Everyone has a family name. In English countries (国家), the family name is the last name. Do you know how English people get their family names? And what do they mean? English people usually get their family names in these ways(方式).
Some family names come from the places(地方) of their homes. A man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be Hill. In England, people’s names may be Wood, Lake, because they live near the wood or the lake.
Some family names come from a person’s job. If a person is a cook(厨师), his family name may be Cook.
And many people get their family names from their fathers’ family names. If you hear the name “Jackson”, you can know that he is the son of Jack.
Do you know more interesting stories about English names?
1. In the passage, English people usually have ________ ways to get their family names.| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．five |
| A．place | B．hobby | C．job | D．country |
| A．Jack’s father | B．Jack’s best friend |
| C．the grandfather of Jack | D．the son of Jack |
| A．English people put their family names first. |
| B．Many people get their family names from their mother’s family names. |
| C．A man live on or near a hill, his family name must be Lake. |
| D．If you hear a name “Bill Bush”, his family may live near the bush. |
| A．hills and lakes | B．English people |
| C．family names | D．jobs and homes |
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【推荐1】Tons of people enjoy listening to different types of music while they paint, write, or draw. Many believe that music helps get the creative juices flowing, but an international new study is challenging that view by putting volunteers through a series of tests.
The study was performed as a joint partnership between psychologists at three universities in Europe. The results suggest that any task that relies on verbal (与文字有关的) creativity was weakened when listening to any type of music.
Subjects (受试者) in the project all spoke English as their first language, and had no problem in their sight or hearing.
The tasks were simple word games. For example, subjects were given three words, such as dress, shine, and flower. Then, they were asked to find a single word which could be connected with all three to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be “sun” (sundress, sunflower, etc).
Subjects completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or while they were playing background music with foreign lyrics (歌词), English lyrics, and instrumental music with no lyrics at all.
The research team also tested the library background noises, but found that such noises had no great difference in subjects’ creativity. The study’s authors believe that was the case because library noise is a “steady state” environment which is not as disruptive (扰乱的). Music with or without lyrics is characterized by changes in pitch or tone.
It’s worth mentioning that even familiar music with well-known lyrics weakened subjects’ creativity, even when subjects said that they worked or studied with music on regularly and the music improved their overall mood.
So next time you sit down for a study session with those lo-fi beats, you may be giving your brain something else to focus on rather than your work.
1. What does “that view” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．Listening to music impairs creativity. |
| B．Music helps improve our creativity. |
| C．Listening to music while working is so common. |
| D．People enjoy listening to different types of music. |
| A．case | B．ball | C．line | D．print |
| A．Library noises are characterized by changes in pitch or tone. |
| B．Different kinds of music impair different parts of our brains. |
| C．You may do your work better without listening to music. |
| D．Music cannot disrupt the verbal working memory of the disabled. |
【推荐2】Time flies when you play on your smartphone. But when you get down to the real business of work and study, one hour feels like a year. Why are we so attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying?
It all boils down to something small and hard to see: dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is a “pleasure chemical” that makes people feel good. Our brains give it out when we eat yummy food, after we exercise or when we get a prize.
Compared with studying, playing on smartphones causes our brains to give out more dopamine. For example, checking your phone for a text leads to a 400 percent increase in dopamine. But why?
When we visit social media, we don’t know what we’ll see next, or who will give opinions about things we post. This “magic of maybe”, makes the dopamine system active. We get excited wondering if we have messages from our friends. When our expectations are met, dopamine is given out.
And to find more dopamine, we continue checking our phones. Studying doesn’t provide such magic. Without this excitement, we get bored much more easily.
Can we do something to change that? According to scientists, apps can become less attractive if we turn off notifications or change the screen colors to black and white. We can also set time limits on apps to avoid overusing them.
“As for studying, you could check your progress daily or weekly and reward yourself for it”, said Daniel Wong, writer of The Happy Student, “You could also search for interesting topics connected with your textbook. Use what you’ve learned to make an influence in the real world. This will make knowledge much more interesting to learn”.
1. According to the article, what are students like when they study?| A．They get very attracted. | B．They are getting happier. |
| C．They feel time pass more slowly. | D．Their brains give out more dopamine. |
| A．results from | B．turns out | C．leads to | D．works out |
| A．When they know what will happen next. | B．When they stay in a familiar environment. |
| C．When they get used to something. | D．When their expectations are met. |
| A．We are attracted by smartphones but easily bored by studying. |
| B．Our brains give dopamine out before we exercise or get a prize. |
| C．The “magic of maybe” excites us when we receive messages. |
| D．Apps can become less attractive if we change the sound of notifications. |
| A．Setting time limits on everything you do. |
| B．Using what you learn from textbooks to do things in real life |
| C．Stopping playing and finding more interests in real life. |
| D．Reading the interesting part in your textbooks before reading the others. |
【推荐3】Here’s an experiment.
| Frozen rocks Here is a simple force that is powerful enough to tear down(破坏) huge mountains: You’ll need ●A refrigerator ●A plastic bag ●Several small pieces of sandstone. This kind of stone is gritty(含沙砾的) like sandpaper.  If you need to find these stones, ask a rock collector or a science teacher for help. |   1. Soak (浸泡) the small rocks in water overnight.   2. Seal (密封) them into the bag and put the bag in the refrigerator. 3. The next day, take the bag out for an hour. See if the rocks have changed. 4. Repeat Steps 2 and 3 daily for 10 days. |
  What will happen? 1. Water can go into cracks (缝隙) and holes in the rocks. 2. That water expands when it freezes and pieces of the rocks chip off. 3. Tiny pieces of the rocks will start to break off. If it goes millions of winters and summers, it can tear down a mountain into sand. | |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
① Water freezes. ② Water expands.
③ Rocks are turned into sand. ④ Rocks are chipped into pieces.
⑤ Water goes into cracks in a rock.
| A．②⑤①③④ | B．②①⑤④③ | C．⑤④①②③ | D．⑤①②④③ |
| A．how sand forms | B．the force of nature is very huge |
| C．a simple force can tear down huge mountains | D．sometimes an experiment takes a long time |
【推荐1】Different countries have different customs in giving presents.
In China you must never give a clock to a Chinese person, because the sound of the word for “clock” is similar to the sound of “death”. Also, don’t wrap(用……包裹) a present in white, black or blue paper, because they are the colors for funerals(葬礼). Don’t give a knife, because something sharp can cut a friendship.
In Russia if you give flowers as presents, you have to give an odd number of them(one, three, five, etc.) because even numbers of flowers are for funerals.
In Germany if you are invited to dinner, flowers are good presents to take to your dinner hostess (女主人), but don’t take her red roses because it means you are in love with her. Don’t take thirteen of anything because it’s an unlucky number. Don’t take an even number of anything, either. Don’t wrap your presents in white, brown, or black paper.
1. According to the passage ________ must never be given to Chinese people as presents.| A．flowers | B．clothes | C．food | D．clocks |
| A．Germany | B．China | C．both China and Germany | D．both China and Russia |
| A．偶数的 | B．奇数的 | C．甚至 | D．平坦 |
| A．Thirteen of something. | B．Flowers except red roses. |
| C．An even number of something. | D．Something wrapped in brown paper. |
Every time a new year is coming, people set out to better themselves. They promise they will lose weight, find a new job, or maybe even take that vacation they’ve always talked about. But why do we make these promises to ourselves, and where did this tradition come from? And why does this tradition live on when so many people fail to keep the resolutions (决心) they make? Well, it can start from the ancient Babylonians (巴比伦人).
Around 4,000 years ago in Babylon, the earliest recorded celebration honoring the coming of a new year was held. Calendars weren’t as they are today, so the Babylonians celebrated in late March during the first new moon after the Spring Equinox (春分). The ceremony were known as the Akitu Festival, which lasted 11 days. The festival was in memory of the rebirth of the sun god Marduk, but the Babylonians made promises in order to get on the right side of all of their gods. They felt this would help them start the new year off on the right foot.
To this day, the traditions of the ancient Babylonians continue on around the world. Google launched a Resolution Map in 2012 where people could add resolutions and see others adding theirs in real time. However, no matter how many people take in Google’s project, those who can keep their resolutions at last are rare. Only 9.2 percent of people are successful in sticking them out.
1. When do people always make their new year promise?| A．On the new year day. | B．In late March. |
| C．Before the coming new year. | D．After the Spring Equinox. |
| A．what are the resolutions |
| B．how important the festival was |
| C．why we make new year resolutions |
| D．when the Babylonian Akitu festival was |
| A．It continued for half a month. |
| B．It was celebrated on new year day. |
| C．It was the ceremony for the sun god. |
| D．It was the most interesting festival in ancient Babylon |
| A．无效的 | B．稀少的 | C．诚信的 | D．宝贵的 |
| A．Most people like to make resolutions for new year. |
| B．Googles project is successful in realizing the dream. |
| C．Google’s Resolution Map has the best influence in 2012. |
| D．Only a few people can achieve their new year resolutions. |
【推荐3】There are some popular family videos that are being posted on Chinese social media these days.
The format (形式) of these videos is being described as the “four-generation challenge”. It started on Chinese short-video platform and has been popular since it spread to social media in other countries.
In most East Asian cultures, it is common for many generations of a single family to live together under one roof.
In Western culture, privacy and independence are highly valued.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺、内容完整，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
| A．Kids usually move out of the house after they turn 18. |
| B．This is called an extended family. |
| C．In these videos, a young child calls out to their mother or father. |
| D．Although family structures in the East and West may differ, the love between family members is common. |
| E．People from all over the world have commented on them. |
【推荐1】Vending machines(自动售货机) are very popular now. You can find them here and there. People can buy different things from them, even newspapers and train tickets. In some places, you can get a beer or Coke from the vending machine, but in some others, you can’t.
Some vending machines sell cigarettes(香烟). People call them “cigarettes machines”. From these machines, people can get cigarettes easily. These machines once(曾经) were popular in the United States but they are not good for children. So you can’t see them now. In many areas in the United States, only some clubs and bars(酒吧) have cigarette machines, because children can never get into these places. But in other areas of the world, you may still see them a lot.
How does a vending machine work? If you want to buy a can of Coke, you can find its price on the machine. Before you push the button(按按钮) of the Coke, you need to put the money into the machine. Then you can get your Coke and change. A vending machine makes our life easy and interesting.
1. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 2 refer to?| A．cigarettes | B．cigarettes machines | C．American people | D．the United States |
| A．All the vending machines in the world sell different things. |
| B．You can find cigarette machines only in American bars. |
| C．In some places, you can’t get beer from a vending machine. |
| D．Vending machines are not good for children. |
| A．people don’t need cigarette machines any more |
| B．cigarettes are too expensive |
| C．people don’t want children to get cigarettes |
| D．children don’t like cigarettes now |
①Push the button of the chocolate. ②Put money into the machine.
③Read the price of the chocolate. ④Get your chocolate and change.
| A．③②①④ | B．①③②④ | C．③①②④ | D．②①③④ |
【推荐2】①Animal behavior is an interesting and fascinating study. Scientists research the ways that animals use to look for food. They study how animals protect themselves from their predators, and which animals kill other animals for food. All of this helps us understand how useful animals can be.
②Each country or culture raises some animals for food. In the United States, people mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. In other countries, people might raise sheep or oxen(公牛) for meat. These differences come in part from weather and other environmental conditions. People around the world eat all kinds of fish and shellfish(贝类) from oceans and rivers. In some countries, people don’t always choose some animal groups, such as dogs, for food while in other countries such animals may become people’s favorite food.
③In West Africa, animals provide humans with more than food. They have been helping people do daily work for thousands of years. Horses, oxen, and other work animals pull heavy things. Elephants, horses, and other animals carry people and things from place to place. Carrier pigeons(信鸽) have been used to send messages.
④People also receive health benefits(利益) from animals. For example, dogs and cats can help calm(使镇静) people down. This is helpful for people fighting illnesses. Animals can also reduce stress, helping people to draw their attention to learning new information, such as reading. When people are walking their dogs or horses, it encourages exercise.
⑤Animals and humans share space on Earth, so keeping a healthy relationship with animals around us is our best interest.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Where animals live and how they look for food. |
| B．The relationship between animals and humans. |
| C．The different things animals can do in different countries. |
| D．What humans should do when communicating with animals. |
| A．neighbours | B．friends | C．children | D．enemies |
| A．To help them reduce stress. |
| B．To encourage them to exercise. |
| C．To draw their attention. |
| D．To help them fight illnesses. |
| A．People around the world eat all kinds of fish. |
| B．Horses are helpful for people to send messages. |
| C．Animals can only offer humans food. |
| D．Africans mainly eat meat from cows, chickens and pigs. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
【推荐3】Games and Hobbies
There are websites for nearly every game and hobby out there.
Teen Reads
Young book lovers will enjoy Teen Reads. The website includes reviews of new and popular books for teenagers, along with service, competitions and places to discuss favorite books. Teens can also work their way through the "final" reading list on the site.
Teen Nick
Fans of entertainment(娱乐) channel Teen Nick will find information on the latest shows, as well as games, videos and quizzes. While the site offers the latest news on Teen Nick shows, it also includes stories just for teens, offering suggestions on how to survive high school or giving back to school ideas.
The Insite
The Insite is set up for teens who have an interest in improving the world. Teens can learn about social fairness, how to build a positive self-image（自我形象） and how to help the Planet. They can also share artwork and writing or discuss how to make the world a better place.
Challenge You.
Challenge You is a computer game design website. Teens can design games on the site, or play games designed by other kids and teens. They can share their games with friends or take part in weekly game-building competitions. There is also a chat room where site users can discuss game building or decide when to play together.
1. Where might you find information on the latest Teenager books?| A．On Teen Reads. | B．On Teen Nick. | C．On the Insite. | D．On Challenge You. |
| A．You can put your own writing on teen reads. |
| B．Teen Nick is mainly a place to discuss school problems . |
| C．The Insite helps to make a better you and a better world. |
| D．You can find information about games on all these websites. |
| A．Teen reads. | B．Teen Nick. | C．The Insite. | D．Challenge You |
| A．Librarians. | B．Teenagers. | C．Game lovers. | D．School teachers. |
