The royal family is filled with rules, and one in particular might explain why Princess Charlotte is a princess, but her kids likely won't be.
When it comes to the British royal family, one thing is almost always true: they have a pretty confusing set of official rules and protocols. For instance, the royal family doesn't have a last name. And don't forget the fact that Queen Elizabeth celebrates two birthdays every year.
If your head isn't swimming yet, consider the tradition of royal titles. As a British custom, only the daughter of a prince or a prince's wife may be considered a formal "princess". The latter applies to Kate, who is both a princess and the Duchess of Cambridge thanks to her marriage to Prince William, the Duke of Cambridge. And their children, Prince George and Princess Charlotte, also bear official royal titles because their father is Prince William.
However, while Prince George's future children will also carry their father's royal status, any children that Princess Charlotte has will not automatically be considered princes or princesses. Why? Royal custom dictates that royal titles are passed down via sons, but not daughters.
"Royal titles are inherited through sons, so if Princess Charlotte has children they would not automatically inherit the titles (his or her royal highness) HRH, Prince, or Princess," Lucy Hume, associate director of etiquette experts Debrett's, told Town& Country.
Of course, exceptions can (and will!) be made. (Learn about every time the British royal family broke their own protocol.) The Queen has offered HRH status to other royal offspring in the past, including the children of Queen Elizabeth's daughter, Anne. Although Princess Anne and her husband, Captain Phillips, declined, perhaps Princess Charlotte will be extended the same offer when her own children are born.
1. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “protocols” in the second paragraph?| A．Promise. | B．Behavior. |
| C．Manners. | D．Connection. |
| A．The son of a princess. | B．The daughter of a prince. |
| C．The daughter of a princess. | D．The wife of a king. |
| A．Prince George. | B．Elizabeth. |
| C．Prince William. | D．Captain Philips. |
| A．Any person can break traditional rules. |
| B．Not every person must obey traditional rules. |
| C．Any British royal family member has their own title. |
| D．Maybe the British royal family will break their own rules. |
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【推荐1】Fire has been known for its powerful energy and is used in both ancient and modern ceremonies. Festivals about fire are celebrated all around the world. You can learn about some of them below.
The Torch (火) Festival
The Torch Festival takes place from the 24th to the 26th day of lunar June every year in China. It is an important traditional festival of the Yi, Naxi, and Bai ethnic people in Southwestern China. For 3 days, the people carry burning torches and take part in a variety of activities. Fruits, fireworks and lanterns are all festively hung around the torch.
The Burning Man Festival
The Burning Man Festival, which began in 1986, is based on the idea of community, inclusion, creativity, fashion and anti-consumerism. It is an eight-day festival held in Nevada, America from late August to early September. At this time of year, people from all over the world come here. All participants are called burners.
The Fire and Snow Festival
In mid-February every year, in the depths of cold winter, the Fire and Snow Festival takes place in Japan. Originally, this festival had its roots in a purification ceremony. In modern times, however, the festival is more of a community event. A sweet drink, made from rice is served up there.
The Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival
Another fire celebration to take place in February is the Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival in the Republic of Korea, Asia. The festival goes back centuries, when local families would keep cows. Farmers would set fire to the mountains to destroy old grass and kill harmful insects. Now, a hilltop is set to pray for health and a good harvest in the coming year.
1. Which one is the Chinese festival?| A．The Torch Festival. |
| B．The Burning Man Festival. |
| C．The Fire and Snow Festival. |
| D．The Jeongwol Daeboreum Deulbli Festival. |
| A．They take place in European countries. |
| B．They are celebrated in the same month. |
| C．The festival participants are called burners. |
| D．The purpose of them is to destroy old grass. |
| A．Diet. | B．Health. | C．Culture. | D．Education. |
【推荐2】You can tell a lot about a country by what's on its television sets. Britain's TV screens are completely steeped in class, and have long been so.
From laughing at poor people in reality shows to laughing at posh people in Downton Abbey, this is how Britain likes to unwind in the evening: by laughing at other classes, and laughing at people for laughing about class.
Like it or loathe it, many see the class system as a quite essential element of British life, together with our obsession for tea and cake and talking about the weather.
Whether you are a lord, a lady, or just the king of your own middle class kingdom, everyone in the UK fits into the class system. How the class system works is a hard question even for a British person to answer.
There are four main groups in the British class system: lower, working, middle and upper class. Although recently the BBC has tried to confuse everyone even more by adding three more categories.
The British are very aware of class; it is often said that we have an in-built 'class radar'; we pick up on subtle social clues which indicate which class a person comes from. Class is not just about your job, where you live and how much you earn. It's about who you are.
1. According to the passage ,what Britain are not likely to talk about?| A．Weather | B．Class |
| C．Jokes | D．Tea and cake |
| A．Five | B．Three |
| C．Seven | D．Four |
| A．Because many see the class system as a typical part of British life. |
| B．Because class is about who you are. |
| C．Because how the class system works is a hard question even for a British person to answer. |
| D．Because there are different groups in the British class system. |
【推荐3】Each time Chinese New Year is approaching, preparations are underway around the world. Here are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to mark the day.
London
Although it may not be as large or as long-built as others, having only become a center for the Chinese community during the 1950s, London’s Chinatown is a perfectly formed little firework that knows how to see in the year with a bang. Decorated with red lanterns (灯笼), previous years have seen shows with acrobatics (杂技), martial arts (武术), dance and opera nearby.
San Francisco
San Francisco’s Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the United States. The city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Stockton Street, this historic area is a local treasure, attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.
Bangkok
With an about 100-year-old history, the Thai capital’s Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty treats, clothes, toys and antiques. Sunday market days are such a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood. The area is also known for its gold dealers, whose shops line the road.
Mauritius
Found in Port Louis, this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nation’s rich multicultural diversity. Established in the early years of the 20th century by settlers from China, its tiny shops and restaurants serve locals and visitors. During the Chinese Spring Festival, the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional Lion dances through the streets.
1. What’s the main idea of this passage ?| A．Preparations for Chinese New Year. | B．Some Chinatowns in foreign countries. |
| C．How to celebrate Chinese New Year. | D．Chinese New Year is coming. |
| A．It is crowded with Chinese restaurants. | B．It is the major entrance for the Chinese. |
| C．It is well-known for its gold business. | D．It is where you can enjoy fireworks. |
| A．Rue Royale in Port Louis, Mauritius. | B．the Sunday market in Bangkok. |
| C．the Grant Avenue in San Francisco. | D．the Chinese community in London. |
Safety information for study abroad
Remember you are responsible for the choices you make regarding your safety! Be careful all the time. Not knowing about the culture, language, people and situations may put you at higher risk. Learn what women and men do in the culture to protect themselves.
☆ Avoid walking alone at night. Do not agree to meet a person whom you do not know in a lonely place. Be cautious when meeting new people. Don’t give out your address and phone number to strangers or let out too much personal information about yourself.
☆ Do not attract attention to yourself by speaking English loudly in public in America or wearing expensive jewelry. These manners will certainly attract thieves, or worse. Do not be afraid to be impolite when faced with unwanted situations. Do not let anyone push you into taking risks. If you feel unsafe, you probably are.
☆ Taxis are not safe everywhere, especially late at night. Men and women are often robbed by taxi drivers. In many cities, taxis have gotten so dangerous that people use Radio Taxis to get the names of good companies.
☆ When using public telephones, especially in a lonely place, stand facing out so you can see your surroundings. If someone stops you to ask for the time or to ask for directions, step away to a distance that is safer. Why would they consider asking an obviously foreign person for directions?
☆ Your life will always be more important than any of your possessions (财产). Let them go and run away if necessary.
1. For whom is the passage written?| A．Parents who worry about the safety of their children. |
| B．Foreign people who are traveling in the USA. |
| C．Those students who are studying abroad. |
| D．People who are interested in foreign culture. |
| A．Friendly. | B．Careful. | C．Active. | D．Calm. |
| A．others will laugh at your bad English |
| B．it is bad manners to speak loudly in American culture |
| C．you will attract too much attention to yourself |
| D．other people will ask more information about yourself |
| A．Taking public transportation whenever you go out. |
| B．Not considering others’ feelings as long as you like. |
| C．Not offering help to anyone in the street. |
| D．Having a high sense of safety at any time. |
【推荐2】WHY SHENNONGJIA?
As we know, in 2016, Shennongjia made it on to the UNESCO World Heritage List. But there are so many important places not yet on this list. So you might ask: why Shennongjia?
UNESCO awarded Shennongjia this status because it meets two criteria required by the list. It contains a naturally-balanced environment that allows the many and various species to live and prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
For the first criterion, Shennongjia is apparently one of the most “complete” natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3, 000 metres above sealevel, giving it the name the “Roof of Central China”.
For the second criterion, we can see that Shennongjia has incredible biodiversity. Look at this slide. According to official statistics, over 3, 000 plant species have been recorded there. This represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral richness.
It is a challenge to look after so many species. In winter, scientists brave heavy snow and freezing temperatures to supply food to the Golden Snub-nosed Monkey. Thanks to their efforts, the monkey’s population has doubled since the 1980s.Their number reached over 1, 300 in 2015 and continues to grow.
But the most impressive aspect of Shennongjia is the local people, who take things from nature without causing damage. I visited a local village which is known for its home-made honey. What is special about the honey is that it is produced by the earliest species of Chinese bee. All of this explains why Shennongjia earned—and deserves—its place on the UNESCO World Heritage List, as well as highlighting how understanding, awareness and hard work have contributed towards protecting a unique and wonderful part of our natural world.
1. Why is Shennongjia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List?| A．Because its forests stretch on and on like great green seas. |
| B．Because it is the legendary father of Chinese herbal medicine. |
| C．Because it satisfies the two requirements for the status. |
| D．Because it has the mysterious creature called “Yeren”. |
| A．Roof of Central China | B．Roof of Northern China |
| C．Roof of Eastern China | D．Roof of Southern China |
| A．Patient. | B．Careful. | C．Confident. | D．Hard-working. |
| A．A local village. | B．The local people. |
| C．Some special monkeys. | D．The wild bees. |
【推荐3】There’s no better way to get to know a country than by taking part in its festivals. Our yearly round-up of Germany’s best festivals will give you a taste of German culture, tradition, and art at its best. Here are some of them.
Carnival
Carnival is also called the “Fifth Season” in Germany. Alongside many colorful costume balls, the highlight of this festival is the Rose Monday Parade with marching bands, dancers, and decorated floats parading down the streets across Germany. Carnival is celebrated throughout the country but centered in Cologne, Düsseldorf, Muenster, and Mainz.
International Film Festival in Berlin
Every February, Berlin rolls out the red carpet to host the Berlin International Film Festival. What to expect? More than 400 films from all over the world, parties, historic theatres and special events open to everyone who loves film. Besides Cannes, Berlinale is the most important film festival in Europe.
Oktoberfest in Munich
Every September and October, over 6 million visitors from around the world come to Munich to celebrate Bavarian cuisine, music, and traditions. There are many colorful parades, open-air concerts, and fun rides to enjoy for the whole family.
Wine Festival and Wurstmarkt in Bad Duerkheim
Although this fair is officially called “ Wurstmarkt”(sausage market), it’s famous for its celebration of excellent local wines. Located in Rhineland, the second largest region in Germany where wine is produced, the Wurstmarkt prides itself on being the world’s biggest wine festival. This event has been celebrated every September for almost 600 years.
1. What’s the text mainly intended to introduce?| A．Rich German culture, tradition and art. |
| B．Some of the best festivals in Germany. |
| C．Exciting ways to get to know Germany. |
| D．Some popular destinations in Germany. |
| A．appeal for visitors | B．diversity of activities |
| C．region of celebrations | D．length of time for celebrations |
| A．Cologne. | B．Berlin. | C．Munich. | D．Rhineland. |
【推荐1】From driving to landing on moon, more and more human tasks are being taken over by artificial intelligence(AI-人工智能). It will make everyday tasks easier and bring benefits to different industries.
And yet, like any other technology, AI will also bring risks and dangers. When people mention that AI could be dangerous, they think of the situation in films where an AI program decides to kill or enslave all humans. While this possibility is unlikely for now, there are many other dangers that AI could bring to mankind.
In February 2018, a group of AI experts got together to discuss the possible misuse of AI. What they found was that “Every AI advance by the good guys is an advance for the bad guys, too”. Their main worry was that criminals could use AI for many bad purposes, including using AI to create websites that could steal people’s personal information. Another possible risk was faster hacking(黑客)—AI programs could be taught to find weaknesses in software and break into computer systems. Some other risks were as dramatic as the ones we see in books and movies. For example, long-distant attacks could be made easier through the use of AI. And, finally, there were some worries on imitating voices as well. It is possible that AI could be used to make false photos and videos. In china, tech giant Baidu has developed a program called Deep Voice that can “clone” anyone’s voice by studying a 3.7-second audio sample (声音样本).
Many people in the tech world have expressed worry about AI. People like US businessmen Bill Gates and Elon Musk have called for the industry to be more strictly controlled, as there are few laws currently governing the use of AI. Famous British Physicist Stephen Hawking even thought AI could finally cause the end of mankind. “Once humans develop artificial intelligence, it will take off and redesign itself at an alarming rate. Humans…couldn’t compete and would be replaced.”
1. What cannot possibly be done by AI right now?| A．Driving cars. | B．Landing on moon. |
| C．Playing games. | D．Ruling all humans. |
| A．Every coin has two sides. | B．Prevention is better than cure. |
| C．Risk nothing, gain nothing. | D．One’s meat is another’s poison. |
| A．One. | B．Two. |
| C．Three. | D．Four. |
| A．To show Hawking’s perfect prediction. |
| B．To strengthen the high position of Hawking. |
| C．To help readers understand the serious situation. |
| D．To introduce the famous scientist--Stephen Hawking. |
| A．Risks and dangers of AI. | B．Guidance of AI usage. |
| C．Advantages and disadvantages of AI. | D．Development of AI industry. |
【推荐2】Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is recommended by teachers and students because it explains words in language students understand, gives useful example sentences and includes the tools learners need to succeed in English. The new 9th edition with Oxford iSPeaker and Iwriter makes it the latest speaking and writing tool.
Author: Margaret Deuter, Jennifer Bradbery Price: $29.95
Papaerback: 1,900 pages
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 324,510 in books
Collins English Dictionary
At the cutting edge of language change, Collins English Dictionary offers you all the latest words and phrases you need at your fingertips. Whether for study, at work, or on the go, you can check spellings, and look up meanings and words you need, every day.
Author: Harper Collins Price: $25.99
Paperback: 1,920 pages
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 380,428 in books
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
It is great for advanced learners of English and contains a large vocabulary, including words from the areas of technology, language and lifestyle, plus important words for academic study. It is perfect as a reference tool and as a study companion. It is also great for exam preparation.
Author: Cambridge University
Paperback: 1,856 pages Price: $39.27
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 388,487 in books
Longman Handy Learner’s Dictionary
Longman is the very best for students learning English to study, live and work in North America. This dictionary provides lots of handy reference materials. This popular, pocket-size dictionary is great for students who need quick and easy reference to American words and phrases.
Author: Pearson Education Price: $23.66
Paperback: 528 pages
Amazon Bestsellers Rank: 465,427 in books
1. You can probably look up some newly-created words in __________________.| A．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary |
| B．Longman Handy Learner’s Dictionary |
| C．Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary |
| D．Collins English Dictionary |
| A．It’s the cheapest of the four dictionaries |
| B．It’s helpful to improve your pronunciation |
| C．It’s great for students to prepare for exams |
| D．It’s good for American English learners. |
| A．The thickness of the dictionaries. | B．The prices of the dictionaries. |
| C．The Amazon ranks of the dictionaries. | D．The functions of the dictionaries. |
【推荐3】The World’s Unusual Libraries
Log Libraries
Alex Johnson writes in his new book—Improbable Libraries,“ The very idea of a library is developing:many of these libraries operate on principles that differ mainly from the traditional libraries. Some, for example, have no membership or identification requirements, and some do not even request that the books be returned.” The oversized bird box in a park in Lowa is part of the Little Free Library Movement, which was established in Wisconsin in 2009.
Phone Booths
This design from the firm, Stereotank, offers browsing shelter for passers-by. In the UK, a phone company’s programme, allowing communities to take over their phone booth for £ 1— means that many have been changed into tiny local libraries. Meanwhile , a solar light has been set in a phone booth so that late night visitors can still read.
Branches of Knowledge
Didier Muller’s libraries operate as hanging libraries: visitors can look through pages, taking any book they choose and exchanging it with their own. The equipment of hanging wooden houses is one of several art projects serving as a booklover’ s place.
Soundproofed Pods
Around the world, architects are designing buildings that bend bricks-and-mortar libraries into new forms. The Seikei University Library in Japan—the vision of Pritzker Prize winner Shigeru Ban—contains space-age soundproofed (隔音的) pods to encourage discussions between students.
1. What does Alex Johnson mean according to the first paragraph?| A．All the books must be returned in time. | B．Books can be shared free of charge. |
| C．Libraries will disappear in the future. | D．Log Libraries are bigger than traditional ones. |
| A．Log Libraries | B．Phone Booths |
| C．Branches or Knowledge | D．Soundproofed Pods |
| A．Communities turn the phone booths into Log Libraries. |
| B．Readers can’t read books in Log Libraries without membership. |
| C．Readers can read books by solar light in Branches or Knowledge. |
| D．Students can have discussions without disturbing others in Soundproofed Pods. |
【推荐1】California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?| A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. |
| B．The increasing variety of California big trees. |
| C．The distribution of big trees in California forests. |
| D．The influence of farming on big trees in California. |
| A．Ecological studies of forests. | B．Banning woodcutting. |
| C．Limiting housing development. | D．Fire control measures. |
| A．Not enough snowmelt. | B．A longer dry season. |
| C．A warmer climate. | D．Dampness of the air. |
【推荐2】Have you ever felt so tired after staying up for a night that even coffee doesn't give you the energy that you need? You may have an energy drink, but the benefits of drinking one are heavily outweighed by the risks.
In the past years, more and more studies have found the deadly effects of energy drinks on our bodies. The sugar, caffeine and energy supplements (补充)in energy drinks make up a deadly mixture of ingredients that can affect your heart function and send you to the hospital!
A study by the University of Bonn, Germany found that frequent consumption of energy drinks can greatly change the way our heart functions. The study went on to say that consuming energy drinks often causes significantly increased heart contractions in adults, which has the potential of putting you at risk for irregular heartbeats.
It is possible that many people are unconscious of the alarming side effects of energy drinks because of the way they are labelled. Most energy drinks contain between 80 milligrams to over 350 milligrams of caffeine, sugar and energy supplements. When an energy drink is marketed as a diet supplement, it may be distributed without a "nutrition facts" label, which would show the harmful supplements that are in the drink. However, even if energy drinks are Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, they don’t have to show the number of supplements.
Energy drinks may be widely available but they aren't the healthiest or safest choice for your body. To stay naturally energized, get organized and stay on top of your work so that you aren't having to stay up all night to complete assigned tasks. If you'd like a natural energy boost, you could make time for a short workout, which will give you all of the energy you need!
1. Which of the following is the side effect of the energy drinks?| A．Making people thinner. |
| B．Making people's heart bigger. |
| C．Making people run a risk of falling ill. |
| D．Making people suffer from heart attack. |
| A．Because they don't read the label carefully. |
| B．Because FDA thinks they are healthy drinks. |
| C．Because the harmful materials are not labelled. |
| D．Because factories of energy drinks lie to drinkers. |
| A．The benefits of doing exercise. |
| B．The better choice of right drinks. |
| C．The way to have enough energy. |
| D．The effects of energy drinks. |
| A．Don't Drink Energy Drinks |
| B．Many People Enjoy Energy Drinks |
| C．The Materials Energy Drinks Contain |
| D．Energy Drinks Could Send You to Hospital |
【推荐3】The name England comes from the words “Angle land”. The Angles were people who came from northern Germany in the 5th and 6th centuries, after the Romans had left. The French name for England is Angleterre, which also means “Angle land”. There were also invasions (侵略) of southern England by Saxons and Jutes (people from another part of northern Germany). English people are sometimes called Anglo－Saxons. The Celts who used to live in this area were forced to move back into Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and into Western France (the area known as Brittany).
England at first became a series of kingdoms, the strongest of which was Wessex (the name comes from West－Saxon). The names of many of the areas in England come from this period—for example, the name Sussex comes from South－Saxon, Essex from East－Saxon, and East Anglia from East－Angle. The Vikings then came from Denmark, and later the Normans invaded from France. Eventually England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland were united, forming the United Kingdom.
The English language is the main language spoken throughout England, although there are many different accents. It can be difficult to know how to spell or to pronounce some English words, because the language has been influenced by Latin and Greek (languages used at the time of the Romans, and used in religion and education until recent times), German (the language of the Angles, Saxons and Jutes), French(the language of the Normans), Gaelic/Scots (Celtic languages) and Danish (the language of the Vikings).
There are now many people throughout the United Kingdom who speak a foreign language either as their first or second language, mainly due to immigration (移民) from Europe or the Commonwealth (countries which used to be part of the British Empire).
1. What's the first paragraph mainly about?| A．The origin of the name England. |
| B．The Celts used to live in England but left for some reason. |
| C．Southern England once was attacked by Saxons and Jutes. |
| D．Angles and Saxons came from different parts of northern Germany. |
| A．Sussex | B．Wessex |
| C．Essex | D．East Anglia |
| A．English words are hard to spell and to pronounce. |
| B．England had been invaded by most of the countries of Europe. |
| C．The English language was influenced by several foreign languages. |
| D．It's hard for people who have different English accents to communicate. |
| A．Because they are required to learn a foreign language at school. |
| B．Because they plan to live outside the UK in the future. |
| C．Because they have moved from other countries. |
| D．Because they have worked in other countries. |
