Four books that will change your life
Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do — Amy Morin
Do you struggle to get over your failures or pay much attention to things that are out of your control? Getting over these troubles can have an important influence on your daily life. Morin shares her most successful ways to overcome these difficulties.
How Will You Measure Your Life? — Christensen, James Allworth and Karen Dillon
What do you think would make you happier at work? Perhaps high pay might be nice, or maybe some more admiration from fellow colleagues. Are you keeping a good balance in life? While career achievements can be satisfying, ignoring your family and friends can be harmful in the long run.
Finding Your Element — Ken Robinson
Have you ever felt pressured to live your life in a certain way? Society often encourages you to graduate from high school at 18, enter university, and then become a professional person, get married and have children. This may work for some people, but for many people it can be limited. Everyone has a passion. Find out how you can break society’s strict rules and find your position in life.
Emotional Intelligence — Daniel Goleman
Do our feelings hold us back? Would we do better if we became unfeeling creatures? You probably let feelings cloud your judgment more often than you know. Goleman explains how you can avoid letting your feelings rule you and make better decisions in life.
1. The first book is intended for readers ____________.| A．who want to be popular among colleagues |
| B．who want to control their feelings |
| C．who are experiencing failures |
| D．who want to get high pay |
| A．Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do. |
| B．How Will You Measure Your Life?. |
| C．Finding Your Element. |
| D．Emotional Intelligence. |
| A．It helps us make wise decisions. |
| B．It shows us the importance of emotions. |
| C．It teaches us the way to live a different life. |
| D．It tells us how to break society’s strict rules. |
相似题推荐
Wondering what to read next? Curious to learn about some popular titles? Watch Connie, Youth Services Assistant, as she offers a quick taste of a book which you may decide you want to read. Ages 10 and up.
When: July 6 through August 17
Where: Online
Virtual（虚拟的）Bedtime Stories with Special Guest, Michael Rafkin
Tuesday, May 18, 6：30 pm via Zoom
All ages with an adult.
Michael Rafkin, founding Artistic Director of Mad Horse Theater and artist of The Portland Stage Company will delight young children and their families with his theatrical reading of picture books.
Mindfulness Moments
Mindfulness Moments is a virtual program for children in preschool through age 6. Jaclyn, Youth Service Assistant, will share books, songs, rhymes, and activities focusing on different aspects of mindfulness. Come spend time connecting your mind, body, and emotions.
When: Anytime
Where: Online
Listen Up! with Jamey Burns
In her latest part of Listen Up!, our Youth Services Assistant, Jamey Burns, reads No Talking written by Andrew Clements and published by Simon &. Shuster. The read-aloud is being released in four weekly installments（部分）, beginning the week of December 7 and continuing throughout December. Jamey previously read aloud The Hundred Dresses, written by Eleanor Estes and published by Harcourt, Inc.
1. Who will offer tips on what to read?| A．Jaclyn. | B．Connie | C．Michael Rafkin. | D．Jamey Burns. |
| A．In May. | B．In July. | C．In August. | D．In December. |
| A．Exchanging ideas after reading. | B．Discussing the writing style of books. |
| C．Satisfying your mind with sweet songs. | D．Enjoying the pleasure of reading books. |
【推荐2】Nile Cruise in Egypt
It’s hard to beat Egypt for its mix of heat and culture in December. A seven-night cruise on board a traditional 19th-century-style wooden luxury sailing vessel, which sleeps up to 12 and cruises between Luxor and Aswan， costs from £775 per head full board，departing on December 11 through Bales (0845 057 0600 ; www. balesworldwide.com.)
Christmas Markets in Cologne
Perhaps the best of northern Europe’s many Christmas markets is Cologne -- there are seven separate themed markets which start opening this week. Cologne is also one of the easiest places to get to by train. Eurostar connections from London via Brussels take just under four hours and return tickets are available this winter from £89 (0843 218 6186; www.Eurostar.com ). For details of accommodation and markets see Cologne Tourism (www. cologne-tourism.com).
Skiing in Val Thorens
If you want to be sure of snow for skiing in the Alps before Christmas you need to head high -- where you will get the advantage of quiet slopes and low prices. A week9s stay at Chalet Eliane costs from £399 chalet board through Crystal Ski (0871 231 2256;www.crystalski.co.uk)，or, much more luxurious, a week’s half board at the five-star hotel costs from £1,195 through Crystal Finest (0871 971 0364; www.crystal finest.co.uk). Both packages are for departures on December 13.
Japanese Onsen
Snow monkeys warming themselves in the hot springs at Yudanaka make an endearing sight. As snowflakes fall you may be tempted to climb in yourself (perhaps not the same pool，though). Experience this, overnight at a temple and a ryokan, and see Tokyo and Hiroshima, traveling by bullet train, on the 14-night Japan Unmasked tour:£1,600, excluding flights (0117 314 4620; www.insidejapantours.com).
| A．study abroad |
| B．often travel around |
| C．want to go shopping before Christmas |
| D．are fond of skiing in winter |
| A．0843 218 6186 | B．0845 057 0600 |
| C．0871 231 2256 | D．0117 314 4620 |
| A．before December 11 | B．before December 13 |
| C．before Christmas | D．after Christmas |
| A．www.crystalfinest. co.uk |
| B．www.cologne-tourism.com |
| C．www.insidejapantours.com |
| D．www.bales world wide.com |
| A．skiing in Val Thorens is high in price |
| B．Eurostar is the most beautiful area of the city |
| C．a tourist has to warm himself in the hot spring with monkeys |
| D．a Londoner will spend less than 4 hours travelling to Cologne by train |
【推荐3】Oil Painting Workshop
Jan. 7, 2019
For Ages 15 and Up
Beginners Welcome! Experience Not Required!
Registration (登记) Deadline —— Dec. 31, 2018
Class Schedule
9:30—10:00 am Welcome and Registration
10:00—12:00 am Painting Session
12:00 am—1:00 pm Lunch
1:00—3:00 pm Painting Session
3:00pm Evaluation and Departure
Instructor
Judy Moore Gist, Alexander Certified Instructor and Ross Certified Instructor, is making great efforts to give people of all ages the opportunity to experience Alexander’s The Magic of Oil Painting and Bob Ross’s The Joy of Painting. Both, William Alexander and Bob Ross, PBS TV hosts, have inspired thousands of first-time painters. The “wet-on-wet” technique have encouraged people of all ages to pick up a brush and put their dreams on canvas (油画布). Judy will do the same, and you are welcome to take a class and see for yourself. At the end of just one session you will be amazed at the beautiful painting that you create in just a few hours. You will become more aware of beautiful cloud shapes and colours you ignored before. There is nothing more inspiring than seeing the beautiful scenery that you paint and others will treasure forever.
For more information about Judy Moore Gist, click here.
Cost
$75.00/a person. Prices include all instructor fees, materials, and lunch.
If you wish to pay by check, please print the OilPaintJan.pdf printable registration form and mail it in with payment to: Holiday Lake 4H Educational Center, 12674-H Camp Road, Appomattox, VA 24522.
Refund(退款) Policy
Full Refund: Dec. 31, 2018
Nonrefundable: after Dec. 31, 2018
For more information, contact Heathern Benninghove at 232-268-6777 or heathern@vt.edu.
1. To attend the class, people should ______.| A．provide a piece of painting |
| B．pay for it before Jan. 7, 2019 |
| C．learn something about the instructor |
| D．register for it no later than Dec. 31, 2018 |
| A．art works | B．TV art programs |
| C．painting exhibitions | D．face-to-face painting courses |
| A．on the Internet | B．in a newspaper |
| C．on a notice board | D．in a company brochure |
【推荐1】I was 13 or 14. It was summer. We lived in an old house with no screens on the window in the attic (阁楼), where my sister and I slept in the same bed. While thinking about how I might escape, I leaned sideways, and my hand landed on a floorboard that popped up (突然爆开) and almost hit me in the head. When I looked inside the open space, I could not believe my eyes: There was gold in there! I picked up a handful of gold cubes (方块) and ran to the bottom stair and yelled, “Mama — I found gold up here under the floor!” Mama simply said, “Chile, that’s insulation. Now put it all back.”
When I reached inside, my hand touched what felt like a book. I pulled it out. It was Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations. And since I was bored, I decided to see what was inside this book.
On the top left- and right-hand corners of each page was a word or phrase. I opened it to “comfort” and then “comfort and despair”, and then farther down was “comfortable”. I remembered “Doubt” “Peace” “Hope and Hopeful”. I had discovered that I was not alone in some of the things I felt and thought: What does grief feel like? What is the value and power of dreams?
In ninth grade, I got my first job, as a page at our local library. I often hid in the ladies’ room, where no one would see me, and I would read. It was at this library that I realized how some of those emotions I’d felt while reading Bartlett’s came to life in the characters I had started discovering in novels.
When I went to college, Bartlett’s came with me. Over the years, I’ve kept my original copy, and to this day I often refer to it. I have bought a few of the newer editions, but the first one is the one that helped me see more than what my young mind was able to understand.
1. Why did the author shout?| A．She hurt herself in the head. | B．She had a quarrel with her sister. |
| C．She found something under a floorboard. | D．She failed to get the gold out of the attic. |
| A．What the value of dreams is. | B．How different words relate to each other. |
| C．How the author’s life was in her childhood. | D．What the author learned from the book she found. |
| A．She met Bartlett in real life. |
| B．She got her first job at the local library. |
| C．She seldom referred to the books she read before. |
| D．She kept Bartlett’s as one of her greatest treasures. |
| A．To introduce a famous book. | B．To show the importance of libraries. |
| C．To tell readers how a book changed her life. | D．To explain how she became a best-selling writer. |
【推荐2】A symbol of a booming children’s book market is a self-styled “kaleidoscope (万花筒) of creative genius for kids”, the magazine Scoop, a startup based in Dalston, east London, which the author Neil Gaiman has described as “the kind of magazine I wish we’d had when I was eight.”
Scoop is the idea of the publisher Clementine Macmillan-Scott. A year ago, hers looked like an impossible venture. But against the odds for little magazines, Scoop has survived. Macmillan-Scott said, “I really wasn’t certain we would get to this point, but we are now approaching our first birthday.” She links the magazine’s fortunes to a prosperous market and reports that “through the hundreds of children, parents and teachers we speak to at our workshops, we know that children are greedy for storytelling.”
Inspired by an Edwardian model, Arthur Mee’s Children’s Newspaperr, Scoop is a mix of innovation and creativity. Establishment heavyweights such as the playwright Tom Stoppard, plus children’s writers such as Raymond Briggs, author of Fungus the Bogeyman, have adopted its cause. The magazine has also given space to 10-year-old writers and pays all contributors, high and low, the same rate — 10p a word.
It’s a winning formula. Macmillan-Scott reports “a quarterly sales increase of roughly 150% every issue”, but is cautious about her good fortune. “It’s all too clear to us that these children are hungry for print.”
Scoop focuses on the most profitable part of the children’s market, Britain’s eight to 12-year-old readers. In literary culture, this is the crucial bridge between toddlers (儿童) and adolescents and its publisher knows it. Macmillan-Scott is committed to listening to readers aged eight to 12, who have an editorial board where they can express their ideas about the magazine. “If we don’t get these children reading,” she says, “we will lose out on adult readers. To be fully literate, you have to start as a child.”
Macmillan-Scott argues against the suggestion that reading is in decline. “If you look at our figures,” she objects, “you’ll find that children do read and that Scoop is part of a craze for reading hardback books. Kids love paper and print. They might play games on a digital device, but they prefer not to read on a Kindle. The real market for e-books is among young adult readers.” Some of her evidence is anecdotal, but her sales figures and readership surveys support a picture of eight to 12-year-olds absorbed in books.
“What our research shows beyond question,” she says, “is that children have a love for reading that’s not seriously threatened by other kinds of entertainment. Reading for pleasure is a very real thing at this age, and the worries that some adults have about children losing interest in reading are simply not grounded in reality.”
1. It can be learned from the passage that Scoop ________.| A．is aimed at teenagers in Britain |
| B．has taken a year to publish its first issue |
| C．has got its name from Arthur Mee’s newspaper |
| D．pays as much to young writers as to famous ones |
| A．conclusive | B．undeniable |
| C．defensive | D．unconvincing |
| A．Children would rather listen to stories than tell stories by themselves. |
| B．Magazines for children aged under 8 are not very common in Britain. |
| C．Scoop illustrates the power of printed books in the face of digital revolution. |
| D．Research carried out by Scoop has been questioned by those writing for children. |
| A．the market for children’s e-books remains to be explored |
| B．a child who dislikes reading won’t love reading when grown up |
| C．other kinds of entertainment have influenced children’s reading habits |
| D．it is necessary for adults to worry about children’s lack of interest in reading |
【推荐3】My challenge for you is this: to read a book for 15 minutes very single day for a month.
Let me explain a bit, by telling you where the challenge came from. I have many things in common with my dad, like music taste and sense of humor, but sadly reading isn’t one of them. I can happily spend a whole day with a book, but my dad can’t read a book for longer than about 5 minutes. He reads emails, websites and papers for work, but not books. He's busy, so I think siting down to read for just 15 minutes a day is a good way to relax and to introduce him to reading. My dad is by no means the only person who avoids books. I know lots of people would rather relax on their computers or in front of the TV. Everyone is different and has their own interests, but I think there’re lots of benefits of reading, which screen-based activities don’t have.
Firstly, it’s better of your eyes. Looking at screens can be very stressful for your eye muscles, and clearly you should avoid looking at screens for an hour before bed, to get a good night’s sleep.
I personally love reading in that I can be transported to another world—I often forget the time or things around me! Reading is a great way to switch off before you go to bed, because you think more about the world of the book, rather than the real world, so you can truly relax. I know you can be transported to a different world in a film or a TV show, but I think books do it better.
I also enjoy hearing what people are doing and finding out what they think. Reading gives me the chance to get to know hundreds of new people! It also teaches you to see things from other people's points of view, and understand other people's decisions or opinions. With a book, you can hear everything a character is thinking or feeling—you really can be inside someone else’s head!
So give it a go! Take 15 minutes when you're waking up, going to bed, eating lunch, or having a coffee. If you read a lot, why not try 15 minutes of an English book, or pass the challenge on to someone else? Good luck, and happy reading!
1. The author mentions his father in the text to show _______.| A．reading is important | B．his father is very busy |
| C．his father likes reading | D．many people have no habit of reading |
| A．Knowledge from books. | B．Some scientific experiments. |
| C．The authors personal experience. | D．The author's father's personal advice. |
| A．Helping readers sleep well. | B．Making readers feel relaxed. |
| C．Reminding readers of the real world. | D．Transporting readers to a different world. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Objective. | C． Supportive. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．15-minute Reading Challenge. | B．Tips for Reading English Books. |
| C．The ways to Improve Reading Skills. | D．Having a Coffee While You Read. |
【推荐1】Four destinations for electric-bike tours across Canada
Banff by e-bike
White Mountain Adventures and Banff Cycle both launched guided e-bike tours of Canada’s first national park this summer The former’s offerings include a 50-kilometre there-and-back ride along the Bow Valley Park way and a50-km return ride along the car-free Rocky Mountain Legacy Trail. Banff Cycle, meanwhile, adds a three-hour “Banff and Bow Valley” guided trip to the mix.
Fat-biking in Yukon
This new ride from the luxurious Mount Logan EcoLodge on the Alaska Highway near Haines Junction provides an exception to the rule that Canadian e-bike tours are unavailable in winter. Equipped with oversized tires to allow riding on snow and other unstable surfaces, the electric fat bikes can be booked for two-hour guided tours that explore the wilderness bordering Kluane National Park.
Sipping and e-cycling in Niagara
Niagara Cycling Tours hosts group outings of at least four e-bike riders that range in length from 65 to more than 110 kilometres. The offerings include a two-day “Niagara Introductory Ride,” which can be customized to visit local attractions, and a new “Beers and Bikes” tour, which rides between more than a dozen craft breweries (啤酒厂).
Gardens and gouda on Vancouver Island
Based in pretty Qualicum Beach. the new Electric Bike Co. offers a three-hour “Home and Garden Tour” highlighting high-design private houses and seaside flowers; and a four-to five hour ride and ferry (轮渡) voyage to Hornby Island, home of the Helliwell and Tribune Bay provincial parks.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?| A．A sports poster. | B．A travel brochure. |
| C．An academic article. | D．A geography textbook. |
| A．Banff by e-bike. |
| B．Fat-biking in Yukon. |
| C．Sipping and e-cycling in Niagara. |
| D．Gardens and gouda on Vancouver Island |
| A．Tasty beer. | B．High-design houses. |
| C．Seaside flowers. | D．Mountain scenery. |
【推荐2】Guildford School of Acing (GSA) is a successful center for musical training. Our philosophy is based on your growth as an individual and your development as an artist within a highly disciplined whole.
About what you should do
We want you to view yourself as a potential artist who can compete and succeed in all aspects musical performance. To accomplish this, you will need to develop your professional awareness through a strict process of training.
About the content of the courses
We will guide you towards the development of a clear set of individual technical skills, with practical classes in group and individual singing, ballet, jazz and other forms of dance. Your skills are further developed through many exercises, scene work and project rehearsal (排练). Classes in dancing and singing are highly ranked alongside acting classes and projects, which enable you to become multi-skilled. Professional development classes by the guests selected from the contemporary musical industry ensure currency within your chosen field and enable you to maximize all employment opportunities.
About the test
A final show presentation in the West End Theatre helps you complete your change from a musical student to a professional performer. The result is your development into a highly disciplined individual and all-round performer who has both artistic skills and the ability to work in cooperation with others.
1. Who is GSA intended for?| A．Literature students. | B．Sports students. | C．Psychology students. | D．Musical students. |
| A．High school teachers. | B．University teachers. |
| C．Professional musical performers. | D．Professional composers. |
| A．Write an essay. | B．Put on a show. |
| C．Design a course. | D．Meet a performer. |
【推荐3】Arriving at London Gatwick
Distance from central London: 28 miles/45km
For travel information call: +44(0)870 000 24 68
How to get to the city centre
By train
The Gatwick Express goes from Gatwick Airport to London Victoria train and underground station in central London.
Trains go every 15 minutes and the journey to central London takes half an hour.
First Class tickets cost ￡25(single), ￡48(return).
Express Class costs ￡17(single), ￡29(return).
Southern Trains services run four times an hour to Victoria with a journey time of around 35 minutes.
By taxi
There are taxis outside the airport day and night. The journey to central London takes 55-70 minutes. A London taxi takes up to 5 people.
The average cost from the airport to central London is ￡75-￡100.
By car
Gatwick Airport is 28 miles (45km) south of London. There are 4 car parks next to the airport and there are car rental offices open from 8:00 to 18:00. The journey to London takes 60-75 minutes.
All cars pay a special ￡8 charge to go into central London.
By bus
National Express and EasyBus have services to central London. EasyBus services go every 20 minutes. The journey takes one hour and costs ￡2.
There is one National Express bus an hour. The journey takes 90 minutes and costs ￡7.60.
1. Someone in a hurry to Victoria station had better travel _________.| A．by train | B．by car | C．by taxi | D．by bus |
| A．They cost the same. | B．They’re available at any time. |
| C．They require a special ￡8 charge. | D．They take a similar period of time. |
| A．Gatwick Express. | B．National Express. | C．EasyBus. | D．Southerm Trains. |
【推荐1】After years of research and testing, the hybrid car was developed and put on the market. It’s an interesting and exciting new improvement in today’s world as we look for better ways to protect the quality of the air we breathe and conserve our natural resources.
The quality of our air is affected by many different things. But one of the largest sources of air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline which is used to power a car’s engine. The EPA has set national standards to help control the level of harmful pollutants sent off into the air, and the automobile industry has acted by producing a hybrid car that uses less gas and therefore causes less pollution.
A hybrid car is a combination of a regular car that runs on gasoline and an electric car that is battery powered. Some people tend to think that since the hybrid car is partially electric, you have to plug it in to charge it. But that’s not how it works. The 144-volt battery pack is actually recharged through the energy that is produced when the car’s brakes are used. This is referred to as “regenerative braking”, because it generates electricity.
Although the hybrid car still runs on gasoline most of the time, this helps it use less gas than a regular car. When the driver stops at a traffic light, the engine automatically shuts off to save fuel. Then, as soon as the driver puts the car in gear and touches the gas pedal, the engine starts back up.
Have you ever ridden in a car with someone who ran out of gas? That probably wouldn’t happen if you were riding in a hybrid car. It flashes a warning on its computer screen that says, “I am low on gas”. When it completely runs out, the warning reads, “YOU ARE NOW OUT OF GAS!” Then the electric power supply kicks in to let the driver travel a few more miles to a gas station.
1. Which of the following is true according to the passage?| A．The hybrid car will be put on the market. |
| B．Hybrid cars run faster than regular cars. |
| C．When the hybrid car stops at a traffic light, the driver will get a warning. |
| D．The burning of fossil fuels is one of the largest sources of air pollution. |
| A．a high-tech discovery | B．energy saving |
| C．a new invention | D．a combination of two things |
| A．it allows the car to come to a quick stop | B．it gives the driver a smoother ride |
| C．it produces energy to charge the battery | D．it can control the speed of the car |
| A．They designed hybrid cars. |
| B．They outlawed(宣布……为不合法) the burning of fossil fuels. |
| C．They set important guidelines that help control pollution. |
| D．Their main purpose is to protect endangered plants and animals. |
| A．They use less gas than regular cars. | B．They’re safer to drive than most cars. |
| C．They’re more modern than other cars. | D．They cost less than regular cars. |
【推荐2】I remember my math teacher Mr. Young very well. He suggests Ways to Burn More Calories.
Run through water
Running in water is one of the toughest activities you can perform because the wet stuff is about 12 to 15 times as resistant (具有阻力的) as air. Try your hardest to run and you can burn about 17 calories per minute.
Start fast
Don't be fooled — slow and steady won’t win the race. A recent study found that after a short warm-up, cyclists who rode hard during the first half of their workouts and then slowed for the second half burned about 10 percent more calories than those who started slow and finished fast.
Take to the sand
Here is some easy-to-remember advice on burning calories: the softer the surface, the more you burn. By walking or running on the beach, you can use up 20 to 50 percent more calories than you do going at the same pace on a hard trail.
Shut up and dance
Here's the perfect excuse to sign up for that hip-hop dance class you've been eager to try. Surprising your body with new activities — dance, a new sport, you name it — forces it to work harder because it's doing unfamiliar movements and using muscle groups in different ways.
Use your arms
Getting both your upper and lower body involved can provide a big calorie-burning advantage. So if you're short of time or want to get everything you can out of your usual 45-minute workout, try total-body activities, like rowing. You can swing your arms as hard as you can while you walk.
1. How can water help you burn more calories?| A．By pushing your body. | B．By wetting your clothes and shoes. |
| C．By forcing you to run faster. | D．By forcing your body to work harder. |
| A．dance | B．movement | C．body | D．muscle |
| A．One can burn more calories when walking on the sand than on land. |
| B．One can burn more calories when walking on stones than on earth. |
| C．One can burn more calories when running in water than on the sand. |
| D．One can burn more calories when exercising using the upper body than using the lower body. |
【推荐3】Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to take control of Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.
In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage (短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
For many years, most of the Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.
The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.
1. What does the underlined phrase “take control of” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．reach. | B．conquer. |
| C．challenge. | D．support. |
| A．How the Irish fought against the English. |
| B．How Ireland gained independence. |
| C．How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. |
| D．How two “Irelands” came into being. |
| A．food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population |
| B．people are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside |
| C．it is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker |
| D．different kinds of old Irish songs are ail sung with instruments |
