown fat
C.only human adults have brown fat
D.brown fat may lose its activity over time
3. What can we know about GC-1?
A.It can be used to treat obesity.
B.It is a cure for heart disease.
C.It is a drug intended for mice.
D.It has been sold in the drug store.
4. Which of the following can make people lose weight?
A.Increasing more white fat.
B.Burning off more brown fat.
C.Changing white fat into brown fat.
D.Slowing down the activity of brown fat.
2017-10-20更新 | 164次组卷
共计 平均难度:一般