【推荐2】Migraine is a disease that has a number of symptoms (症状), including head pain that can stick around from four hours to several days. While migraines can happen partly because of genetic (基因的) problems, attacks may happen by chance, set off by a cause in the environment.

One common cause is food, and some common dietary causes include alcohol, salt, sugar, chocolate, and caffeine. But there are many others, and scientists continue to identify more. Last year, for example, a Brazilian study found that watermelons brought on a headache within minutes in about 30 percent of the participants.

Some new researches are looking at which foods and what kinds of diets can prevent or lessen migraines. A new study published last year by a team of researchers found that a diet higher in fish oils rather than vegetable oils helped people ease their headaches. In the study, those on a diet lower in vegetable oil and higher in fatty fish had a 30 to 40 percent reduction in total headache hours per day, serious headache hours per day, and overall headache days per month compared to the control group.

Tanya Kamka had suffered weekly migraines for most of her life. Then, in her 50s, she joined the NIH diet experiment and increased her intake of fish. After only a few months, “I haven’t had a migraine, not even a mild one, in over two years.” she says.

For others, the solution comes from plants, not fish. A 60-year-old man joined a study on the food-migraine link and turned to a diet, which includes a lot of dark, leafy greens. After two months he was experiencing only one migraine a month instead of the 18 to 24 a month he’d suffered before.

Clearly, people with migraines react to food in very different ways. What works for one person may not work for another.

【推荐1】How do top athletes handle defeat and disappointment? Can an athlete turn to his or her teammates for support or encouragement? The following top performers' responses will be helpful to you.

Think positively

Siri Lindley is a top triathlete（三项全能运动员）, competing in events that combine long-distance running, swimming and cycling. "I try to use what I learn from each loss to make me stronger and more determined," she says. "Then I pick my head up and start thinking positive, and I visualize myself succeeding the next time. Let the losses make you stronger.”

Stick with it

Allen Johnson won a gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles at the 1996 Olympics, but he knows that he can't win every race. "When I don't win, I have to accept the fact that I made a mistake or that someone was better on that day," he says. "You can't be the best every day, but you can be the best on some day."

Pick yourself up

Figure skater Michael Weiss is one of the best in his sport, but there have been a lot of failures along the way. "I look at failing as a part of growing," he says. "When you lose and you are feeling down, without teammates to lift you up, you have to be strong enough to pick yourself up."

Learn from mistakes

Gymnast Shannon Miller has won several Olympic medals, including two golds. "If I make a mistake in the middle of a competition, I try to forget about it because I have to go on," she says. "If I do poorly over the course of an entire meet, I go back to the gym and figure out what went wrong. It's so important to learn from your mistakes."

【推荐2】The Chaucer Heritage Trust was founded in 1992 and aims to further interest, understanding and appreciation of the works of Geoffrey Chaucer, his life and times and influence. This year the Trust is holding The Canterbury Tales Writing Competition around the country. Students are invited to submit pieces of original writing inspired by Geoffrey Chaucer's most famous work: The Canterbury Tales.

Who Can Take Part?

The competition is open to all schools and college communities including pupils who are home educated and any other young people’s community organizations.

The three age groups are:

Junior-up to 11 years old

Intermediate-12-15 years old

Senior--16-19 years old

Competitors must include their date of birth on the entry form.

Competition Guidelines

Choose ONE of the following:

Write a poem about a journey.

Write a short story which explores an important issue through animal characters.

Write an entry for an imaginary pilgrim(朝圣), based upon a modern-day occupation. For example, “The Nurse”, “The Banker” or “The Politician”.

Word Count

The maximum word count is 500 words.

Deadlines

All entries must be submitted by 31 January 2019.

Other rules

All entries must be the original work of the student(however, rewritings of existing stories are acceptable if original in presentation and content).

The decision of the judges will be final.

How to Enter

You can submit your entry at www.chaucer:org.uk/submityourentry

Further Information

For further information please contact Dr Charles Farris at farris@chaucer org.uk

【推荐3】Steel Vengeance, a world-record-breaking hybrid roller coaster, recently made its first public appearance at Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky, Ohio.

The ride is constructed from both wood and steel (钢). A steel running track on a huge wooden base allows the ride to provide the types of twists (扭转) and turns that are not possible on wooden roller coasters.

Steel Vengeance breaks ten world records, including tallest, fastest, and longest hybrid roller coaster. “It is just a roller coaster that you want to ride again and again,” said Tony Clark, director of communications at Cedar Point. The 90-degree, 200-foot drop on the first hill takes your breath away.

At a recent event at Cedar Point, I experienced the excitement of the new ride first-hand. Thanks to my strong heart, I had a really cool time!

THE MAKING OF VENGEANCE

“The biggest part of making a roller coaster is planning it,” Clark said.

Jason McClure, general manager of Cedar Point, added: “We have to get a main idea of the basics of the coaster and then plan a budget.”

WOOD, STEEL, AND HARD WORK

Rocky Mountain Construction designed and built Steel Vengeance. About 1.2 million pounds of steel and 1.4 million boards of wood were used to build the ride.

Fred Grubb, co-founder of Rocky Mountain, noted that “people who design roller coasters for my company have to have first-hand experience building things with their hands, not just hold an engineering degree. When you have built things for yourself, you get it, and understand what will work.”

Clark was pleased with the results. “We at Cedar Point are so happy with how Steel Vengeance turned out,” he said.

McClure added: “What we put into this roller coaster was wood, steel, and a lot of hard work.”

【推荐1】Though it is not good for us to expose ourselves to sunlight for too long, allowing ourselves appropriate amount of exposure to sunlight gives us many benefits and affects us in a number of ways.

Without the sun, life would not have developed. It gives us energy and heats our world. The sun gives us light and thus in turn we are able to see the beautiful colors in our world. It makes us feel good when we feel the warmth of its rays on our shoulders. We store the energy from the sun to help build and heat our houses.

Without sunlight we would not be able to survive. Sunlight gives balance. All living things live in a food chain and at the beginning of the food chain comes the plant which absorbs sunlight and transforms light energy into chemical energy, which will then be absorbed by another life to be turned into a new kind of energy and so on.

One of the benefits that we can get from sunlight is that we can receive vitamin D from sunlight. It helps us to keep a healthy body, control the amount of minerals in the body, which is needed to help keep our bones and teeth in good condition and helps to keep a well-balanced mind.

Different places on the earth receive varying degrees of sunlight, which will decide the region’s climate. For example, the farther away it is from the equator (赤道), the sharper the angle (角度) of the sun’s rays that reach it, which means that sunlight coverage will be more spread out, and receive less heat than lower latitude areas nearer the equator.

【推荐2】Scientists have long known that a crow （乌鸦）native to New Caledonia is able to use tools. The birds use them to remove food from deep holes. Now, American researchers have discovered a second species of crow with the same ability. They reported on their experiments with Alala crows, which are from the Hawaiian Islands.

In the experiment, the researchers placed pieces of food in holes inside the wood. The holes were too deep for the crows to reach with their beaks(鸟喙). But, by using small pieces of wood held in their beaks, Alala crows quickly got the food. They used small objects as tools, sometimes changing them by shortening too-long sticks. They also made tools from plant materials.

“The crows use their beaks as people use thumbs on their hands. Tool use is rare in the animal kingdom. ” said Chritian Rutz of University of St. Andrews. “Current evidence strongly suggests that tool use is part of the species’ natural behavioral pattern(行为模式). These birds had no special training in the study, yet most of them were skilled at handling stick tools. ”

Bird experts claim finding out that the crows use tools is important discovery. “It makes us rethink how to look at the whole tool-use idea now and encourages us to go out and look for things that we may have ignored before. ”

All the Alala crows left in the world live in Hawaii. There were less than 20 Alalas left in the late 1990s when scientists decided to bring them into a protected area. Now, it is reported that there are over 100 birds living there. Scientists plan to release a small number of the birds back into the wild later.

【推荐3】Eco­friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything—tree­lined streets, perfect houses—but it's missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents don't mind one bit. Vauban doesn't ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating "parking­free" and "car­free" living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no­no private property. Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. And now, with a population of 5,500, it's attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco­friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over­ reliance on the cars?

Sometimes when I watch a news report what's in the back of my mind is what isn't being reported or stressed. While this eco­friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old­fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.

Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco­friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this city. It's one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.

I myself haven't owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I'm glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy. To get even close to being like eco­friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting (乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban­like areas in the USA.

We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution, and giving themselves some more exercise.