【推荐1】Since 2016, the U=U (Undetectable=Untransmittable) campaign, started by Bruce Richman, who was diagnosed with HIV in 2003, has teamed up with 570 other organizations in 71 countries to share the message: “In most of these countries people have been taught to fear HIV and people with HIV. Now we’re turning a corner.”

The impact of this and other prevention strategies and campaigns has begun to reduce new infection rates. As is reported, the number of new diagnoses in San Francisco has dropped by more than 50 per cent since 2006, in large part because of this “treatment as prevention” approach, also known as TasP.

But more work is needed, for example, on a vaccine. For some other viruses, vaccines work by mimicking(模仿)the biochemistry of people who seem to be naturally protected from infection. “For HIV, we don’t have a good naturally protective correlate to work with,” says Lundgren, an official in UNAIDS. Another difficulty is the lack of a good animal model for human HIV infections. Potential vaccines that show promise in monkeys infected with the similar simian immunodeficiency virus have not been successful in human clinical trials.

There are also hopes for an HIV cure, but this has been harder to come by than expected. The main problem with trying to cure HIV is that there is a hidden reservoir of the virus in the body. That is why the leading strategy in the hunt for a cure is the “kick and kill” approach. T his aims to kick HIV out of cells that act as a reservoir and then kill the virus.

While focusing on such scientific problems to make a cure a possibility in future, researchers at pharmaceutical company Gilead are also making progress when it comes to the potential for longer-acting treatments. At the moment, antiretroviral(抗逆$专录病毒的）drugs must be taken on a daily basis and this can prove difficult for some.

Winston Tse，a senior scientist at Gilead, is working on a treatment that looks to be particularly effective and could take the form of a long-acting injection. He and his colleagues have set their sights on a protein that surrounds and protects the HIV RNA genome which is essential to viral(病毒的）life including its ability to infect new cells. The team is developing compounds that interfere with this protein and so prevent the virus to reproduce.

It is this focus on prevention and treatment that makes the UNAIDS goal potentially achievable—removing AIDS as a public health risk by 2030. “I would love a cure, but I’m investing my time into the strategy of testing, treating and prevention, because I think that’s the way to end this disease,” says Richman.

1. What is the purpose of “U=U campaign”？

A．To call on more countries to fight HIV.	B．To offer help to people with HIV.
C．To appeal to people to face HIV.	D．To promote the TasP approach.

2. Researchers have difficulty in trying vaccines because       .

A．many people are scared of HIV	B．animal trials don’t work on humans
C．monkeys are infected with viruses	D．there is a hidden reservoir in the body

3. What do we know about the “kick and kill” approach?

A．It is less effective than expected.	B．It destroys the reservoir of the virus.
C．It kills the virus out of the cells.	D．It       belongs to the antiretroviral drugs.

4. What can we infer from the UNAIDS goal??

A．AIDS will become a public health risk by 2030.

B．A cure for AIDS is more important than prevention.

C．Doing more trials is the solution to stopping AIDS.

D．Researchers are confident in preventing AIDS in future.

【推荐2】“Deep reading” —as opposed to the often superficial reading we do on the Web —is an endangered practice, one we ought to take steps to preserve as we would a historic building or a significant work of art. Its disappearance would jeopardize(危及) the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online, as well as the preservation of a critical part of our culture: the novels, poems and other kinds of literature that can be appreciated only by readers whose brains, quite literally, have been trained to understand them.

Recent research in cognitive science and psychology has demonstrated that deep reading —slow, immersive, rich in sensory detail and emotional and moral complexity—is a distinctive experience, different in kind from the mere decoding of words. Although deep reading does not, strictly speaking, require a conventional book, the built-in limits of the printed page are uniquely helpful to the deep reading experience. A book’s lack of hyperlinks(超链接), for example, frees the reader from making decisions —Should I click on this link or not? —allowing her to remain fully immersed in the narrative.

That immersion is supported by the way the brain handles language rich in detail, indirect reference and figures of speech: by creating a mental representation that draws on the same brain regions that would be active if the scene were unfolding in real life. The emotional situations and moral dilemmas that are the stuff of literature are also vigorous exercise for the brain, propelling us inside the heads of fictional characters and even, studies suggest, increasing our real-life capacity for empathy (认同).

None of this is likely to happen when we’re browsing through a website. Although we call the activity by the same name, the deep reading of books and the information-driven reading we do on the Web are very different, both in the experience they produce and in the capacities they develop. A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less engaging and less satisfying, even for the “digital natives” to whom it is so familiar. Last month, for example,   Britain’s National Literacy Trust released the results of a study of 34,910 young people aged 8 to 16. Researchers reported that 39% of children and teens read daily using electronic devices, but only 28% read printed materials every day. Those who read only onscreen were three times less likely to say they enjoy reading very much and a third less likely to have a favorite book. The study also found that young people who read daily only onscreen were nearly two times less likely to be above-average readers than those who read daily in print or both in print and onscreen.

1. What does the author say about ^“deep reading”?

A．It serves as a complement to online reading.

B．It should be preserved before it is too late.

C．It is mainly suitable for reading literature.

D．It is an indispensable part of education.

2. Why does the author advocate the reading of literature?

A．It helps promote readers’ intellectual and emotional growth.

B．It enables readers to appreciate the complexity of language.

C．It helps readers build up immersive reading habits.

D．It is quickly becoming an endangered practice.

3. In what way does printed-page reading differ from online reading?

A．It ensures the reader’s cognitive growth.

B．It enables the reader to be fully engaged.

C．It activates a different region of the brain.

D．It helps the reader learn rhetorical devices.

4. What do we learn from the study released by Britain’s National Literacy Trust?

A．Onscreen readers may be less competent readers.

B．Those who do reading in print are less informed.

C．Young people find reading onscreen more enjoyable.

D．It is now easier to find a favorite book online to read.

【推荐3】Microplastic pollution has been detected in human blood for the first time, with scientists finding the tiny particles(微粒) in almost 80% of the people tested.

The discovery shows the particles can travel around the body and may live in organs.The impact on health is as yet unknown. But researchers are concerned as microplastics cause damage to human cells in the laboratory and air pollution particles are already known to enter the body and cause millions of early deaths a year.

Huge amounts of plastic waste are left in the environment and microplastics now pollute the entire planet, from the top of Mount Everest to the deepest oceans. People were already known to consume the tiny particles via food and water as well as breathing them in, and they have been found in the faeces (排泄物) of babies and adults.

The scientists analysed blood samples from 22 healthy adults and found plastic particles in 17. Half the samples contained PET plastic, which is commonly used in drinks bottles, while a third contained polystyrene, used for packaging food and other products. A quarter of the blood samples contained polyethylene, from which plastic carrier bags are made.

“Our study is the first indication that we have polymer particles(聚合物颗粒) in our blood — it's a breakthrough result,” said Prof Dick Vethaak, an expert at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands. “But we have to extend the research and increase the sample sizes, the number of polymers assessed, etc.” Further studies by a number of groups are already under way, he said.

“It is certainly reasonable to be concerned,” Vethaak said. “The particles are there and are transported throughout the body.”He said previous work had shown that microplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces of babies compared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bottles are taking millions of microplastic particles a day.

Vethaak acknowledged that the amount and type of plastic varied considerably between the blood samples. “But this is a pioneering study,”he said, with more work now needed. He said the differences might reflect short-term exposure before the blood samples were taken, such as drinking from a plastic-lined coffee cup, or wearing a plastic face mask. "

The big question is what is happening in our body?" Vethaak said. “Are the particles retained in the body? Are they transported to certain organs, such as getting past the blood-brain barrier? And are these levels sufficiently high to cause disease? We urgently need to fund further research so we can find out. ”

1. What could be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A．Air Pollution particles can cause death eventually.

B．Microplastics can be deadly to humans.

C．There is no evidence that microplastics harm human cells.

D．Microplastics can travel throughout body and damage organs.

2. What can we learn about microplastics from Paragraph 4?

A．They are found in most people.

B．Polyethylene found in blood samples might be taken from drinks bottles.

C．A quarter of the blood samples contained PET particles.

D．Half of the microplastics in the blood samples were likely introduced by drinking from plastic containers.

3. The underlined part “this is a pioneering study”in Paragraph 7 probably means______       .

A．we are the pioneers in the field of plastic research	B．we need more blood examples
C．we are entering a whole new field of research	D．this is an extremely important study

4. Which section of the newspaper may this article be found in?

A．Political.

B．Fashion.

C．Food.

D．Environment.

【推荐1】The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System（BDS）is a Chinese satellite navigation system. It consists of two separate satellite constellations（星座）. The first BeiDou system, officially called the BeiDou Satellite Navigation Experimental System and also known as BeiDou-1, consists of three satellites, which since 2000 has offered limited coverage and navigation services, mainly for users in China and neighboring regions. Beidou-1 was decommissioned at the end of 2012.

The second generation of the system, known as COMPASS or BeiDou-2, became operational in China in December 2011 with a partial constellation of 10 satellites in orbit. Since December 2012, it has been offering services to customers in the Asia-Pacific region.

In 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system（BeiDou-3）in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched on 30 March 2015. Up to January 2018, nine BeiDou-3 satellites have been launched. BeiDou-3 will eventually consist of 35 satellites and is expected to provide global services upon completion in 2020. So far, China has sent 27 BeiDou satellites into space. When fully completed, BeiDou, the world’s fourth navigation satellite system, following GPS in the United States, GLONASS in Russia and Galileo in the European Union, will provide an alternative global navigation satellite system to the United States owned Global Positioning System（GPS）, and is expected to be more accurate than the GPS. It was claimed in 2016 that BeiDou-3 will reach millimeter-level accuracy（with post-processing）, which is ten times more accurate than the finest level of GPS.

According to China Daily, in 2015, fifteen years after the satellite system was launched, it was generating a turnover of $31.5 billion annually for major companies such as China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp, AutoNavi Holdings Ltd, and China North Industries Group Corp.

1. What does the underlined word “decommissioned” in the 1st paragraph mean?

A．out of service	B．out of control
C．under repair	D．under work

2. How many BeiDou-3 satellites had been sent into space by January 2018?

A．3.	B．9.
C．27.	D．35.

3. Which of the following statements about BDS is true according to the passage?

A．Beidou-2 began to operate in December, 2012.

B．Beidou-1 cannot cover all the Asia-Pacific regions.

C．Beidou-3 had reached the finest accuracy of GPS by 2016.

D．BDS ranks fourth among the existing navigation satellite systems in the world.

4. What is the passage mainly about?

A．The service of BDS.

B．The accuracy of BDS.

C．The development of BDS.

D．The comparisons among the satellite systems.

【推荐2】When thinking about shadow puppetry (皮影戏), most Chinese people are reminded of their experience of watching shadow play in some temple fairs during big festivals when they were little. But now, one can enjoy a whole shadow show just by putting on a Virtual Reality (VR) headset, which makes shadow puppetry easily accessible to us.

This VR game is designed by China Institute of Art Science & Technology affiliated (附属的) to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. “We’ve been looking for a connection between traditional art and modern technology, hoping that the people can appreciate the beauty of shadow puppetry and get to know more about this traditional art via the VR game,” said the VR game designer Zhang Qing, associate professor with the institute.

Shadow puppetry is a Chinese folk art known for its unique storytelling techniques via figures made from cowhide (牛皮) and a lit-up backdrop (幕布) that creates the illusion (幻觉) of moving images, which can date back more than 2,000 years to the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). However, as films and TV series gradually became major entertainment options since the late 1980s, shadow plays declined, with many performers shifting jobs.

In order to bring the ancient art back to life via VR, Zhang, together with her team, has been to many shadow puppetry museums across the country and visited puppeteers at Houma city in north China’s Shanxi Province where Shadow puppetry once became successful.

As the VR industry is heating up in China, the cutting-edge technology was recently adopted in many aspects in culture and tourism. For example, in Shanghai, with a simple scan to the QR codes on the wall of the historical architecture, visitors can know culture and history behind old bricks with text, audio video and 360 VR Panoramas in the smartphone.

Another VR plus intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage (遗产) project of Zhang has been put on the agenda. “Peking Opera and Kunqu opera are next attempt. With a VR headset, people would feel like one of the performers on the stage in the virtual environment. It would be a brand-new approach to access traditional Chinese opera. ” Zhang said.

1. In the majority’s impression, where was Chinese shadow puppetry usually played?

A．On an audio video.	B．In a historical architecture.
C．At a museum.	D．At a temple fair.

2. What is the author’s attitude towards the VR headset?

A．Favorable.	B．Doubtful.
C．Reserved.	D．Contradictory.

3. What does Zhang Qing plan to do in the near future?

A．Ask puppeteers to learn more about the art.

B．Visit Shanghai to know its culture and history.

C．Design 360 VR Panoramas in the smartphone.

D．Combine VR with Peking Opera and Kunqu opera.

4. What’s the best title for the whole text?

A．VR Helps Chinese Shadow Puppetry out of Shadow

B．VR Becomes a Brand-new Way to Access Tourism

C．Shadow Puppetry Wins Affection

D．Traditional Art Goes out of Focus

【推荐3】Japanese technology giant Toshiba has built a huge “clean” factory farm where it is growing various types of lettuce (生菜) leaves without sunlight or soil for sale in its new healthcare business. Located in a disused 21,000-square-foot electronics factory in Yokosuka, Toshiba announces to have created a perfect “bacteria free” environment where it will grow three million bags of lettuce a year. Therefore, the company will make more money than before.

Completely cut off form conditions outside the temperature controlled tank, lettuce inspectors wear full body suits while making notes on the quality and growth of the leaves on their iPads in order to prevent the air around the plants becoming polluted. Each plant is given man-made lighting to trick it into believing it is exposed to sunlight, while vitamins and nutrients are put directly into its roots, meaning the lettuce does not need soil.

Toshiba’s new high-tech farm may produce the world’s highest quality lettuce. The final product will be free of any form of bacteria or insect life before being placed into sealed bags, which should ensure the product has a longer shelf life than other normal lettuces. The gardening technique aims to have a bacteria amount of no more than 1/1000^th – much lower than that found in normal gardening soil.

Toshiba aims to harvest three million bags of leaf lettuce, baby leaf greens, cabbages and other kinds of vegetables every year – with each bag likely to cost people 1 pound. The most important thing in organic vegetables, the lettuce requires no pesticides but is expected to have a similar shelf to plants that have been heavily treated with chemicals.

The lettuce factory is no marketing trick by Toshiba, however. Instead it represents the company’s latest attempt to expand its technology-led business. There are already plans for the technology giant to build similar factories around the world over the coming years – and it will also be selling the high tech equipment that allows factories to produce similar products of exceptionally high quality.

1. What is the purpose of Toshiba in planting the new type of lettuce?

A．To make a profit.

B．To do scientific research.

C．To improve the healthcare.

D．To increase the production.

2. What is the advantage of the new type of lettuce?

A．It is more nutritious.

B．It is easy to plant.

C．It is much cheaper.

D．It is pollution-free.

3. We can learn from the text that the lettuce in Toshiba’s factory farm _________.

A．needs soil to grow

B．has to be exposed to sunlight

C．can be stored longer than the normal

D．gains vitamins and nutrients from man-made lighting

4. What is the main idea of this text?

A．The process of planting lettuce.

B．The new way of planting lettuce.

C．The brief introduction of Toshiba.

D．The development of a factory farm.