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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:28 题号:9305419

Recently, I came across an interesting article on the difference between British English and American English: I had a lot of fun reading it and thinking of as many differences as I could as an American.

Their cars have “bonnets(引擎盖)”, while ours have “hoods”. They park their cars in a “car park” while we leave ours in a “parking lot”. Our “cookies” are their “biscuits” while their “rubbers” are our “erasers”.

Then there are the food words. Would you want to eat something called “Toad in the Hole” or “Bangers and mash” or “Spotted Dick”. I’m here to tell you they are all very delicious. There are American equivalent(对应物) of course. We’ve got “Shoofly Pie” “Chicken Fried Steak” and “Mississippi Mud Pie”. What they call “crisps” is what we call “potato chips” and when we ask for “chips” in England we will get what we know at home in America as “French fries”.

They find it extremely funny that we call the “toilet” the “bathroom” and they really bend over with laughter when we ask for the “restroom”. American ladies in England who ask for the “little girl’s room” or the “powder room” will be met with blank stares. A “fag” is a “cigarette” in the UK, which can lead to endless confusion for British visitors looking for a cigarette in America. Americans on the other hand are endlessly confused by English signs put up over doorways saying “Way Out”. We Americans walk on the sidewalk not the pavement. “Pavement” in America is the actual cement (水泥) the sidewalk is made of.

1. What do British people call French fries?
A.ChipsB.Crisps
C.ShooflyD.Mississippi Mud Pie
2. Why is it difficult for British people to look for a cigarette in America?
A.Because American people don’t like giving others cigarette.
B.Because it is not allowed to smoke in public in America.
C.Because American people don’t know a “fag” means a “cigarette”.
D.Because American people don’t smoke often.
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Some similar habits between Americans cans and the British.
B.Different communicating ways between Americans and the British.
C.Different body languages between Americans and the British.
D.Some differences between American English and British English.
18-19高一·浙江·期中 查看更多[1]

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文章大意:这是一篇议论文。就语言保护方面,作者认为语言保护不能一概而论,关注语言,也更需要关注语言的使用者。

【推荐1】Read a few news headlines and you’ll see some common themes: the rising number of languages dying worldwide, the isolation of individual last speakers, and the wider cultural loss for humanity. These stories often mention how people try to protect such languages. However, they tend to focus less on how such efforts actually help speakers of endangered languages. Such efforts sometimes help, sometimes harm, and sometimes do both.

Encouraging someone to keep speaking a declining minority language could certainly boost his or her sense of identity. But when a bigger language is adopted somewhere, it doesn’t remove everything that came before. Often, intense contact between big and small languages leads to a new mixture - for example, Sheng in Kenya and Tsotsitaal in South Africa. In other cases, such language contact results in a new localized dialect. As linguist Peter Trudgill argues, this can also hold a highly local identity.

Sure enough, enabling a people to use their traditional language can make them feel better about themselves. But is it really helping them? Simply adding your ancestral language as a new school subject isn’t very helpful if your school is falling down, or you’re not eating well. To think anything much can be solved just by performing CPR (心肺复苏) in a minority language is to ignore how complicated human society is and how many different simultaneous (同时的) needs we have.

In Québec, Canada, just under 75% of residents have French as their native language, but the percentage has fallen over the past five years. In 2022, the Québec Legislature passed Bill 96, which requires people to only use French for official speech and writing. This is an example of the prioritization of language, yet it’s unclear whether the law will actually improve Québec residents’ lives, or even help preserve French in Québec.

So promoting endangered languages can be a positive force, but we shouldn’t assume that’s universally true. It is especially difficult for a language expert to say so. Perhaps we should focus less on languages themselves, and pay more attention to the lives of the people who speak them.

1. What do the news stories about languages usually focus on?
A.The efforts to save endangered languages.
B.The future development of our languages.
C.The cultural functions of languages worldwide.
D.The problem with promoting language uniformity.
2. What can a bigger adopted language bring about according to Peter Trudgill?
A.The separation from the past.B.The enrichment of local cultures.
C.The loss of social interaction.D.The preservation of people’s identity.
3. What can be inferred about saving endangered languages?
A.It will take ages to see its effect.
B.It requires more attention to native speakers.
C.It will guarantee a win-win result.
D.It needs more focus on languages themselves.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.How to Improve Minority Language Speakers’ Life
B.How to Boost Minority Language speakers’ Identity
C.Promotion of French in Canada: Fruitful or Fruitless
D.Endangered Language Protection: Helpful or Harmful
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【推荐2】The time may soon come when we say goodbye to most of the world’s languages. Today humans express themselves in over 6,000 different languages. But that is quickly changing. Many scientists say that over half of these languages will disappear within the next 50 years. After 100 years, the languages used in the world will not be more than 20.
Why? It is because people from different cultures live and work together much more often than before. This brings changes. The languages of the world’s main culture are replacing the languages of the smaller cultures. Most international trade takes place in world languages such as English. People respect their own cultures and traditions, but when it comes to getting a job, knowing a world language is often necessary. It may mean the difference between success and failure.
Technology works on the change of languages in an even more amazing way. Modern media such as radio and television give young people in developing countries much knowledge about the world. But this knowledge doesn’t come in words from the mouths of their parents or the elders in their neighborhood. It usually comes in the language of a different culture.
People in different cultures think it good for them to share a popular language. They can quickly share ideas and work together. Knowing the same language means easier communication and is a basis for trust.
Is the death of a small local language such a terrible thing? The answer is maybe. Many cultures may have words for many useful things we know nothing about. If their languages die, their valuable wisdom may be lost forever. The future of the world’s language depends on our actions now. Will we protect endangered languages or allow them to quietly disappear?
Time will have the last word.
1. Scientists say that within 50 years, perhaps, there will be only ________ languages in the world.
A.4,000B.over 3,000C.no more than 20D.around 3,000
2. The passage says that if all the people in the world knew a major world language, ________.
A.radio and television would all use the language
B.it would be easier for them to share their ideas
C.lessons at schools would be taught in the language
D.people would respect their own culture more
3. Also, the passage says that if nobody spoke the languages of smaller cultures, ________.
A.knowledge would come from the mouths of the elders
B.many of the words for things we do not know would be lost
C.people would have difficulty in working together
D.there would be no smaller cultures
4. By saying “Time will have the last word,” the writer means “________”.
A.let us wait and see
B.we have time to do something
C.it is too late to do anything
D.it is only a problem of time
2016-12-13更新 | 149次组卷
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【推荐3】“Mum, what does it mean when someone tells you that they have a skeleton (骨骼) in the closet (衣橱)?”Jessica asked. “A skeleton in the closet?” her mother paused thoughtfully, “Well, it’s something that you would rather not have anyone else know about. For example, if in the past, someone in Dad’s family had been arrested for stealing a horse, it would be ‘a skeleton in his family’s closet’. He really wouldn’t want any neighbor to know about it.”
“Why pick on my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Your family history isn’t so good, you know. Wasn’t you great-great grandfather a prisoner who was transported to Australia for his crimes?” “Yes, but people these days say that you are not a real Australian unless your ancestors arrived as prisoners.” “Gosh, sorry I asked. I think I understand now,” Jessica cut in before things grew worse.
After dinner, the house was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each other. Her mother was ironing clothes and every now and then she glared at her husband, who hid behind his newspaper pretending to read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet. Just as she opened the door and reached in to hang a skirt, a bony arm stuck out from the dark depths and a bundle of white bones fell to the floor. Jessica’s mother sank into a faint (晕倒), waking only when Jessica put a cold, wet cloth on her forehead. She looked up to see the worried faces of her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “You just destroyed the school’s skeleton, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brought it home to help me with my health project. I meant to tell you, but it seemed that as soon as I mentioned skeletons and closets, it caused a problem between you and Dad.” Jessica looked in amazement as her parents began to laugh madly. “They’re both crazy,” she thought.
1. According to Jessica’s mother, “a skeleton in the closet” means ________.
A.a family honorB.a family secret
C.a family storyD.a family treasure
2. What can we learn about some Australian’s ancestors from Paragraph 2?
A.They were brought to Australia as prisoners.
B.They were the earliest people living in Australia.
C.They were involved in some crimes in Australia.
D.They were not regarded as criminals in their days.
3. Jessica’s mother fell down into a faint because she was ________.
A.knockedB.frightenedC.injuredD.surprised
4. Why did Jessica bring a skeleton home?
A.She was curious about it.B.She planned to keep it for fun.
C.She needed it for her school task.D.She intended to scare her parents.
5. Jessica’s parents laughed madly at the end of the story probably because ________.
A.they were crazy
B.they were overexcited
C.they realized their misunderstanding
D.they both thought they had won the quarrel
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