Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.
Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.
Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robed Hutchins.
Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.
Although Tyler officially retired (退休) in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives (目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.
1. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler’s memoir?| A．Top managers. |
| B．Language learners. |
| C．Serious educators. |
| D．Science researchers. |
| A．attracted to teaching |
| B．tired of teaching |
| C．satisfied with teaching |
| D．unhappy about teaching |
| A．The University of Chicago. |
| B．Stanford University. |
| C．Ohio State University. |
| D．Nebraska University. |
| A．he developed a new method of testing |
| B．he called for free spirit in research |
| C．he was still active in giving advice |
| D．he still led the Eight-Year Study |
相似题推荐
Text 1: In the churchyard
Well, get me a fle(锉刀) and some wittles(食物).And bring them to me tomorrow momning early. And don't tell anyone that you have seen me. if you don't do exactly what I've told you, I'll cut out your heart, roast it and cat it!
Text 2: At the moment when he was arrested
I took some wittles, from a house in the village over there. The one near the church. From the blacksmith's. I was hungry so I took a pork and some bread. I'm sorry. It was a good pic.
Text 3: At Pip s house
When I was sent to the other side of the worid. I thought about you all the time. I was working for you. It made me happy to think that you were spending my money. Yes, Pip, it was me. I made you a gentleman.
1. What can we learn from Text 1?| A．Magwitch was a cruel killer. |
| B．Magwitch was a penniless beggar. |
| C．Magwitch was a dangerous convict. |
| D．Magwitch was a church care-taker. |
| A．He preferred a pie rather than a pork |
| B．He did steal food from the blacksmith's. |
| C．He was arrested by the police for his theft. |
| D．He told a lie of his theft to protect his helper. |
| A．He had been helped by Pip to make a big fortune. |
| B．He had been helped by Pip with some bread and a pork. |
| C．He had been helped by Pip to cover the truth of his theft. |
| D．He had been helped by Pip to the other side of the world. |
| A．Grateful and generous. | B．Fierce and cruel. |
| C．Honest and hard-working. | D．Unkind and insensitive. |
| A．A man who works very hard to earn a living. |
| B．A man who leads a rich and respectable life. |
| C．A man who lives happily with family and friends. |
| D．A man who gets wealth and happiness from others. |
【推荐2】Pennsylvania-When Connie Beck and her husband awoke to strange noises last weekend, they thought high winds were rattling their home. What they found was even more unexpected: A deer was taking a bubble bath in their bathtub. “I wasn’t exactly dressed for company,” Mrs. Beck said. “We were just waking up.” The deer burst through the front door early on Saturday, ran past the couple’s bedroom and into the bathroom. Somehow he managed to turn on the water in the bathtub and knock over a bottle of bubble bath into the bathtub. He then got himself into the bubbly water. “You could hear the water running over the kicking,” Beck said. The Becks called State Game Commission officials, who arrived with tranquilizers and a lot of laughter. “A guy said, ‘There’s nothing wrong… he’s just in there taking a bubble bath,’” Mrs. Beck said. The animal was soon brought under control, removed from the house and released. “He was unharmed except for a little cut above the eye,” said Mrs. Beck. “We were also fortunate. There wasn’t much damage, except for the front door, some marks on the tub, and a few hoof prints on the floor.”
1. When did the story take place?| A．On the night of Friday. | B．On the late night of Saturday. |
| C．On the early morning of Saturday. | D．On Sunday evening. |
| A．was joking about the incident | B．meant she never liked people to visit |
| C．explained she was about to go to work | D．wished she could have new clothes |
| A．managed to cover himself with bubbles | B．kicked over the tub |
| C．began to swim in the tub | D．happened to turn on the bath taps |
| A．the deer was set free |
| B．the deer destroyed the tub and the floor |
| C．the officials made fun of the couple |
| D．the officials discovered the deer was badly injured in the eye |
【推荐3】Every year, billions of kilograms of fresh produce are wasted in the United States. Meanwhile, millions of poor Americans go hungry, without access to healthy and affordable meals.
Evan Lutz is enthusiastic about correcting that social injustice. And he combines that goal with enthusiasm for business. Lutz is CEO and founder of Hungry Harvest, a business which collects and sells “ugly” produce. These are fruits and vegetables that most food companies would throw away. More than six billion pounds are wasted each year due to surface imperfections.
“So I’ll give you an example.” Lutz says, “If you go to a grocery store you will see all the produce lineup shiny, perfect, of the same size and color. But on a farm, everything doesn’t grow the same way. So all that stuff that doesn’t grow the same way often gets thrown out. And what we do is take all that normally gets thrown out because of its odd size or shape, box it up and deliver it to our customers once a week.”
For Evan Lutz, giving back to others came form his upbringing. “When I was growing up, my parents taught me the values of giving back, and giving is a lot more powerful than receiving. We sell produce with a purpose and that doesn’t just mean we reduce food from going to waste. We hire people that were formerly in prison or were formerly injured or sick living in homeless shelters. They really wanted to get back on their feet for a second chance in life.”
Evan Lutz is really happy to be realizing great mission that he thinks can really revolutionize the food industry in America.
1. The social injustice in Paragraph 2 refers to the fact that _________.| A．vegetables and fruits that don’t taste good are thrown away |
| B．grocery stores only sell produce of the same size |
| C．poor Americans can not afford healthy food |
| D．much produce gets wasted while many Americans starve |
| A．Deliver food for free. | B．Collect “ugly” produce and sell it. |
| C．Raise money for the poor. | D．Buy “ugly” produce and process it. |
| A．To provide them with a job. | B．To reduce labor costs. |
| C．To increase productivity. | D．To earn a better reputation. |
| A．Creating More Jobs for the Less Fortunate. |
| B．Putting Healthy Food on Dinner Table. |
| C．Giving Unused Produce a Purpose. |
| D．Making Profits from Shiny Produce. |
【推荐1】I once met a well-known botanist at a dinner party. I had never talked with a botanist before, and I found him very interesting. I sat there absorbed and listened while he spoke of unusual plants and his experiments (he even told me astonishing facts about the simple potato). I had a small indoor garden of my own—and he was good enough to tell me how to solve some of my problems.
As I said, we were at a dinner party. There must have been a dozen other guests, but I broke an important rule of politeness. I ignored everyone else and talked for hours to the botanist.
Midnight came. I said good night to everyone and departed. The botanist then turned to our host and said many nice things about me, including that I was a “most interesting conversationalist”.
An interesting conversationalist? I had said hardly anything at all. I couldn’t have said anything if I had wanted to without changing the subject, for I didn’t know any more about plants than I knew about sharks.
But I had done this one thing; I had listened carefully. I listened because I was really interested. And he felt it. Naturally that pleased him. That kind of listening is one of the best ways to show respect to others, and it makes them feel great too. “Few human beings,” wrote Jack Woodford in Strangers in Love, “can resist the sweet effect of rapt attention.” I went even further than that. I was “sincere in my admiration and generous in my praise”. I told him that I had been hugely entertained and instructed. I told him I wished I had his knowledge. I told him that I should love to wander the fields with him. What’s more, it was all true.
And so I had him thinking of me as a good conversationalist when, in reality, I had only been a good listener and had encouraged him to talk.
1. From Paragraph 1, we can learn that the writer__________.| A．was deeply moved by the botanist’s talk |
| B．was amazed by what he was hearing |
| C．was not in a comfortable situation |
| D．behaved politely and properly |
| A．Avoiding discussions about politics and religion. |
| B．Listening carefully to what another guest says. |
| C．Arriving and leaving at the appropriate time. |
| D．Giving attention to all those in attendance. |
| A．full understanding | B．strong interest |
| C．great uncertainty | D．little curiosity |
| A．Listening attentively and encouraging the other side to continue. |
| B．Encouraging the other side by sharing his/her own opinions. |
| C．Promising a future meeting for more communication. |
| D．Expressing respect by nodding his/her head. |
【推荐2】One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off (偏离) the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to be panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed still. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis (滑雪板), Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could — he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was greatly impressed that Nicholas had survived the snowstorm since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
1. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?| A．He broke his skis. | B．He got lost. |
| C．He hurt his eyes. | D．He caught a cold. |
| A．By drinking hot water. | B．By keeping on skiing. |
| C．By building a snow cave. | D．By lighting some branches. |
| A．Optimistic and helpful. | B．Brave and clever. |
| C．Pessimistic and timid. | D．Determined and humorous. |
| A．Because he was very hard-working. |
| B．Because he created some tips for survival. |
| C．Because he watched Grylls’ TV program regularly. |
| D．Because he survived the snowstorm through what he learnt. |
【推荐3】The biggest risk I’ve ever taken was quitting my job and biking alone across western China.
One of the best parts of the whole experience was the people. I met people from across China and once got to attend a Tibetan wedding-something I never thought I would do.
The people were some of the best parts of the trip, but mostly each day, I was alone with nature. Throughout the rolling hills and the flowing streams, western China is home to some of the most amazing scenery in the world.
It was indeed an experience I will never forget. If anyone has an interest in traveling, I would highly recommend going by bicycle!
| A．It simply took my breath away. |
| B．My family were shocked and tried to talk me out of it. |
| C．The food was definitely another highlight of my journey. |
| D．I had never biked for more than two hours in one day before. |
| E．It really inspired me to push myself and go farther every day. |
| F．Traveling by bicycle was actually much cheaper than I thought. |
| G．The whole event was extraordinary, full of dancing, laughter and fun. |
【推荐1】Architect Diébédo Francis Kéré of Burkina Faso won the Pritzker Prize, the world’s highest recognition in building design.
Kéré is a citizen of both Burkina Faso and Germany and lives in Berlin. He said he was the “happiest man on this planet” to become the 51st recipient of the famous yearly prize. Kéré is famed for building schools, health centers, housing and other public spaces across Africa. His buildings can be found in his homeland, as well as in Benin, Mali, Kenya, Mozambique, Togo and Sudan. When he was twenty in 1985, Kéré earned a vocational scholarship to study carpentry in Berlin. But while absorbed in the practicality of roofing and furniture making, he also attended night school and was admitted to Technische Universität Berlin, from which he graduated in 2004 with an advanced degree in architecture. He was still a student when he designed and built the innovative Gando Primary School.
Unlike traditional school buildings, which use concrete, Kéré’s inventive design combined local clay and cement to form bricks. The material helps keep the building cool in a hot environment. A wide, raised metal roof protects the building from rain and helps air flow. Kéré involved the local community throughout the design and building of the school. The number of students at the school increased from 120 to 700.
Kéré is the first African to be honored with the Pritzker. In his native Burkina Faso, citizens celebrated the win. Nebila Aristide Bazie, head of the Burkina Faso architects’ council, said the award “highlights the African architect and the people of Burkina Faso.”
“He knows, from within, that architecture is not about the object but the objective; not the product, but the process,” says the 2022 Jury Citation (评审辞), in part. “Francis Kéré’s entire body of work shows us the power of materiality rooted in place. His buildings, for and with communities, are directly of those communities-in their making, their materials, their programs and their unique characters.”
1. What can we know about Kéré from the text?| A．He got a degree in architecture in 1986. |
| B．Many of his buildings can be found in Berlin. |
| C．He is highly popular in his native Burkina Faso. |
| D．He is the first German winner of the Pritzker Prize. |
| A．To keep the building cool in hot weather. |
| B．To make the building stronger. |
| C．To protect the building from rain. |
| D．To ensure better indoor air flow. |
| A．Touching and impressive. |
| B．Amazing and unexpected. |
| C．Deserving and fortunate. |
| D．Exciting and inspiring. |
| A．The reasons for awarding Kéré the Pritzker Prize. |
| B．Kéré’s concepts of architecture in Africa. |
| C．Kéré’s diverse styles of African buildings. |
| D．The real purpose of Kéré’s whole works. |
【推荐2】When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation (报告). Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J. Terry Edmonds to help them communicate (交流) effectively. Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U. S. president; he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House. His is an all-American story of success.
Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland; his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress. A. great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high School, Baltimore City College. After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State University.
Edmonds began his career in business, with jobs in public relations and communications. He joined the world of politics as news secretary for his congressman (国会议员) from Baltimore During Bill Clinton’s presidency, he wrote speeches for Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala and worked in a number of job in the White House and in governmental departments President Clinton then appointed (任命) him to the office of directory of speechwriting. Following the 2000 elections Edmonds returned to Morgan State University as the school’s special assistant to the president for 2001-2002
1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?| A．Edmonds proved himself to be good at writing at high school. |
| B．Edmonds graduated from Morgan State University in 1967. |
| C．Edmonds was the first full-time speechwriter. |
| D．Edmonds served the White House after 2000. |
| A．news secretary for a Congressman |
| B．a speechwriter for President Clinton |
| C．news secretary in the White House |
| D．a speechwriter for Secretary Donna Shalala |
| A．popular science | B．historical events |
| C．successful people | D．Political systems |
【推荐3】Billie Holiday was an American jazz singer and songwriter. Nicknamed Lady Day by her loyal friend and musical partner, Lester Young, Holiday had a great influence on jazz and pop singing. Her voiced style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of controlling tempo (节奏). Above all, she was admired for her deeply personal and direct approach to singing.
She co-wrote a few songs, and several of them have become jazz standards, notably God Bless the Child, Don’t Explain, and Lady Sings the Blues. She also became famous for singing jazz standards written by others, including Easy Living and Strange Fruit.
Her early career is hard to track down with accuracy. But she later gained work singing in local jazz clubs before being spotted by a talent scout (星探), John Hammond in 1933.
Her voice and recordings were loved for the depth of emotion and intensity she could bring to classic standards. Her range of voice was not the greatest, but her extraordinary low rough voice was soon to become very famous and influential.
She was an important icon (偶像) of the jazz era and influential in the development of jazz singing. In the late 1930s, she began singing a civil rights song called Strange Fruit, a song which told the tale of a lynching (用私刑处死) of a black man in the Deep South. It was very controversial for that period and it was not played on radios. It was recorded for Commodore Records and she performed it many times over the next 20 years.
Billie Holiday had a difficult upbringing which influenced her attitude toward life. She experienced many violent relationships. She also became increasingly dependent on various drugs which contributed to her early death in 1959, aged just 44.
1. What made Holiday develop a new way of controlling tempo?| A．Her musical partner. | B．Her voiced style. |
| C．Jazz instrumentalists. | D．Her direct approach to singing. |
| A．It was about a cruel story. | B．It was recorded very badly. |
| C．It concerned civil rights. | D．It was performed many times. |
| A．had the greatest range of voice |
| B．was gifted and had a happy childhood |
| C．wrote a few songs including Easy Living |
| D．was famous for her voice and way of singing |
a. John Hammond
b. Her independence
c. Jazz instrumentalists
d. Her hard experiences of growing
| A．a, b, c | B．a, b, d |
| C．a, c, d | D．b, c, d |
