A.Chinese college student cycles over 1,000 kilometers in 19 days to encourage environmental protection.
The college student from central China's Hubei province cycled over 1,000 kilometers to Shanghai in 19 days to highlight the importance of environmental protection, receiving high praise from related departments.
Huang Xi's journey started on Aug 3 from Xiaochang county, Hubei, spreading the message of environmental protection to over 5, 000 people along his route.Huang said it was not very easy to start a conversation about environmental protection with strangers."First you have to narrow the distance between you and your audience, " he noted.For instance, he would greet people at the roadside and introduce himself and his plan.He told Shanghai Observer that the environmental issue was not a good conversation opener because not everyone was interested.
Straw burning(秸秆焚烧) was a major focus for Huang since his journey began in summer."Many people don't burn straw because there s a fine, but not many of them know that burning straw actually pollutes the environment,” he said.
Explaining the ban on straw burning, the benefits of sorting of waste as well as the importance of creatures in water and plants protection were the major part of his job on the road.
16 local authorities of environmental protection along Huang's route praised his efforts."Environmental protection calls for not only governmental efforts but also social efforts, " said Chen Bin, an official from Wuhan's environmental department.
Huang shared his experience on social media, which gave him a level of support on his journey.
However, his cycle also drew the bad side of comments.Some said that his journey was only a publicity stunt (作秀), and some even said that in fact, it was a trip that Huang had to make since he ran out of his money at Internet cafes.Huang replied and tried to prove that what they said was not true.
Huang, who studies environmental engineering in college, set off again on Sept 27 to take part in a training camp held by a center of environmental protection in Hubei province."I will will share my experience of the journey, and hope people will pay more attention to the environment.” he said.
1. What is the purpose of Huang's cycling?| A．To have a good sightseeing. |
| B．To receive high praise from related departments. |
| C．To let people know the importance of protecting environment. |
| D．To solve the problem of straw burning. |
| A．Huang's cycle didn't draw any attention. |
| B．What Huang studies in college is related to environment. |
| C．Environmental protection needs only social efforts. |
| D．It's a good idea to start a conversation by environmental issues. |
| A．On July.3. | B．On Sep. 27. |
| C．On Aug. 22.5 | D．On Oct. 3. |
| A．They think highly of it. | B．They disagree with it. |
| C．They show no interest in it. | D．They doubt it. |
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【推荐1】For many years people in Estonia have been leaving their rubbish in the forests. Rainer Nolvak, a businessman, and his friends wanted to clean up all the rubbish in Estonia. The rubbish was not just an environmental problem. It was a problem of people’s attitudes. Rainer Nolvak got together with a team of 20 friends and they began to make a plan about how to clean up the rubbish. Soon, over 600 people joined the group.
They named the project Let’s Do It! Estonia. The Ministry of the Environment gave them some support. Many companies joined the group. Famous actors and singers also took part in it. Even the President of Estonia joined. They sent information about Let’s Do It! Estonia throughout the country.
Technology experts developed a special computer program. Team members went into the forests to find where the rubbish was. They used their mobile phones to mark every place where they found rubbish and sent the information to the computer program. Then, the marked rubbish places appeared on the map. Anyone could go on the Internet and see the map.
The team found a surprising result. There were over 10,000 tons of waste in the forests of Estonia. When people saw how much waste was around their own homes, they were shocked. Thousands of people began to help. The team chose May 3, 2008 as the day to clean up the rubbish. On May 3, more than 50,000 people helped to get rid of the rubbish. They cleared out over 10,000 tons of rubbish in only one day!
This was amazing for the environment in Estonia. It was also an important step for Estonian society. Rainer Nolvak gave a speech at a conference in the Balkans. He said, “The most important thing we did was build a team. It changed every one of us. We had to connect with people. We had to see that the rubbish was our problem. At times we were afraid of sharing. When we were together and there were many of us, we were not afraid.”
1. The project Let’s Do It! Estonia aimed to _____| A．prevent people leaving their rubbish everywhere | B．make Estonia a clean place |
| C．change people’s attitudes towards the environment | D．make plans for businessmen |
| A．the technology experts | B．how the team found the rubbish |
| C．Phones’ important part in marking places | D．how the rubbish places were showing on the Internet |
| A．find out | B．make use of | C．clean up | D．throw away |
| A．It was less successful than expected. | B．It got great support from all over the country. |
| C．It got money from famous actors and singers. | D．It was set up by the Ministry of the Environment. |
| A．all difficulties are paper tigers | B．people should help each other |
| C．there is strength in numbers | D．attitude is everything |
【推荐2】With severe mental challenges and amblyopia (弱视), Xu Haofang’s idea of the world was limited to her home. Apart from her parents, interacting with others often proved to be a painful experience.
But Xu’s reality was changed when she started receiving help from the Zhang Xinya Rehabilitation (康复) Center in Shanghai. “She used to be totally dependent on us and barely spoke. Now, she has learned how to write in Chinese, how to wash the dishes and how to do the laundry herself,” says Yan Ping, Xu’s mother.
Founded in 2012 by Zhang Xinya, the center since its establishment has helped dozens of individuals like Xu with 21 of them eventually securing a job. Besides those having challenges, the center also provides assistance to those who are visually or hearing impaired (受损的). “We can unearth their potential and teach them the ability to take care of themselves,” says the 73-year-old, “By doing this, I also hope that their parents can be hopeful of their children’s future.”
Zhang Xinya herself is also a mother to a girl with mental challenges. To help her daughter build meaningful connections with society, Zhang took her to a government-funded center to learn physical exercises that would improve her motor sills Zhang later decided to volunteer at the center, which eventually inspired her to open her own rehabilitation facility (场所).
The center provides various classes conducted by professional teachers and psychological counselors and everyday skills are included in the syllabus (教学大纲). More than 400 lawyers, public health professionals and doctors have been invited to the station to give lectures. These individuals with special needs also receive heath checks at Zhang’s center.
“Many of the individuals could not take care of themselves when they first came, but now they can hold chopstick or spoon and eat by themselves. Some used to remain silent all the time but they can now sing and dance,” says Zhang. “Seeing them make progress is what makes this all worthwhile. This is what drives me to keep going.”
1. What’s the challenge in her life before Xu Haofang went to the center?| A．Her unemployment. | B．The pressure from the society. |
| C．Her disability and dependence. | D．Lack of trust in others. |
| A．discover | B．remove |
| C．change | D．admire |
| A．Her desire to see the disabled make progress in daily work. |
| B．Her experience as a volunteer in a government-funded center. |
| C．The encouragement she got from parents of those with special needs. |
| D．Her intention to help her daughter build meaningful connections with society. |
| A．the center mainly helps those who have mental challenges |
| B．all of the classes in the center are given by professional teachers |
| C．the center will secure jobs for the individuals with special needs |
| D．many individuals in the center have made progress in many aspects |
【推荐3】Herb Chasan could have eased into retirement after spending 18 years teaching math to high school students. But the octogenarian couldn’t rest. It wasn’t until eight years ago that he stepped into one of the city’s poorest neighborhoods. He noticed a group of children wandering nearby with nothing to do. He couldn’t shake the image from his mind, and it became the driving force for Hoops and Homework, an after-school program that has provided activities and tutoring for youth up to age 14.
Since 2012, Hoops and Homework has helped more than 300 children who otherwise would have gone home to empty houses or roamed the streets until their parents got off work. Thanks to Mr. Chasan and dedicated staff and volunteers, the children instead have spent industrious afternoons making crafts, playing basketball, learning violin and yoga, gardening, and basking in the attention of a small army of tutors. “Our goal is to help these kids break the cycle of poverty and jail to have a good job, to be a success,” says Mr. Chasan.
Within a few months, he secured $81,000 in town funding to start the program. It takes $170,000 annually to run the center. Hoops and Homework has encouraged people from different parts of the community to volunteer during the after-school sessions because they can tell the children “someday you may be doing that job, we love to have role models come in.”
The program goes beyond helping children. Most of the staff members are bilingual, which enables them to serve the largely Spanish-speaking community. “My English is not good,” says Keila Cupid, a parent who lives close to the center. But the mother of 11-year-old Cupid is clear in expressing her gratitude for Hoops and Homework: “It’s a safe space for my daughter when I am away to my English class.”
1. What motivation made Chasan decide on Hoops and Homework?| A．Homeless neighborhood kids. | B．Parents being engaging in work. |
| C．The volunteers in the community. | D．Children aimlessly walking around. |
| A．Making crafts. | B．Baking food. | C．Learning Spanish. | D．Doing extra homework. |
| A．More money should go to charity. |
| B．More people should join in voluntary work. |
| C．More community centers should be built. |
| D．More after-school activities should be considered. |
| A．starting an organization is tough | B．Keila Cupid is studying Spanish |
| C．parents can benefit from the program | D．the community kids must have a successful career |
【推荐1】As the new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting whizzes and bangs to light up the sky. The appeal of fireworks could fade out with the growing use of drones (无人机)for light shows, though.
Ollie Howitt, a leader of Sky Magic, which used a team of 300 drones to create a display for London’s new year celebration last year, said the demand had increased dramatically. “We do think it’s going to be something ever-eye catching rather than being a short-lived sort of fashion people have suddenly got interested in. Drones are reusable and there’s no fallout. In that sense, they’re a very good, sustainable option.” she said.
But not everyone agrees. A spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental problems. “Drones have less an impact on the environment, but we have serious concerns about electrical demand and the use of lithium batteries which are known not to be much that ‘green’,” they said.
An RSPCA spokesperson said that while drones tried to reduce the impact of displays on animals, there were downsides. “Drones are not without their own negative issues such as scaring horses or crashing into birds, and can cause disturbance to animals and members of the public. Therefore, it’s important for their effects to be fully considered and measures taken to minimize the chance of accidents.” they said.
Some express the opinion that the use of fireworks and drones don’t conflict with each other. The sight, sound and gunpowder smell of fireworks will always provide its own unique thrill.
“We find fireworks work really well when teamed up with drones. But we don’t really see it as a one-replacing-the-other at all. We feel as if it’s merely another tool to light the sky.” said Howitt, noting that while fireworks give a loud, emotive, big performance, drones offer the chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of images.
1. What does Howitt think about a drone display in paragraph 2?| A．It’s definitely an upward trend. |
| B．It’ll get us to reflect on energy crisis. |
| C．It’s nothing but a temporary phenomenon. |
| D．It’ll excite the public curiosity about science. |
| A．Promoting the production of drones. |
| B．Diversifying the functions of drones. |
| C．Prohibiting the displays of fireworks. |
| D．Staging drone shows as an alternative. |
| A．prospect | B．puzzles |
| C．weaknesses | D．benefits |
| A．Advertisement. | B．Business. |
| C．Entertainment. | D．Environment. |
【推荐2】This summer, many areas of the US have been suffering historic droughts (干旱). Climate change has brought very high temperatures and less-than-normal rain and snow to the country.
Although the region is a tropical rainforest, Tikal was built in a place that got little rain for half the year. Additionally, it had no year round lakes or river—although it did have an important spring. The Maya also did not have a system to reach groundwater.
“As Tikal grew, people there would have had to cut down parts of the surrounding rainforest to raise food.
The Maya would have used cut-and-burn techniques and let the forest grow back after a few years.
Although the Maya changed the environment with their farming and other practices, they had much less impact on the climate than we do now. The Maya understood that they have to have balance.
| A．If you abuse the world, it's going to come back |
| B．At the same time, they left enough of it in place |
| C．So they built tanks to collect and store rainwater |
| D．They would have served different, important purposes |
| E．That means there is less water to drink and less water for crops |
| F．Tikal was home to tens of thousands of people during the years 600 to 800 |
| G．Thousands of years ago, the Maya people suffered from the same problems |
【推荐3】By the end of the century，if not sooner，the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate，according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms，these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue，depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas，while reducing it in other spots，leading to changes in the ocean's appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die，they bury carbon in the deep ocean，an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth，since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow，but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science，built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃，it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters，such as those of the Arctic，a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton，and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing. ”she said，“but the type of phytoplankton is changing. ”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?| A．The various patterns at the ocean surface. |
| B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour. |
| C．The way light reflects off marine organisms. |
| D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton. |
| A．Sensitive. | B．Beneficial |
| C．Significant | D．Unnoticeable |
| A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem. |
| B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes |
| C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate |
| D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener. |
| A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes |
| B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain |
| C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans |
| D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton |
【推荐1】William Lindesay has been interested in the Great Wall of China since seeing it in a school atlas(地图册) as a child in England. He can vividly recall seeing in the “Oxford School Atlas” the Great Wall with its battlement symbol. From that moment, he had in his mind that when he grew up he’d go to China and walk along the Great Wall from end to end.
Lindesay’s about 3, 000 km solo run along the Great Wall began in 1987. Running the length of the wall was a brave expedition(探险), venturing(敢于去) into sparsely populated regions where there was little chance of help if the runner had an accident. During another trip, Lindesay and his team ventured deep into the Gobi Desert. The explorers almost died from dehydration(脱水). In total, Lindesay estimated in an interview that he had spent about 1, 600 days of his life on the great Wall in all seasons.
Lindesay and his wife, Wu Qi, whom he got to know and fell in love with during his trips in China, had a farmhouse at the foot of the wall. During his exploration, he noticed some sections of the wall were badly damaged and covered with litter. Modernization and development were making the situation even worse. “Some people say it will take generations to change; I say we don’t have generations of time. It’s got to be much quicker,” he said. Lindesay always carries a garbage bag with him in the wilderness, picking up litter along the way. Lindesay uses a garbage bag as his calling card. The cloth bag bears a set of nine simple guidelines in Chinese, which calls on people to obey while traveling or camping outdoors: “Take your own garbage home”“ Pick up litter left by others”“Don’ t damage plants or flowers, or pick fruit” and lots more.
1. What inspired William Lindesay's dream of exploring the Great Wall?| A．Seeing a movie about the Great Wall. |
| B．Experiencing a war for the Great Wall. |
| C．Surfing a website about the Great Wall. |
| D．Admiring the Great Wall in the school atlas. |
| A．Remotely. | B．Rarely. | C．Frequently. | D．Largely. |
| A．The destroyed ecosystems. |
| B．Waste caused by farms |
| C．The increasing tourists. |
| D．Modernization and development. |
| A．Adventurous and caring about the environment. |
| B．Determined and grateful to his wife. |
| C．Warm-hearted and polite to his teammates. |
| D．Considerate and optimistic about the life. |
【推荐2】The walls of our house were supposed to be white. But I never remember them being white. At first, they were grey, then turning black. My father was a coal worker. He made charcoal (木炭) in our house. Have you ever seen charcoal being made? The little bags you buy in the store for barbeque, they come from somewhere, and honestly, it’s a very dirty business.
I remember one day I was bagging up the charcoal with my dad, and it was really cold and raining. All we had was the tiny roof over our heads. After a few hours, I got to go to school, where it was warm. My dad stayed out there working, all day. If he didn’t sell that day, maybe we wouldn’t have enough to eat. I thought to myself: At some point, everything is going to change.
For this, I owe football everything. I started football early. I played so much football that every two months, my boots would break apart. When I was seven, I must have been pretty good, because I scored 64 goals for my neighborhood team. That year, my dad got a call from a coach saying they wanted me to play there. My dad asked, “Oh, it’s too far away. Nine kilometers. How will we get him there?” My mom said, “No, no, no! Don’t worry, I’ ll take him!” And that is when Graciela was born.
Graciela was an old yellow bicycle that my mother would use to drive me to training every day. It had a little basket in the front. Imagine this: A woman biking through town with a little boy on the back and a bag in the basket with his boots. Up hills. Down hills. Through the dangerous neighborhoods. In the rain. In the cold. In the dark. Graciela got us where we needed to go.
Nowadays people look on YouTube, watch the World Cup and see the results, but they don’t know the journey. They don’t know about my living room walls turning from white to black. They don’t know about my father working under a little roof. They don’t know about my mother riding Graciela through the rain and the cold.
1. Why did the walls of the author’s house turn black?| A．His family wanted to change the look of their old house. |
| B．The color black could cover up his father’s dirty business. |
| C．The author often made indoor barbeques with the charcoal. |
| D．There was a lot of coal dust created from his father’s work. |
| A．Graciela was a yellow bicycle with a basket. |
| B．Graciela was named after the author’s mother. |
| C．Graciela was born when the author was nine. |
| D．Graciela got the family wherever they wanted to go. |
| A．Determined. | B．Confident. | C．Ambitious. | D．Easygoing. |
| A．In time of test, family is best. | B．Happiness is a choice, not a result. |
| C．One who fears failure limits his activities. | D．Behind every glory there is always a story. |
【推荐3】Joseph wrote a book about his life. His people, the Maasai, do not stay in one place for long. They move their villages in search of good grass and fresh water for their cattle (牛). “The cow is the centerpiece of pretty much everything we do,” Joseph explains. “That’s why we move. We can’t move for nothing—we can’t just walk around!”
When he was very young, Joseph spent much of his time looking after his family’s cattle, taking them to look for food and water and watching out for lions. He played on the grassland with his friends.
When Joseph was about six years old, he left his family to attend a boarding school. There, Joseph faced difficulties like other children. For example, he was laughed at because he was fat. But Joseph also faced difficulties most children did not. “Every time school closed for vacation, I had to find my way home,” Joseph says. “That was one of the hardest things: The village might be 5 miles away, or it might be 50. Sometimes I wouldn’t know exactly where my family was. I had to search for them.”
Joseph later attended high school in a city. After graduation, he went to college. Finally, he became a social studies teacher, and now he is teaching seventh and eighth graders at a school.
Every summer, Joseph travels back to the grassland to visit his mother, brothers, and friends. And he takes a group of students with him to see both the beauty and the difficulty of growing up in that part of the country. “I like to show them the other side of the coin.” Joseph says.
1. What can we learn about the Maasai from the text?| A．They move for grass and water. |
| B．They lead a comfortable life. |
| C．They are always in search of cattle. |
| D．They move in order to find their food. |
| A．He took care of his family’s cattle. |
| B．He brought food and water for cattle. |
| C．He played with his friends at home. |
| D．He watched lions on grasslands. |
| A．He was laughed at being fat. |
| B．He couldn’t catch up with others. |
| C．He got into trouble with his teachers. |
| D．He struggled to find his family and village. |
| A．To realize the dream of the students. |
| B．To help them deal with difficult situations. |
| C．To help them know a different life. |
| D．To teach them different living skills. |
【推荐1】The term “SMART goals” was coined by in 1954. Since then, SMART goals have become popular with business managers, educators and others because they work. The late management guru Peter F. Drucker developed the concept. Drucker shaped many top managers’ career. Management by objectives was one of his primary business theories.
In 2002, Drucker received the highest civilian honor in the U.S.---the Medal of Freedom. He died in 2005 at age 95. Drucker’s family decided to look forward instead of backward, and they gathered distinguished business people to form The Drucker Institute.
The institute's website states “"Their work is to transform the archival (档案) treasure into a social enterprise whose purpose is to strengthen society by encouraging effective, responsible and joyful management."
If you have been to a business management class, you may likely have learned how to write goals and objectives in Drucker's way: SMART. If you haven't heard about Drucker, you are in for a treat that will help you achieve what you want and be more successful, whether you are a teacher trying to teach well, an adult learner or a person who seeks to achieve your dreams.
SMART goals are: “s" stands for specific. Make your goal or objective as specific as possible Say exactly what you want to achieve in clear, concise words. “M” stands for measurable. Include a unit of measure in your goal. Be objective rather than subjective. When will your goal be achieved?
How will you know it has been achieved? “A" stands for achievable. Ensure that your goal is feasible in terms of the resources available to you. “R" stands for realistic. Focus on the end results you desire rather than the activities necessary to get there. You want to grow personally, so reach for your goal---but be reasonable or you'll set yourself up for disappointment. “T” stands for time-bound. Give yourself a deadline within a year. Include a timeframe such as a week, month or year, and include a specific date if possible.
1. How can we describe Drucker in the passage?| A．Influential. | B．Energetic. |
| C．Considerate. | D．Adorable. |
| A．To pay respect to Drucker. |
| B．To further Drucker's work. |
| C．To study Drucker's theory. |
| D．To donate Drucker 's money. |
| A．People who like to daydream. |
| B．People who are passive learners. |
| C．People who always want a real treat. |
| D．People who want to better themselves. |
| A．The other achievements of Drucker. |
| B．The business goals of smart people. |
| C．The exact meanings of SMART goals. |
| D．The applications of Drucker's theories. |
【推荐2】Trucker Gerlock traveled hundreds of thousands of miles with his dog, Holly, who came with him on every route—including his last one. While driving near Dallas, Texas, on the job, the 59-year-old Marylander crashed into a concrete column. Gerlock was killed instantly. Looking in the back of the truck, though, rescue drivers found one survivor.
Rescue workers cut the Chesapeake Bay retriever(切萨皮克海湾寻回犬)—practically untouched—out of the back of the truck, where she’d been sleeping. “It’s amazing that anything survived, ”Sandy Nordhoff, friend of Gerlock, told The Kent County News.
Unsure what happened to Holly, Gerlock’s friends from his town of Rock Hall, Maryland, made numerous calls and emails to agencies in order to find out where the dog was. Eventually, they found out she had been staying in Dallas Animal Services shelter and a foster family had taken her in for Thanksgiving. The Rock Hall locals hatched a plan to get her home.
Joe Creighton and Sandy’s husband, Russell Nordhoff, both lifelong friends of Gerlock, volunteered to make the 2, 800-mile trip from Rock Hall to Dallas and back, which took two days each way. The friends borrowed Gerlock’s pickup truck for the road, so Holly would feel more comfortable on the journey home, according to The Kent County News.
Back in Rock Hall, some of Gerlock’s friends adopted Holly. Ever since, the dog has been a town icon(偶像), making an appearance in almost every town parade.
“The outpouring of love shown towards Gerlock and Holly was heartwarming, ”Rock Hall resident Jamie Elburn tells Reader's Digest. “It shows how the companionship of‘man’s best friend’and simple kindness can overcome even the most difficult situation!”
1. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 indicate?| A．The trip was extremely tiring. | B．The result was quite satisfying. |
| C．The survivor was very smart. | D．The accident was too serious. |
| A．She was nowhere to be found. | B．She was put in an animal shelter. |
| C．She was sent back home immediately. | D．She was adopted by a foster family. |
| A．It was painstaking. | B．It was full of danger. |
| C．It tumed out to be interesting. | D．It required much experience. |
| A．Sympathetic. | B．Grateful. | C．Shocked. | D．Touched. |
【推荐3】You can count on the fact that cocoa bean planting is bad for the environment—especially for the rainforests of West Africa. That’s enough to make some consumers think about giving up chocolate. But what if we could enjoy chocolate without climate guilt? In fact, we can, because when cocoa is grown sustainably, it can actually help save the world.
Cocoa beans grow on shrubs that are often planted in the open but can also grow better under large rainforest trees. Well-managed shade-grown cacao trees can store a significantly higher amount of carbon than annual crops—up to three times the amount stored by cacao trees grown in full sun. Shade-grown cacao trees are also more drought-tolerant and weed-resistant than those grown in the open. They are friendlier to wildlife, improving biodiversity.
The problem is not that cacao trees can’t help the environment. The problem is that too few of them do. The reasons for this are complex, but mainly boil down to lack of resources, lack of information and insecure land tenure( 保 有 期 ). Many West African cacao farmers are sharecroppers. They can’t remove old, diseased trees because this would risk losing the land. They can’t afford to plant new trees, either. As a result, new cacao farms are usually created by businessmen who cut down trees and create chemical-intensive( 大 量 使 用 化 学 物 品 的 ) plantations, which both pollute and reduce biodiversity.
As the planet grows warmer and drier, though, these high-productive, full-sun cacao varieties are becoming weaker in the heat. Many small cacao farms in West Africa’s cocoa belt, which supplies up to 70 percent of the world’s cocoa, now suffer from low productivity. But there is hope. When cost and land tenure issues are solved, farmers are more than willing to grow cacao trees in the shade.
Trees are the most important weapons in the fight against climate change. So enjoy your chocolate—provided that it’s a sustainable, shade-grown brand. In fact, buy, eat and give as much of it as you like. The world will thank you.
1. Which of the following can store the largest amount of carbon?| A．Local annual crops that grow near the water. |
| B．Cacao trees that grow in full sun. |
| C．Cacao trees that grow under the shade. |
| D．Newly planted cacao trees that have most leaves. |
| A．There are not enough cacao trees to take effect. |
| B．Pollution from chemical plants poisons cacao trees. |
| C．Only a part of the cacao trees can help the environment. |
| D．Local cacao farmers run chemical-intensive plantations. |
| A．Making improvement to cacao varieties by means of chemicals. |
| B．Encouraging farmers to grow cacao trees under rainforest trees through some supporting measures. |
| C．Providing shade for originally full-sun cacao trees in the warmer and drier region. |
| D．Inviting successful businessmen to manage cacao farms in West Africa’s cocoa belt. |
| A．West Africa’s Cocoa Belt Is in Danger |
| B．Sustainable Brands Help Save the World |
| C．How Chocolate Can Help Save the Planet |
| D．How We Can Enjoy Food Without Climate Guilt |
