My friends and I joined a two-day survival training course in the mountains. The first day was really _________—there was so much to do! Arriving at the campsite, we were divided into groups and given a tent, some food, a _________ and a compass. Standing next to a small river, Fanny _________ camping in the grassy area nearby. However, our instructor, Mr. Lee, pointed out that it might flood if it rained. In the end, we found a higher area.   Putting up the tent was very hard. Luckily, Mr. Lee helped us a lot.

By the time we had put up the tent, everyone was really hungry. “We wouldn’t have got this hungry if we had brought some snacks,” Peter said. We all told him to _________ complaining and help us start a fire to cook our food _________. Realizing we were having trouble making the fire, he finally _________.

The next day started early. Woken by a strange noise, Peter went to see what was happening. “Some cows have eaten our breakfast!” he shouted. “That’s all because you didn’t _________ the food properly last night,” said Mr. Lee.

Worried that Mr. Lee was angry with us, we tried very hard on our next task—using the map and compass to find a secret location. We made it to the location _________ the other groups did. We all felt very proud of _________.

The survival training course was a great __________. Now I feel I could survive anywhere!

The pencil is a very simple object. However, it took hundreds of people over centuries to what make it what it’s like today.

The story of the pencil starts with graphite（石墨）. People cut it into small sticks and use them to write or draw. Around 1560, an Italian couple named Simonio and Lyndiana Bemacotti added wood holders to the graphite sticks. However, since the graphite is too soft, the pencils were easy to break. In 1795, in France, Nicolas-Jacques Conte worked out a method of mixing graphite powders with clay（黏土）. In this way, people made strong pencil core（铅笔芯）. To this day, the method is still used in making pencils.

It was Henry David Thoreau who came up with the grading scale（分级量表）for different hardnesses of pencils. It was graded one through four, and grade two is the proper hardness for general use. The softer the pencil is, the more graphite it has in it, and the darker the line is. The harder the pencil is, the more clay it has, and the lighter the line is. Nowadays, pencils marked 2B are usually used in exams to mark answers. Pencils marked HB are usually daily writing. People usually use pencils of different hardness and blackness to draw different parts of a picture.

When pencils were handmade, they were made round. Then an American Joseph Dixon developed machines to make pencils. Later people found out it was easier and less wasteful to make a pencil which has six sides.

There is a pencil for everyone and every pencil has a story. The Blackwing 602 is famous for being used by a lot of writers. And then, you have the Dixon pencil company. It’s what people think of when they think of a pencil and what they most probably will buy when their children are about to write.

In my opinion, there’s nothing that can be done to make the pencil better than it is.

According to a 2018 study from San Francisco State University, nearly 2. 4 billion people around the world used a smart-phone in 2017. By the end of 2019, more than a third of the global population will be using a smart-phone.

However, smart-phone technology can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it sends us unlimited amounts of information. On the other hand, using a smart-phone may become an addiction.

Erik Peper and Richard Harvey are both health education professors at San Francisco State university. They led the study. Peper explains that smart-phone addiction forms connections in the brain that are similar to drug addiction.

And these connections form slowly over time. Also, addiction to social media may affect our emotional state. The two professors asked 135 university students about their habit of smart-phone use and their feelings. They found that students who used their phones the most reported higher levels of feeling lonely, depressed and anxious.

Peper and Harvey do not blame users for their technology addiction. They believe it is the tech industry's desire to make more money that is to blame for the technology addiction. The researchers warn that workers in the technology industry know how to control our brains and turn us into addicts.

But the researchers say that we can limit our brains to be less addicted to our phones and computers. Enk Peper suggests timing off our phones before we sleep or do something important. The researchers also suggest taking control of when and where you answer texts or emails. You do not need to answer them all. And you certainly don't need to answer them as soon as you get them. They also suggest putting limits on the time you spend on social media. If you want to catch up with friends on Facebook, set aside a small amount of time to it. You should focus on important tasks and do not allow technology to disturb you.

France is well known for its fine art, tasty food and romantic scenery. About 75 million visitors come here every year.

France is the largest country in Western Europe. It has a population of over 66 million. The country is home to many famous places of interest, like the River Seine as well as the Eiffel Tower.

Many visitors also come for the country’s art. Sculptor Auguste Rodin and painter Claude Monet once created their great works here. If you visit France today, it is not a surprise to meet street artists in the city or come across a singer in the subway.

No visit to Paris is complete without a trip to Louvre, one of the largest and most famous museums in the world. Inside, there are 35,000 works of art, such as the painting Mona Lisa by Da Vinci and the statue David by Michelangelo. It would take nine months to enjoy all the pieces. Besides, French food is world-famous. Bread is very important in France. The best known French bread is called a baguette. They are long, delicious and taste salty. Snails are also a must-have here. French people eat 40,000 tons of snails every year!

But France is not always good. Paris, the city of light, may also show its dark side to visitors. Chinese visitors feel sorry about the crowded subway in Paris.

Many people would like to watch sport matches. First, you need to know about audience manners.

Most sporting arenas have rules for audience written on the back of the tickets. Read your ticket carefully before you arrive. Try to reach your seat half an hour before the start of the event and don’t leave when a game is in progress. When you leave, remember to take away your soft drink bottles and other rubbish.

During exciting games, try to control yourself.   Don’t criticize the performance of players and coaches. Be careful with your words. Since some may cause anger among other people in the Audience.

Clapping is a special form of body language you can use to communicate with players, but you should do it properly.   When player find appear, clap your hands together to welcome them, but don’t go on for too long. After an excellent performance, clap warmly. If someone fails, your clapping will help encourage them.

Clapping is not welcome, however, while player need to keep their attention. Various sports have various rules for the audience.

Enjoying artistic gymnastics requires silence. But lots of cheering can really help basketball and football player. When you watch snooker and table tennis matches, flash photography is not allowed. Mobile phones are not allowed in shooting centers.

To be a good audience, you should take time to learn the game-particular mules and related endure of each event.

41. 假定你是李华，有一位美国交换生要来你校学习，他想了解中国春节和美国圣诞节的异同。请你根据他的要求写一篇80词左右的作文。内容包含风俗、庆祝活动等相关内容。

The Spring Festival and Christmas

The Spring Festival is the most traditional festival in China. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________