According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the effect is greater, the younger people learn a second language.
A team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli, from University College London, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density (密度) in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference.
"Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language," said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills. "Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible (灵活的),"he said. "You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas."
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of two and 34. Reading, writing, and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. "Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists.
1. The main subject talked about in this passage is ______.
A.science on learning a second language |
B.man’s ability of learning a second language |
C.1anguage can help brain power |
D.1anguage learning and maths study |
A.say language is also a kind of physical labor |
B.prove that one needs more practice when he (she) is learning a language |
C.to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language |
D.make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well |
A.the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is |
B.there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second language |
C.the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people's brain |
D.the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time |
A.a researcher on language learning |
B.a person who is good at learning foreign languages |
C.a person who can speak two languages |
D.an active language learner |
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【推荐1】Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”, often used in a situation---a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm?
A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm---a single-cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main stream of current, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.
As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapor in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles(颗粒) like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.
This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air is squeezed out at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.
Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!
1. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?A.A thunderstorm with a single shape. |
B.A thunderstorm without strong winds. |
C.A storm with air drawn from every direction. |
D.A storm fueled by moving air from the ground. |
A.Warm and wet air. | B.Warm and dry air. |
C.Cold and wet air. | D.Cold and dry air. |
A.Presence of the calm relies on stable air. |
B.All thunderstorms don’t start with the calm. |
C.The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be. |
D.Storm happens without air moving up and down. |
A.A brief introduction of a peaceful storm. |
B.A personal experience of a heavy storm. |
C.An explanation of the calm before a storm. |
D.An analysis of causes and effects of a storm. |
【推荐2】Phonetic (语音) information—the smallest sound elements of speech - is considered by researchers to be the basis of language. Babies are thought to learn these small sound elements and add them together to make words. But a new study suggests that phonetic information is learnt too late and slowly for this to be the case. Instead, rhythmic (有韵律的) speech helps babies learn language and is effective even in the first few months of life.
Researchers from the Trinity College Dublin investigated babies’ ability to process phonetic information during their first year. Their study, published in the journal Nature Communications. found that phonetic information wasn’t successfully encoded (编码) until seven months old, and did not occur very often at 11 months old when babies began to say their first words. From then individual speech sounds are still added in very slowly—too slowly to form the basis of language.
The researchers recorded patterns of brain activity in 50 babies at four, seven, and eleven months old as they watched a video of a primary school teacher singing 18 nursery rhymes (童谣) to a baby. They found that phonetic encoding in babies appeared inchmeal over the first year of life, beginning with labial sounds (e.g. “d” for “daddy”) and nasal sounds (e.g. “m” for “mummy”), with the “read out” progressively looking more like that of adults.
“The reason why we use nursery rhymes is because that is the best way for babies to discover and connect sounds with language, so we are teaching them how to speak,” said Giovanni Di Liberto, lead author of the study at Trinity College Dublin in Ireland. “Parents should talk and sing to their babies as much as possible or use baby-directed speech because it will make a difference to language outcome,” she added.
1. What should babies learn in the first few months of life according to the new study?A.Small sound elements | B.Rhythmic information. |
C.Phonetic information. | D.Individual words. |
A.The poor phonetic encoding in babies. | B.The advantages of phonetic information. |
C.The babies’ great ability to learn language. | D.The babies’ growing process in the first year. |
A.Gradually. | B.Suddenly. | C.Successfully. | D.Occasionally. |
A.When Babies Are Able to Say Their First Words |
B.How Phonetic Information Changes Over Time |
C.Why Phonetic Is Better Than Rhythmic for Babies |
D.Why Babies Need Nursery Rhymes for Language Mastery |
【推荐3】When Amelia thinks about her freshman year two years ago, she remembers being tardy to her 8 a.m. first period class from time to time. “It was so hard to wake up in the morning,” she said. “I had to bike to school and I lived on the other side of the island.”
Like other teens, mornings area struggle because she had several hours of homework and extracurricular activities the night before, but research shows that’s not the entire story. According to psychotherapists, Heather Turgeon and Julie Wright in their book Generation Sleepless, today's teens are sleepier than ever and earlier school start time is disturbing their body's circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm.
“One of the things that happens somewhere around age 12 is that their brain clock becomes set to a later pace,” said Turgeon, which put sateen about two hours behind the sleep schedule of a young child or an adult. “That means they want to go to sleep later and they want to wake up later,” she said.
“We consider adequate sleep —the very lowest amount—to be about eight hours,” said Wright. However, the average sleep time for high school students is usually about 6.5 hours. And missing out on just a couple hours of rest each night has negative consequences for developing teenage brains.
When a teen is tired, the amygdala—which is the part of the brain that responds to danger—will become more active. And the parts of the brain that are in charge of judgment become less active. Sleep issues are commonly associated with anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder (双相情感障碍) and ADHD (多动症). “We see teens with very serious mental health issues and accidents and soon things that parents really worry about—and getting enough sleep addresses those issues.”
Even with research showing that letting students sleep well contributes to better academic performance, lower truancy (旷课) rates and improved mental health, there has been pushback from parents and school districts about delaying the start of the school day.
1. What does the underlined word “tardy” probably m can in paragraph 1?A.Late. | B.Busy. | C.Tired. | D.Excited. |
A.They feel more tired than ever | B.They sleep later and wakeup later. |
C.They have about 6.5 hours of sleep | D.They sleep about two hours later than adults. |
A.The teens are always feeling tired |
B.The amygdala becomes more active. |
C.The lack of sleep causes many problems. |
D.The teenagers have trouble sleeping |
A.Favorable | B.Doubtful | C.Ambiguous. | D.Disapproving |
【推荐1】A recent study in the science publication Joule says there are enough rare earth metals (稀土金属) on Earth for new “low-carbon electricity generation” technologies. The researchers said the amount of minerals available is enough to supply a switch to renewable energy and more mining is needed to make more of the valuable metals available to industry.
Rare earth metals are in demand for products such as magnets, wind turbines (涡轮机), solar panels and computers. All are part of the “green energy” push to remove carbon gases from electricity generation.
Zeke Hausfather, an expert who works at a technology company called Stripe and at Berkeley Earth, called the process “big and messy”. But he thinks reducing carbon gases, or “decarbonization”, can be done. He said he is not worried about the long-term supply of rare earth materials.
However, the scientists warn that in the early days of the switch to green energy, there will be shortages. For example, there could be a shortage of the element called dysprosium. It is used to make strong magnets. Industry will require three times more of the metal than is produced now. However, there is 12 times more dysprosium available than needed, the researchers said.
Another element is tellurium, which is used in large groups of solar panels, called solar farms. There is just enough of that material available if the world makes a fast push to solar power, the researchers said. In addition, there are other materials that can be used instead of tellurium if needed.
Daniel Ibarra, an environment professor at Brown University, told the Associated Press that the study is forceful and “debunks” concerns about running out of rare earth materials. He said the main question is whether production of the materials can keep up with demand.
The United States Geological Survey reports that the countries with the largest supplies of rare earth metals are China, Vietnam, Russia and Myanmar, also known as Burma.
1. What is Zeke Hausfather’s attitude towards the storage of rare earth metal?A.Confident. | B.Skeptical. | C.Uncertain. | D.Indifferent. |
A.compare it with other elements |
B.indicate its wide existence in nature |
C.stress its importance in industrial production |
D.show its shortage in the early change to green energy |
A.have doubt about | B.show something false |
C.be certain about | D.prove something correct |
A.Necessity of Mining for Renewable Energy |
B.Concerns about Shortage of Rare Earth Metals |
C.Rare Earth Metals Are Enough for Green Energy |
D.Low-carbon Technologies Are Developing Fast |
【推荐2】For breeding (繁殖) birds, timing is everything. Most species have just a narrow window to get the food they need to feed chicks. Now, after analyzing data that span from 1975 to 2017, a science team suggests that as the climate warms, birds are not only breeding earlier, but their breeding windows are also narrowed—some by as many as 4 to 5 days.
On average, the beginnings and ends of the breeding periods are occurring earlier in the year. However, the ends are shifting back faster than the beginnings, resulting in an average breeding window that is 1.7 days shorter in 2017 than it was in 1975. During that same period, Finland’s average temperature rose by 0.8℃, suggesting many bird species are actively responding to changing temperatures, Hällfors, who led the team, says.
“It’s good for the species if it’s able to follow the optimum conditions as the climate changes,” she says. However, the shorter breeding windows mean more birds are breeding earlier in the season—a risky time for chicks’ survival, especially if the weather turns suddenly cold. In addition, because many late-season species are shifting their breeding windows up, that could mean more competition for food and nesting sites early on, leaving some chicks to go hungry.
Lucyna Halupka, an ecologist at the University of Wroclaw, calls the study “a very important paper” because it’s one of the few ways to measure the breeding period duration. For 2 decades, she says, many scientists studying birds and climate change have looked only at the earliest, median (中间的), or mean laying dates for specific groups of birds. However, she reminds that because the study is limited to Finland, the findings may not apply universally; future studies should examine how breeding seasons move in other regions where the effect of climate change is different. They should also try to determine how shifting breeding windows affect population sizes, she says.
1. What did the scientists find?A.The weather in Finland becomes warmer. |
B.It is becoming more difficult for birds to breed. |
C.The birds in Finland spend fewer days breeding. |
D.There isn’t enough food for some chicks in Finland. |
A.Exact. | B.Proper. | C.Changeable. | D.Dangerous. |
A.It is carried out in a different way. |
B.It is helpful for people to protect the birds. |
C.It opens a window for people to learn about these birds. |
D.It demonstrates the living situation of the birds on earth. |
A.Scientists Revealed the Secrets of Birds’ Breeding |
B.Scientists Take Steps to Protect the Birds in the Wild |
C.Birds Play a Role in Fighting Against Global Warming |
D.Birds’ Breeding Windows Are Affected by Global Warming |
【推荐3】One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might someday get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)?” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents — and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters (培养) leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not responsible. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) of passage.
Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoor citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
1. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that ________.A.kids miss the sense of wonder outdoors |
B.parks are in danger of being gradually encroached |
C.Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods |
D.children are expected to develop into protectors of nature |
A.be less healthy both physically and mentally |
B.be over-protected by their parents |
C.keep a high sense of wonder |
D.change wild places and creatures for the better |
A.the fault on the part of their parents |
B.the natural experience in their growing up |
C.the result of their own carelessness in play |
D.the effect of their repetitive stress from computers |
A.Weaken. | B.Strengthen. | C.Lower. | D.Decease. |
A.blame children for getting lost in computer games |
B.encourage children to protect parks from encroachment |
C.show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature |
D.inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around |
【推荐1】Learning is so complex that there are many different psychological theories to explain how people learn. A psychologist named Albert Bandura suggested a social learning theory which shows that observation, imitation (模仿), and modeling play a primary role in this process.
In Albert Bandura’s opinion, people can learn through observation. Observational learning doesn’t even necessarily require watching another person join in an activity. We can also learn by reading, hearing, or watching the actions of characters in books and films. However, just observing someone else’s actions isn’t always enough to lead to learning. Your own mental state also plays an important role in determining whether a behavior is learned or not. In addition, though in many cases, learning can be seen immediately when the new behavior is displayed, yet sometimes we can learn things even though that learning might not be immediately obvious, which means people can learn new information without showing new behaviors.
Not all observed behaviors are effectively learned. Certain requirements need to be related to the observational learning process. For example, you need to be paying attention. Also your retention is an important part of observational learning as you need to pull up information later and act on it during the process. Once you’ve paid attention to the model and kept the information, it’s time to actually perform the behavior you observed. Further practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement. Finally, you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled.
Social learning theory have many real-world applications. For example, researchers employ it to look into and understand ways that positive role models can be used to encourage desirable behaviors. Besides, it’s also applied in the field of education, and today, both teachers and parents recognize how important it is to model appropriate behaviors.
1. What can we infer about observational learning from Paragraph 2?A.Its effects on a person tend to be very obvious. |
B.Its effectiveness is determined by the mental state. |
C.Its most useful means should be careful watching. |
D.It doesn’t necessarily lead to a change in behavior. |
A.Curiosity. | B.Creativity. |
C.Memory. | D.Imagination. |
A.Learn to be judgmental. | B.Look for a motivator. |
C.Try to be imaginative. | D.Focus on the process. |
A.was doubted at first | B.remains to be tested |
C.is of practical use | D.is based on experiments |
【推荐2】How Plants Branch Out to Access Water
New research has discovered how plant roots sense the availability of water in soil and then adapt (适应)their shape to acquire water. The discovery could enable crops to be raised which are more adaptive to changes in climate conditions, such as the absence of water, and help ensure food safety in the future.
These findings, published in the journal Science, describe a new mechanism(机制) discovered by cooperating teams at the universities of Nottingham and Durham.
Roots are very important for plants to acquire water and nutrients(营养)from the soil. Water is necessary to plant growth , yet changing climatic conditions makes acquiring water from soil even more challenging. Plants are able to adapt to different soil moisture(湿润)conditions by changing their roots.
The researchers discovered that plant roots lacking a branching master gene were no longer able to branch out. They found that when roots have access to moisture, the certain gene remains active and promotes root branching, but when put in air, the gene is in activated, preventing root branching. The research has identified the certain protein which can inactivate root branching.
Professor Sadanandom explained: "This is hugely exciting as it opens up the possibility for us to help develop plants that could continue to branch roots even in challenging conditions such as the absence of water.''
Professor Bennett concluded: "Water is the key to plant growth, development and their survival. By studying how plant roots change their branching in response(回应)to water availability, we have uncovered a new mechanism. This opens the way to develop new crops better adapted to climate change and to help deliver global food safety."
It is absolutely imperative to ensure food safety worldwide. Crop production must double by 2050 to keep pace with global population growth. This target is even more challenging considering the effect of climate change on water availability. In this case, developing crops with better ability to acquire water would provide a solution.
1. The findings of the research may have a positive effect on several global issues EXCEPTA.ensuring food safety | B.preserving the agriculture |
C.solving the absence of water | D.increasing crop production |
A.take in more nutrients | B.change inactivated roots |
C.grow in challenging conditions | D.branch out without a special gene. |
A.effective. | B.hopeful. |
C.impractical. | D.urgent. |
A.How a branching master gene responds to a particular nutrient. |
B.How plant roots change their shape according to the soil moisture. |
C.Why plants have different abilities to adapt to soil moisture conditions. |
D.How the certain protein in activates root branching when accessible to water. |
【推荐3】A person, like a commodity, needs packaging. But going too far is absolutely undesirable. A little exaggeration, however, does no harm when it shows the person’s unique qualities to their advantages. To show personal attractiveness in a casual and natural way, it is important for one to have a clear knowledge of oneself. A skilled packager knows how to add art to nature without any signs of embellishment, so that the person so packaged is not a commodity but a human being, lively and lovely.
A young person, especially a female, shining with beauty and full of life, has all the favor granted by God. Any attempt to make up would be self-defeating. Youth, however, comes and goes in a flash. Packaging for the middle-aged is primarily to hide the marks made by years. If you still enjoy life enough to keep self-confidence and work at pioneering work, you are unique in your natural qualities, and your attractiveness and grace will remain. Elderly people are beautiful if their river of life has been, through plains, mountains and jungles, running its course as it should. You have really lived your life, which now arrives at a self-satisfied stage of quietness and calmness with no interest in fame or wealth. There is no need to make use of hair dyeing. The snowcapped mountain itself is itself a beautiful scene of fairyland. Let your looks change from young to old in step with the natural ageing process so as to keep in harmony with nature, for harmony itself is beauty, while the other way round will only end in unpleasantness. To be in the company of the elderly is like reading a thick book of (better quality) edition, which attracts one so much that one is unwilling to part with it.
As long as one finds where one stands, one knows how to package oneself, just as a commodity sets up its brand by the right packaging.
1. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.A.people should be packaged at all ages |
B.people should be packaged in a special way |
C.elderly people also care about packaging |
D.proper packaging makes people attractive |
A.dye your hair | B.wear makeup at a young age |
C.follow the aging process | D.give up fame and wealth |
A.dyeing one’s black hair white |
B.keeping in harmony with nature |
C.packaging oneself skillfully |
D.packaging oneself to hide the traces of aging |
A.they are usually packaged like a finely-made book |
B.they experience a lot and have rich knowledge of life |
C.they are unique in natural qualities |
D.they enjoy reading thick books of beautiful nature and fairyland |
【推荐1】Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis’ Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the “sun” again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the cast sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. Ai night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day, or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone, called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.” he said. “We’re currently testing this idea.”
1. Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?A.To see how sunflowers grow up. |
B.To show what sunflowers’ genes are. |
C.To study why sunflowers track the sun. |
D.To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days. |
A.Tracking. | B.Fastening. |
C.Preserving. | D.Researching. |
A.They won’t grow well. |
B.They will grow faster than usual. |
C.They won’t swing back though set free. |
D.They will produce a number of new genes. |
A.They attract more insects. | B.They save more energy. |
C.They mature more rapidly. | D.They produce more flowers. |
【推荐2】Teenagers who travel around the world alone have been making headlines quite often. A young person alone in a dangerous situation attracts attention and sponsors. Young sailors also attract various views. For example, Jessica Watson was asked by the government to cancel her voyage yet the Prime Minister called her "a hero for young Australians'' when she returned. It seemed there is confusion about the competence and independence of young people.
The popular psychologists tell us that teenage brains are likely to make wrong judgments. But such ideas often do not apply to specific individuals .Between the ages of 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amount of independence that each is allowed should be determined not simply by their age but by discussion with the related, responsible adults. Some teens are certainly inexperienced and capable of childish mistakes, but the ones who attempt dangerous journeys normally do so by winning the confidence of hard-headed and well-qualified adult supporters.
But it’s also wrong to think that any 16-year old can desire to get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watson’s. Watson calls herself "an ordinary girl who had a dream". Her intention is to encourage teenagers but this idea can have the opposite effect of making them feel not good enough because great achievements are beyond them. Should all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers who travel around the world alone should not be judged by preconceived(事先形成的)views about young people. Nor should young “ordinary” teenagers feel pressure to long for extraordinary personal goals. In fact, I believe the example of solo sailing overstresses individualism. The teenage years are when most of us "ordinary" people learn that we can achieve great things in cooperation with others.
1. Why is Jessica Watson mentioned in the first paragraph?A.To praise Jessica’s great achievement. |
B.To point out the media's interest in young people. |
C.To introduce a divided idea about young people's adventures. |
D.To show the Prime Minister's attitude against the government. |
A.They need supports of responsible adults. |
B.Their abilities vary with the level of independence, |
C.They tend to make wrong decisions between 14 and 18. |
D.Their attempts in dangerous journeys prove their lacking experience. |
A.Dreams need encouragement |
B.Teenagers should have wild dreams. |
C.Everyone would accomplish what Jessica has done. |
D.Ordinary teens could also make great achievements, |
A.Supportive, | B.Doubtful. | C.Unconcerned. | D.Sympathetic. |
【推荐3】When Liberia was my home, they called it sweet. Sweet was the word I remembered the most during the war. When I was five, my father, two sisters and I fled from Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia, and headed north on foot among panicked masses of criers - a journey that ended in a village where we hid from flying bullets (子弹). Every dawn, my sisters and I joined my father and covered the pages of his small journal with words. My favorite word to write was “sweet,” one that had the power to numb the reality of our 6-month abandonment by peace and civilization.
Eventually, we were considered the lucky ones: part of the wave of refugees who left Liberia in 1990 to settle in America. My mother studied at Columbia University at the time, and we made our new home in her dormitory while awaiting her graduation. My father who left early in the mornings looked for work or news of a possible return to Liberia, only to return home with nothing to give us but new words to write in notebooks. He quickly found that the education he received in Liberia was not good enough for an engineering job in the United States. So he took whatever job he could find to make sure we always had food on the table - and books.
In 2011, I founded a children’s book publishing company: One Moore Book. It provides children’s literature for the children of countries with low literacy (识字) rates and underrepresented cultures by publishing culturally relevant books that have something meaningful to say to them. My hope is to give children the peace I was given through the words of my father, by allowing them to see themselves in literature. I also think it is important to provide books about foreign countries to children in the United States, to increase the overall awareness of the world outside them.
I will never be able to give my father back the twenty years he spent working to educate us, or the home and life in Liberia he lost. I repay his sacrifice (牺牲) by honoring the education he fought for and offering my art to the world, with stories that make the histories of my people come alive, and with words to live by.
1. What was the author’s family’s life like in Liberia?A.Sweet and peaceful. |
B.Frightening but positive. |
C.Comfortable but boring. |
D.Adventurous and exciting. |
A.He was crazy about reading. |
B.He regretted moving to America. |
C.He worked hard to raise his family. |
D.He tried to receive a higher education. |
A.To meet poor children’s growing demands. |
B.To provide multicultural books for children. |
C.To support her father’s books about Liberia. |
D.To help immigrants understand American culture. |
A.Her pity for her father’s suffering. |
B.Her thanks to her father’s devotion. |
C.Her pride in working for her people. |
D.Her disappointment over the life in Liberia. |