Prosocial behaviors are those intended to help other people. Behaviors that can be described as prosocial include feeling empathy(同感) and concern for others and behaving in ways to help or benefit other people.
Prosocial behavior has long posed a challenge to social scientists seeking to understand why people engage in helping behaviors that are beneficial to others, but costly to the individual performing the action. Why would people do something that benefits someone else but offers no immediate benefit to the doer?
Psychologists suggest that there are a number of reasons why people engage in prosocial behavior. In many cases, such behaviors are fostered during childhood and adolescence as adults encourage children to share, act kindly, and help others. Prosocial behaviors are often seen as being compelled by a number of factors including egoistic reasons (doing things to improve one's selfimage), reciprocal benefits (doing something nice for someone so that they may one day return the favor), and more altruistic reasons (performing actions purely out of empathy for another individual).
Characteristics of the situation can also have a powerful impact on whether or not people engage in prosocial actions. The bystander effect is one of the most notable examples of how the situation can impact helping behaviors. The bystander effect refers to the tendency for people to become less likely to assist a person in distress when there are a number of other people also present. For example, if you drop your purse and several items fall out on the ground, the likelihood that someone will stop and help you decreases if there are many other people present. This same sort of thing can happen in cases where someone is in serious danger, such as when someone is involved in a car accident. In some cases, witnesses might assume that since there are so many other present, someone else will have surely already called for help.
Why do people help in some situations but not in others? Experts have discovered a number of different situational variables that contribute to (and sometimes interfere with) prosocial behaviors. First, the more people that are present decreases the amount of personal responsibility people feel in a situation. People also tend to look to others for how to respond in such situations, particularly if the event contains some level of ambiguity. Fear of being judged by other members of the group also plays a role. People sometimes fear leaping to assistance, only to discover that their help was unwanted or unwarranted. In order to avoid being judged by other bystanders, people simply take no action.
Experts have suggested that some key things must happen in order for a person to take action.
1. Prosocial behaviors are motivated for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.| A．empathy for another individual | B．instant benefits of helping others |
| C．parental influences in the early life | D．the desire to better one's selfimage |
| A．peace | B．despair |
| C．comfort | D．trouble |
| A．When hearing an injured lady crying for help, the neighbors didn't take action. |
| B．Seeing an old man slipping on the icy road, many people volunteered to help. |
| C．A woman was to give birth on the train and you were the only doctor there. |
| D．On the scene of your colleague's traffic accident, you called the police for help |
| A．possible benefits of prosocial behavior |
| B．various reasons for prosocial behavior |
| C．situational influences on prosocial behavior |
| D．skills and knowledge to provide assistance |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Believe it or not but it is true. There are people who lose the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage. But they become extremely good at something else. They become experts at spotting liars. The condition in which people lose their power to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasia(失语症). A study conducted in Massachusetts, U.S., has clearly proved that aphasics make good lie detectors(测谎仪).
In the last 100 years, many doctors studying the brain have mentioned examples of this amazing power of patients suffering from aphasia. Recently, scientists conducted tests to see if all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied the powers of a mixed group of people. Some were normal; others were aphasic. And it was proved clearly that the normal volunteers still got fooled by words. The aphasics were far ahead of them in recognizing false speech. The results of the study were reported in the magazine Nature.
`Fourteen years ago, famous American doctor, Dr. Oliver Sacks, wrote about his experiences with aphasic patients in a book. He remembered a particular incident in a hospital. Patients from the aphasia room were watching TV. Their president, Ronald Reagan, was giving a speech. He was trying to put feelings into each and every word of his speech. But his speech had an opposite effect on the patients. They were not impressed. On the contrary, the whole room shook with their laughter. The aphasics knew that he did not mean a word of what he was saying.
Dr. Sacks saw aphasics as more gifted than normal people. Normal people “get carried away” by words. An aphasic cannot understand words. But he or she can still understand what is being said. He said most of the aphasics had this superior understanding. So, while normal people think of aphasic patients as brain damaged, they actually seem to understand human expressions better.
1. We can know from the first paragraph ___.| A．how aphasics get their special ability | B．that aphasics can tell if you are lying |
| C．that aphasics are good at telling lies | D．why aphasics are experts at spotting liars |
| A．get misunderstood | B．get excited | C．get fooled | D．get discouraged |
| A．can be cured totally | B．can not understand what is being said |
| C．are specially gifted in a way | D．should be treated equally and nicely |
| A．A great discovery | B．A special way of understanding |
| C．Why aphasics can’t talk | D．The great lie detectors |
【推荐2】As a child grows up, you may wonder how you can teach him to become a respectful adult.
Show him respect.
This is the best way to teach your child how to respect others. Listen to your child attentively and he will learn to listen to you, understanding how important this is in communication.
The more you say “please” and “thank you” to your child, the more likely he will learn to use them. Politeness then becomes a normal part of any conversation.
Agree to disagree.
Control your anger.
When a situation arises, stay calm and keep in mind that you are supposed to be modeling correct behavior.
Praise, praise, praise!
So much is focused on what a child does wrong and how to correct it that his achievements are not celebrated enough.
| A．Teach manners by using polite requests and responses． |
| B．Respect is necessary for a meaningful and successful life. |
| C．Try to remember that a child won’t always agree with you. |
| D．A child may act as he pleases, and he will live a happy life. |
| E．Respectful behavior always comes with bad behavior as a child. |
| F．If he sees your anger beyond control, he is more likely to respond that way in future. |
| G．Seeing a child exhibit respectful behavior, make sure he knows how proud you are of him. |
【推荐3】Your neighbors are probably the first line of defense in case of any problematic situation.
The first step is introducing yourself when you move to a new neighborhood or when a newcomer moves in. Leave them a note under their door to introduce yourself.
Be respectful of your neighbors. It’s in poor taste to have regular insensitive parties at your place causing disturbances. Before your party, it’s good practice to notify your neighbors. Besides, avoid chatting them up for hours on end, which may be inconvenient, especially if you don’t know their schedules.
As Emma Seppälä put it, “social connectedness generates a positive feedback loop (圈) of social, emotional and physical well-being.” It feels so easy to just stay home without having to engage with your neighbors but connecting with them is worth the effort.
| A．Remember every small gesture counts. |
| B．A crisis is a test of communication skills. |
| C．It can actually boost your mood in the long run. |
| D．Slipping it in their mailbox further solidifies friendship. |
| E．It’s essential to ensure you maintain decent relationships with them. |
| F．Alternatively, you can give them a gift while making yourself known to them. |
| G．Only by establishing healthy boundaries will you achieve peaceful coexistence. |
【推荐1】A little creativity each day can go a long way towards happiness and pleasure in our daily life.
The researchers followed 658 people for about two weeks and found that doing small, everyday things like cooking and baking (烘焙) made the group feel more relaxed and happier. By following diaries kept by the study subjects, the researchers found that besides feeling happier, people who worked on little creative projects every day also felt they were “flourishing”, a term that describes the feeling of personal growth. That could mean that the good feeling that comes with pulling the freshly-baked bread out of the oven could carry over into the next day, making that baker more likely to keep on with their little acts of creative cooking.
This isn’t the first time researchers have connected making food with good feelings. In recent years, cooking and baking have been explored as a tool to help people deal with things like nervousness and worry.
“When I’m in the kitchen, preparing things like sugar or butter I needed or breaking the exact number of eggs, I am in control,” said baker John Whaite with mental disorder (心理障碍). “That’s really important as a key sign of my condition is a feeling of no control.”
“For people like Whaite, baking can help them by providing small tasks to focus on. To put together a good meal, cooks have to be continuously in the moment, adding seasonings (调味品) and tasting their food to make sure everything will come out alright, all of which can be helpful methods of treating some forms of mental illness,” wrote Huma Qureshi.
A lot of us turn to baking when we’re feeling low. Some of us even start baking because they are ill and need something simple to focus. Baking may not be a be-all-and-end-all cure (最佳疗法) for mental illness, but anyone in need of lifted spirits should consider it.
1. What were the people required to do in the study?| A．To find ways to enjoy themselves. |
| B．To practise cooking and baking skills. |
| C．To invent new methods of baking bread. |
| D．To keep a record of their feelings every day. |
| A．He has made great progress in baking by practising. |
| B．He used to feel nervous and worried when cooking. |
| C．He enjoys the feeling of being in control. |
| D．He takes pride in his cooking skills. |
| A．By concentrating their mind. |
| B．By giving them a sense of success. |
| C．By making them taste healthy food. |
| D．By making them forget painful things. |
| A．Education. | B．Society. | C．Nature. | D．Lifestyle. |
【推荐2】The driver who cuts you off in traffic. The neighbors who don’t pick up after their dog. Situations such as these get our hearts racing and send our stress levels skyrocketing. Anger isn’t a pleasant feeling. Some of us bottle up the feeling, while others explode in a wild rage (狂怒). Both habits do considerable harm to our bodies, our minds, and our relationships.
“Anger may feel uncomfortable and a lot of people think they have to get rid of their anger,” says Patrick Keelan, a registered psychologist in Calgary, Alberta. “But anger is an emotion built into us to signal that something needs to be addressed. When we take notice of that signal and actually wrestle with the problem instead of turning a blind eye to it, we’re usually much better for it.”
Unfortunately, many of us have been conditioned to keep our emotions hidden. Increasingly, research is suggesting that this can have long-term effects on our health. Investigators at the University of Rochester noticed that people who contain their emotions tend to live shorter lives.
Is it better, then, to scream and howl whenever something makes you mad? That’s probably the reason why “rage rooms” have popped up in many American cities, where folks are invited to let steam off by violently smashing (打碎) stuff in a “safe” environment. However, the research indicates that when people display anger aggressively, it can actually increase the intensity of the anger — and increase the likelihood of aggressive actions in the future. It doesn’t take much imagination to predict how such behavior can affect your relationship with your spouse, your kids, or your colleagues. It also hurts your health. A large 2016 study at McMaster University found that people are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack after an angry explosion.
If we shouldn’t bottle up our angry feelings but aggressive behavior isn’t healthy either, how should we handle things that tick us of? It’s the extreme highs and lows that cause the damage. If you’re able to apply techniques that smooth out some of those peaks and valleys, you can have a gentler ride.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．All people lose their temper when offended. |
| B．When feeling angry, some people hold back the emotion. |
| C．Anger does harm because it causes heart problems and stress. |
| D．Only exploding in a wild rage is harmful. |
| A．Uncomfortable and avoidable. | B．Terrible and threatening. |
| C．Confusing and complex. | D．Normal and natural. |
| A．It leads to people’s shorter life. | B．It warns people against violence. |
| C．It adds to people’s anger. | D．It causes many "rage rooms" to be smashed. |
| A．Possible causes of anger. | B．Tips on handling anger. |
| C．Possible harm of anger. | D．Tips on avoiding anger. |
【推荐3】How many of the phone numbers of your closest and dearest can you remember? How about birthdays or the addresses of post offices?
If you suspect the numbers you can remember are fewer than you have ever been able to before, there is a very good chance that you are right. It’s likely that you are exhibiting a phenomenon known as “digital amnesia” or “Google effect” — a phrase created by a cyber-security group Kaspersky Lab to describe forgetting information that you trust a digital device to store and remember for you.
According to a study carried out last year, digital technology is not just transforming the way we live and work; it is changing the way we think, learn, behave, and remember. More than half of the 6,000 European adults surveyed in the study remembered the phone number of the house they had lived in when they were 10 years old but they were unable to recall the phone numbers of their current workplaces due to the development of digital technology.
When faced with a question, 36 percent of those surveyed said they would jump online to locate an answer before they even bothered trying to recall whether they already knew the answer. Travelers have no problem using electronic map-readers to find remote locations, but almost one in four reported that as soon as the thing stopped working, they didn’t know what to do.
Dr Maria Wimber, a lecturer at the University of Birmingham’s School of Psychology, said, “Looking up information online, instead of trying to recall it ourselves, makes us shallower thinkers. Given that our brains clearly have a capacity limit, smartphones can strengthen our memory, because they store information outwards, and thereby free up our brain capacity.” She said, “Forgetting is in no way a bad thing.”
Across the world, scientists are currently trying to work out how our addiction to high-tech devices is affecting us. They are studying everything from what technology is doing to cognitive (认知的) development in the young to whether adults have started using their smartphones instead of thinking to puzzle things out.
1. What does “digital amnesia” refer to?| A．People pay less attention to cyber security. |
| B．People enjoy recalling their past experiences. |
| C．People lack the motivation to learn something new. |
| D．People turn to digital devices for stored information. |
| A．Digital technology is developing very badly. |
| B．People benefit much from technology in every aspect. |
| C．People’s thinking ability weakens due to technology. |
| D．The simplified life is more suitable for modern people. |
| A．Supportive. | B．Objective. | C．Unclear. | D．Worried. |
| A．The level of people’s addiction to their phones. |
| B．The relationship between technology and mental health. |
| C．The possibility of technology replacing humans’ thinking. |
| D．The related studies about people’s reliance on technology. |
【推荐1】A snowboarder was feeling lucky to be alive yesterday after a helicopter rescue(直升机营救).
Ben Akintola, 30, was snowboarding in the French Alps under a clear blue sky in the afternoon when a large amount of snow fell down the side of the mountain. He didn’t have time to escape(逃脱) and it hit him with full force and knocked him senseless.
He woke in the night in total darkness. He was lying on an icy rock. Amazingly, he still had a mobile phone signal(信号), so he called a friend a thousand kilometers away in Britain. His friend called the French rescue services.
“I was waiting for what seemed like hours on that rock. I was beginning to give up hope when I heard the sound of a helicopter. It was circling around in the darkness, looking for me. I was trying my best to wave my mobile around. Fortunately the helicopter pilot saw the light.”
“I was overjoyed when the helicopter headed my way. It stayed above me and began lowering a rope.”
Ben was in hospital last night but he was not being treated for any serious injuries. He’s looking forward to going home today.
The French rescue services said: “We were very pleased that we were able to save Ben. The risk of snow slide off-piste(非滑雪场地的) is much higher at this time of year. All snowboarders and skiers should stay on the ski runs and not go off-piste. Ben was very lucky.”
1. What happened to Ben?| A．He got lost in the French Alps. | B．He had a snowboarding accident. |
| C．He was separated from his friends. | D．He was knocked down by falling rocks. |
| A．from his friend | B．in the early afternoon |
| C．after receiving his call | D．when seeing his mobile |
| A．It made him strong in the darkness. | B．It caused him to hope for the best. |
| C．It was shorter than he expected. | D．It was a little discouraging. |
| A．A Lucky Escape | B．A Rocky Mountain |
| C．Risks of Snowboarding | D．French Rescue Services |
【推荐2】Vegetable gardens may not be as visually pleasing as the variety of flowers, but Floridians looking to save some green by growing their own salad fixings can soon do so without fear. Gov. Ron DeSantis this week signed a law that bans local governments from carrying orders against homeowners from raising veggies in their yards.
The law, which takes effect July 1, puts an end to that particular power of towns and cities across the state to prohibit vegetable gardens for “aesthetic（审美的）purposes”.
The problem became a cause after a couple living in Miami Shores Village opposed the decision of a $ 50 a day fine for growing vegetables in their front yard, as they’d done for years.
Hermine Ricketts and her husband Tom Carroll fought City Hall in a case that wound its way up the state’s court system, with judges consistently ruling against their money-saving and health-conscious project.
After the Florida Supreme Court ruled in favor of Miami Shores’ right to control design and landscaping standards, the couple replaced their vegetables with pink flamingos（红鹤）.
Their cause was not lost, however. State lawmakers proposed and passed a law that effectively voids the court rulings, with Rob Bradley, who sponsored the bill, reportedly calling the village’s action a “vast overreach”.
The lawmaker noted the difficulty that many families experience getting fresh and affordable food, calling bans against vegetable and fruit gardens ridiculous.
About a third of all households in the U. S. grow some of their own food, according to the National Gardening Association. The group says a 600-square-foot garden that costs around $ 70 a year to keep can grow 300 pounds of fresh produce worth about $ 600 annually.
1. Why will some Floridians plant salad fixings?| A．To add to some green. | B．To make life colorful. |
| C．To build their own gardens. | D．To cut down daily expenses. |
| A．Shortage of fresh vegetables. |
| B．A case concerning a couple. |
| C．The advantages of raising vegetables. |
| D．The unjustice of judges’ conclusion. |
| A．Hides. | B．Cancels. |
| C．Prevents. | D．Values. |
| A．To show how to get these statistics. |
| B．To provide some advice for citizens. |
| C．To add some background information. |
| D．To list the benefits of growing vegetables. |
【推荐3】Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.
For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hates confinement (限制) and have strong opinions about everything.
Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.
But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.
That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.
We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons.
We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.
I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.
Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself.
1. Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home?| A．It was less tiring. |
| B．It would be faster and safer. |
| C．Her kids would feel less confined. |
| D．She felt better with other drivers nearby. |
| A．Freeways are where beauty hides. |
| B．Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life |
| C．Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health |
| D．One should follow side roads to watch wild animals |
| A．To give herself some time to read. |
| B．To order some food for them. |
| C．To play a game with them. |
| D．To let them cool down. |
| A．Charm of the Detour |
| B．The Road to Bravery |
| C．Creativity out of Necessity |
| D．Road trip and Country Life |
【推荐1】If you ever find yourself trapped in the wilderness without food, you'll have to figure out how to feed yourself. Many plants in the wild are edible, but many are also poisonous. So it is necessary to learn how to determine whether the plants you find can be eaten safely.
Avoid using this method without careful planning. Some plants can be deadly, and even if you follow these guidelines perfectly, there is always a chance that a plant will make you seriously ill. Prepare yourself for wilderness outings by learning about the local plants, and carry a guidebook to help you identify plants. Even if you are unprepared and cannot find food you know to be safe, remember that, depending on your activity level, the human body can go for days without food, and you’re better off being hungry than being poisoned.
Testing the plant in your mouth is dangerous, so go forward very slowly and carefully. First, hold a small portion of the prepared plant part against your lip for 3 minutes. Do not put the plant in your mouth. If you notice any burning, tingling (刺痛), or other reactions, discontinue testing. Second, place another small portion of the plant part on your tongue. Hold the plant on your tongue without chewing for 15 minutes. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Third, chew the plant and hold it in your mouth for 15 minutes. Chew the plant well, and do not swallow. Discontinue testing if you notice any reaction. Fourth, swallow the small portion of the plant. Wait 8 hours. Do not eat or drink anything during this period except purified water. If you feel sick, immediately throw up what you eat and drink plenty of water. If activated charcoal (活性炭) is available, take that with the water.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined world “edible” in paragraph 1?| A．Suitable for using as food. | B．Widely spread. |
| C．Existing in large quantities. | D．Not widely known. |
| A．Planning is unnecessary when using the method. |
| B．Not all plants in the wild can serve as food generally. |
| C．Suffering hunger can be more dangerous than testing plants. |
| D．Following the method perfectly can ensure safety. |
① wait and see ② chew it in the mouth③ put it on the tongue④ put it against lips ⑤ swallow it
| A．③④②①⑤ | B．④③②①⑤ | C．③④②⑤① | D．④③②⑤① |
| A．A student’s diary. |
| B．A science report. |
| C．A guide book for camping. |
| D．A doctor’ s notebook. |
【推荐2】We once had a poster competition in our fifth-grade art class.
“You could win prizes,” our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard. She passed out sheets of construction paper while continuing, “The first prize is ten dollars. You just have to make sure that the words on the blackboard appear somewhere on your poster.”
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten-dollar grand prize, each and every one of us. I’m going to spend mine on candies, one hopeful would announce, while another practiced looking serious, wise and rich.
Everyone in the class made a poster. Some of us used parts of those fancy paper napkins, while others used nothing but colored construction paper. Some of us used big designs, and some of us preferred to gather our art tidily down in one corner of our poster and let the space draw the viewer’s attention to it. Some of us would wander past the good students’ desks and then return to our own projects with a growing sense of hopelessness. It was yet another grown-up trick of the sort they seemed especially fond of, making all of us believe we had a fair chance, and then always—always—rewarding the same old winners.
I believe I drew a sailboat, but I can’t say that with any certainty. I made it. I admired it. I determined it to be the very best of all of the posters I had seen, and then I turned it in.
Minutes passed.
No one came along to give me the grand prize, and then someone distracted me, and I probably never would have thought about that poster again.
I was still sitting at my desk, thinking, what poster? When the teacher gave me an envelope with a ten-dollar bill in it and everyone in the class applauded for me.
1. What was the teacher’s requirement for the poster?| A．It must appear in time. | B．It must be done in class. |
| C．It must be done on a construction sheet. | D．It must include the words on the blackboard. |
| A．formed an idea for | B．made an outline for |
| C．made some space for | D．chose some colors for |
| A．enjoyed grown up tricks very much | B．loved poster competitions very much |
| C．felt surprised to win the competition | D．became wise and rich after the competition |
【推荐3】The oldest of the four bridges that rest over Venice's Grand Canal, the Rialto Bridge sits proudly in the busiest part of the floating city. Visitors can enjoy its striking architecture, visit the souvenir（纪念品）stalls（货摊），and breathe in Rialto's lively atmosphere.
If you're only seeking the Rialto Bridge, it's best to avoid the crowds. The area is always busy, but early in the morning it is less busy− −or late at night when the markets are shut.
Sunset is a beautiful time to visit, with the southern side of the bridge offering a glorious view of the gondolas(（凤尾船）pulling up to the grand buildings lining the canal.
The busiest time on the bridge is from mid-morning, when the day trippers arrive, to the late afternoon. The stalls are moving slowly with customers and it can get a little uncomfortable in the heat.
The Rialto markets are undoubtedly historic, with locals gathering here to shop since the 11th century. If you want to tie the markets in with your trip to the bridge, try to visit early in the morning, when you'll be able to experience the local fish and vegetable market.
The barges（驳船）start arriving at dawn, and the markets are in full swing by 8 :00. This is your best bet for an authentic market experience, as it's when the locals do their shopping and colorful, seasonal produce is plentiful. If you’re lucky, you may be offered free samples（样
品）by the sellers.
The markets are shut on Sunday and Monday, and during the rest of the week they begin to slow down after lunch. It's never exactly quiet in the Rialto area but the earlier you arrive, the more likely you are to enjoy a bit of peace at the bridge.
If you’re there in winter, you’ll have a much quieter experience than in summer. This is when the bridge is decorated with twinkling lights and is a particularly pretty experience.
1. What can visitors do when they come to the Rialto Bridge?| A．They can enjoy the impressive architecture. |
| B．They can see all the old buildings along the canal. |
| C．They can see all kinds of stalls floating on the canal. |
| D．They can see the whole city. |
| A．mid-morning | B．when the sun sets |
| C．late afternoon | D．late at night |
| A．a visit to the markets can help you make friends with the local people |
| B．the view of the Rialto Bridge at sunset is very attractive and impressive |
| C．customers can ask for free samples when buying produce |
| D．sales people of the markets take a rest at the weekends |
| A．Going through ups and downs. | B．Moving back and forth rapidly. |
| C．Doing the most business. | D．Getting the most stock（股票）. |
