Almost everyone has dropped some food on the floor and still wanted to eat it. If someone saw you drop it, he or she might have shouted, “5-second rule!” This so-called rule says food is OK to eat if you pick it up in five seconds or less. But is that true?
Professor Anthony Hilton from Ashton University, UK, tested the rule with his students. They wanted to prove that food dropped for five seconds is less likely to contain bacteria(细菌) than if it sits there for longer.
For the study, Hilton and his students tested a lot of foods, such as bread, pasta, cookies and candy, to see how much bacteria they had when they made contact with the floor. They allowed the food to lie on the different types of flooring, like carpet(地毯), laminate (复合地板) and tile (瓷砖), for three seconds to 30 seconds.
Not surprisingly, the longer the food was on the floor, the more bacteria it had. And the type of floor where the dropped food landed had an effect. Bacteria are least likely to transfer (转移) from carpet, while they are most likely to transfer laminate or tiled surface after more than five seconds.
The study also found that the wetter the food, the more likely it was to pick up bacteria. Although most people are happy to follow the 5-second rule, eating food dropped on the floor still carries an infection (感染) risk. “It also depends on which bacteria are on the floor at the time.” Hilton told Forbes.
1. What is the “5-second rule” mean?| A．People often shout at someone when they drop food on the floor. |
| B．Food will go bad when dropped food on the floor in five seconds or less. |
| C．Food is safe when you pick it up from the floor in less than five seconds. |
| D．Eating food dropped on the floor for less than five seconds still carries an infection risk. |
| A．where bacteria come from | B．the students’ favorite food |
| C．if the “5-second rule” is true | D．if different types of floor have different bacteria |
| A．the wetter food was likely to pick up bacteria. |
| B．bacteria didn’t transfer from laminate or tiled surfaces. |
| C．the dropped food on the carpet had the least bacteria |
| D．the dropped food had more bacteria if it sat on the floor for longer. |
| A．How long does the food sit on the floor? | B．How to deal with the dropped food? |
| C．What the bacteria are? | D．5-second rule: what’s the truth? |
相似题推荐
根据材料内容选择最佳答案, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. If you want to stay away from colds, you’d better eat more ________.
| A．carrots and corn | B．beef and eggs | C．bread and milk | D．apples and oranges |
| A．Milk. | B．Cheese. | C．fish. | D．Broccoli. |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．There is a lot of protein in fruit. | B．Vegetables are good for our eyes. |
| C．Many people only eat healthy food. | D．To have strong teeth, eat more meat. |
| A．A cook book. | B．A health magazine. | C．A movie poster. | D．An English menu. |
【推荐2】A healthy eating habit along with enough exercise can help you keep healthy. When you are young, it is important to give your body what it needs. If you skip meals，you can’t get enough calories (卡路里).And then you may feel tired. By the way, the calorie is just another word for energy. About 50% of your calories should come from rice，bread, vegetables and fruit. You also need to drink a lot of water, 6 to 8 glasses a day. Drinking enough water can make your body work better and make you healthy.
Exercise can help to make you look good, feel good and i>e healthy. Scientists say that kids should spend at least 30 minutes exercising a day, five times a week. It is easy to do! You can walk or ride your bike to school, and play sports at school. However, kids often give up sports, saying they have no time left after finishing their homework. In fact, doing exercise can help them sleep better and do better in their lessons.
If you follow the advice above, you will look and feel much better and become healthy.
1. The underlined word “ skip” means “_____________” in Chinese.
| A．询问 | B．略过 | C．阻止 | D．转移 |
| A．30 | B．50 | C．100 | D．150 |
| A．Because they are too lazy to exercise. |
| B．Because they feel great after giving up sports. |
| C．Because they are busy with their studies. |
| D．Because they don’t like playing sports at all. |
| A．About 80% of your calories should come from rice, bread, vegetables and fruit. |
| B．You need to drink three or four glasses of water every day to keep healthy. |
| C．Students should exercise at least twice a week to keep healthy and happy. |
| D．Doing exercise can help kids sleep better and do better in their lessons. |
| A．How to sleep well |
| B．How to exercise |
| C．How to look thinner |
| D．How to keep healthy |
【推荐3】Michelle, a famous lady, has found that more than 25% students are too fat in her country. It is a very serious problem. So she starts a health program to deal with it. The health program is to reduce (减少) the amount (数量) of fat students today and in the future.
The program will get families, schools, newspapers, magazines and TVs to join together and deal with the students’ obesity so that students will be at a healthier weight. The program includes: Food stores should sell healthier foods. Schools should serve healthier meals with less fat and should also offer gym classes.
The lady is trying to fight the students’ obesity all over the country because it can cause illnesses and higher health cost. She wants the students to eat right, exercise more and control (控制) their weight. She also wants the students to understand it is important to have less sweet food, and drink water, milk and fresh juice, but not to choose cokes. At the same time she has also set a good example by planting a vegetable garden. She hopes that the garden will encourage more people to plant one too.
The health program is really helpful to the students today and in the future. As she says, we cannot always build the future for youth, but we can build our youth for the future.
1. In Michelle’s country over ________ of the students are too fat.| A．75% | B．a quarter | C．a half | D．15% |
| A．厌食症 | B．抑郁症 | C．肥胖症 | D．强迫症 |
| A．To offer gym classes. | B．To plant a vegetable garden. |
| C．To serve meals with less fat. | D．To sell healthier foods. |
| A．Students’ future is not important. | B．Students will control their weight in the future. |
| C．All the students will have a better future. | D．Students should have healthier meals for the future. |
| A．The lady introduces healthy drinks. | B．The lady cares about food cost. |
| C．The lady fights obesity in students. | D．The lady sets a good example by planting a garden. |
【推荐1】Suppose you are earning 30,000 yuan every month. Do you think you are rich? Does your income make you feel happy?
Well, these days, not even the rich feel rich. According to a survey, only 13 percent of American millionaires considered themselves wealthy. Some of them had more than $5 million, but they still didn’t feel rich. If multimillionaires don’t feel wealthy, then who does?
I decided to visit Elizabeth Dunn. She is a psychology (心理学) professor at the University of British Columbia. I asked her, “Once people have enough money to cover their basic needs, what would make them feel satisfied with what they have?” Dunn said she didn’t know of any studies that tried to directly answer this question. But she did point to some research that seemed to provide some possible answers to it.
First comes social comparison. Dunn says that it plays a very important role. If a person is richer than the people he compares himself with, then he is going to feel rich. In a 2005 study in Germany, people were happier the larger their incomes were in comparison with those who were similar to them in terms of age and education. Another study found that people were less happy the more their neighbors earned. Things were worse when their neighbors won the lottery (彩票).
Dunn also noted a couple of other factors (因素) that might lead people to feel richer. She brought up a 2016 study. It found people’s bank balance (账户余额) could affect their life satisfaction. Some people feel pretty good about their level of income, but it’s not because they are earning a lot. Instead, it may be because they always have at least 5,000 dollars in the bank. That number is able to shape their sense of financial security (安全).
It also matters a lot what people do with their money. Spending money in certain ways can make people feel better. Generally speaking, it helps to spend more on unforgettable experiences. Paying others to do the things that one hates the most, such as cooking, also brings feelings of happiness.
“It’s not just how much you have, but how you spend it,” Dunn told me. “If you make excellent spending decisions, then you can really turn a middle income into a fair bit of happiness.”
1. According to the survey in the second paragraph, ________ felt rich.| A．all millionaires in the U.S. | B．few millionaires in the U.S. |
| C．most millionaires in the U.S. | D．not a single millionaire in the U.S. |
| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．five |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．To show us how social comparisons influence our feelings of satisfaction. |
| B．To tell us how one’s bank balance influences his or her sense of life satisfaction. |
| C．To encourage us to think about the relationship between money and happiness. |
| D．To mention the millionaires’ feelings of satisfaction to readers. |
【推荐2】Malaysian researchers make drones (无人机) from pineapple leaves
Pineapples are harvested once a year in Malaysia. The leaves are thrown away because there is little use for them, until now. Professor Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan is the director of the project. He teaches at Malaysia’s Putra University. He has been trying to find uses for pineapple waste created by farmers in an area around 65 km from the capital Kuala Lumpur. “We are changing the leaf of the pineapple into a fiber (纤维) that can be used for a drone,” he said.
Mohamed Thariq explained that natural materials can be better than man-made ones. They are less costly, lighter and stronger when they are compared by weight. Experimental drones made of the new material have been able to fly up to about 1,000 metres and stay in the air for about 20 minutes, he added. “If the drone is damaged, the frame (框架) can be buried in the ground and will fully break down (分解) within two weeks,” he said. The research team hopes to create a larger drone that leads to more profits. It would include sensors (传感器) for agricultural purposes and to take pictures.
The Malaysian Unmanned Drones Activist Society is a non-governmental group helping to design the drone and advising on the project. William Robert Alvisse is a member of the group. He said, “Our role here is to help the industry and the farmers, to increase their production and make their jobs much easier.”
1. Pineapple leaves were dealt with as ______ in the past.| A．cow’s food | B．useless waste | C．the drone material | D．the paper-making material |
| A．They are more expensive. | B．They are light in weight. |
| C．They are easy to damage. | D．They are difficult to produce. |
| A．It flies even higher. | B．It flies even farther. |
| C．Its service life is reduced. | D．It does no harm to the environment. |
| A．The new drones will be used in different fields. |
| B．Traditional agriculture can increase farmers’ income. |
| C．Farmers will benefit from the success of this project. |
| D．The use of new materials will improve product quality. |
| A．Sports and lifestyles. | B．Science and technology. |
| C．Art and culture. | D．Health and diets. |
【推荐3】One of the greatest inventions in the history is the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee.
Berners-Lee was born on June 8th, 1955 in London. Both his parents were good at math and were members of a team. The team invented one of the earliest computers, the Manchester Mark I. With the help of his parents, he did very well in math.
At Oxford University, he invented a computer with an old television. After graduating in physics in 1976, he went to work for a company called Plessey Controls Limited in Poole. This company produced traffic lights. Then, in 1978, he created some software and a computer operating system when he was working for another company in Poole. That company was called D.G. Nash Limited. He came up with the idea of "hypertext (超文本)" in order to help scientists share research information. In 1989, Berners-Lee learned how to join hypertext with the Internet.
And one year later he built the first web browser and editor (浏览编辑器) called the World Wide Web. From then on, Berners-Lee allowed others to use his idea freely.
In 1999, he was called one of the 100 most influential (有影响的) people of the twentieth century by Time Magazine. He received many prizes including $1.2 million on April 15th, 2004.
Today he lives in Lexington Massachusetts with his wife and two children.
1. Which of the following is NOT true about Berners-Lee?| A．His parents were good at math. | B．He helped to build the Manchester Mark I. |
| C．He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts. | D．He was given $1.2 million in 2004. |
①Creating a computer operating system.
②Working at Plessey Controls Limited in Poole.
③Learning how to join hypertext with the Internet.
④Building a computer with an old television.
⑤Building the first web browser and editor.
| A．②③①④⑤ | B．③②①④⑤ | C．④②①③⑤ | D．④②③①⑤ |
| A．In 1990. | B．In 1989. | C．In 1978. | D．In 1999. |
| A．Berners-Lee's Job | B．Prizes Given to Berners-Lee |
| C．Berners-Lee and His Great Parents | D．Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web |
