How to Investigate (调查)
①Planning
Decide on a scientific problem to investigate
For example, a student named Mary has decided to research into how quickly sugar dissolves (溶解) in water.
Write down your hypothesis
You may already have an idea of what you expect to happen in your investigation. This idea is called your hypothesis. It may not be right! It is just an idea, though it may be based on work in science which you have done before. The aim of your investigation is to test your idea.
Decide what variables (变量) you are dealing with
Things like temperature, size, weight, and color are called variable. Variables are things you can measure.
In your investigation, you have to decide what the variables are, which ones you will keep fixed, and which you will change.
You need to change just one variable at a time. If lots of variables change at once, it won’t be a good test.
Decide what equipment you need, and in what order you will do things.
Prepare tables for your results.
②Getting your evidence (数据)
Make your measurements, and record your results
③Reaching conclusions
Look for patterns in your results
Present your conclusions
What links (关联) did you find between any of the variables? How would you explain these links?
④Checking your findings
Compare your conclusions and hypothesis
Do your results support your idea?
1. What does the underlined word “hypothesis” most probably mean?| A．reason | B．result | C．method | D．guess |
| A．Temperature. | B．Color. | C．Weight. | D．Idea. |
| A．She can only change one variable at a time. | B．Some of the variables can’t be measured. |
| C．Her weight and age can be the variables. | D．The temperature of water cannot be a variable. |
| A．How to do a scientific research. | B．How to explain a scientific finding. |
| C．How to deal with a chemistry problem. | D．How to understand some chemistry knowledge. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Clothes are important and necessary(必要的)to us, but do you know how to buy clothes in a right way? Here are some ideas for you.
When you go shopping and want to buy some clothes, you should think about which kind of clothes you really need and how much money you can spend on them. Then look at the labels that are inside the new clothes. They can tell you how to take care of the clothes. The labels for a shirt may tell you to wash it in warm water. A sweater label may tell you to wash it in cold water. The label on a coat may say “dry clean(干洗)only” . If you do as the directions(说明)say on the label, you can keep your clothes well for a long time.
Many clothes today must be dry-cleaned. Dry cleaning is a little expensive. When buying new clothes, you should check if they need to be dry-cleaned. You can save money if you buy clothes that can be washed in water or that are well made. Well-made clothes will look good even after you wash them for many times.
Clothes that cost more money don’t always mean they are better made. They may not fit you, either. On the other hand, less expensive clothes may sometimes look better and fit you well.
1. The first thing for you to do before you buy clothes is to ________.| A．know how to wash them | B．read the directions inside them |
| C．see which kind of clothes you need | D．look for well-made clothes |
| A．尺寸 | B．品牌 | C．价格 | D．标签 |
| A．washed every week | B．washed in cold water |
| C．washed in warm water | D．dry-cleaned only |
| A．Cheap | B．Expensive | C．Well-made | D．Dry-cleaned |
| A．being a clever clothes shopper | B．washing clothes in a right way |
| C．buying less expensive clothes | D．buying the well-made clothes |
First, we should eat right.
*Don't eat too much candy or drink too much cola，or our teeth will go bad easily.
*Have more cheese，milk and yogurt to make teeth strong.
*Eat more vegetables and fruits to help clean teeth.
Second，we should keep these numbers in mind.
*2/Day Brush your teeth at least twice a day：in the morning and before bedtime.
*2-3 Minutes Brush for at least two to three minutes every time.
*3 Months Get a new toothbrush every three months.
*6 Months Go to the dentist every six months for a check-up.
根据短文内容判断下列句型的正（A）误(B)
1. We're too young，so we needn't start protecting our teeth.
2. Cheese，milk and yogurt can keep our teeth strong.
3. We shouldn't brush our teeth after lunch.
4. We can brush our teeth for only one minute each time.
5. At least four toothbrushes should be used in a year.
How satisfied are you with your life? How good do you feel every day? Your answers to those two questions can show how happy you are.
It’s true that your happiness is partly affected by your genes(基因) .But even if you’re not usually a happy person, you can change that. According to experts, happiness is a choice. It’s something that you can develop with continuing practice.
Following these tried-and-true tips can help you find happiness:
Be kind to yourself and practice accepting yourself. Don’t compare yourself to others. Everyone has different talents and abilities. It’s OK that you’re not like someone else. Comparison has been called “the thief of joy.” In addition, forgive yourself often. You are not perfect, and you are your own worst critic(批评者) .
Take breaks from social media. The Internet is full of people who look beautiful and seem to lead exciting lives. Yet much of what appears on social media is not real. Many people compare themselves to those images, resulting in feelings of discouragement.
There are some other tips that can put you on the road to happiness：
Invest(投入) in relationships. Spend time with people you love and that love you. Be optimistic. When you have negative(消极的) thoughts, ask yourself if the situation is as bad as you think.
Get outside. Nature helps to reduce stress. Exercise and put your health in the first place. People who get up and move are usually happier than those who don’t. Just going on a walk can make a difference.
Limit(限制) the amount of time you spend on the news. Stay aware(明白) of recent events. But don’t spend hours consuming news, which usually includes negative stories and events. Since happiness is a choice, why not choose it? Life will look brighter filled with love and joy!
1. The writer starts to introduce the topic by ________ in Paragraph 1.| A．giving examples | B．asking questions |
| C．telling stories | D．listing reasons |
| A．2. | B．3. | C．4. | D．5. |
| Julie | She compares her grades with her classmate Mary |
| Ross | He often thinks about things in a bad way. |
| Doris | She goes running in the park every morning. |
| Henry | He is a news lover and reads a lot of negative news. |
| A．Julie. | B．Ross. | C．Doris. | D．Henry. |
| A．explain the reasons why people should be happy |
| B．share some ways for unhappy people to find happiness |
| C．describe the process of how genes affect people’s feelings |
| D．show people the relations between happiness and social media |
【推荐1】Can plants talk? Modern research has found something amazing: they do communicate with each other.
It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals(化学物质) to communicate with each other. This happens when a plant gets attacked(袭击) by insects. The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten. This is like a warning, or a call for help: “I’m being attacked!” When another plant gets the chemicals, it starts to give out its own, different chemicals. Some of these chemicals drive insects away. Others attract the wasps(黄蜂； 蜜蜂) ! The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants. Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system, so that we can use it to grow more crops.
More surprisingly, plants also use sound to communicate. People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them. Some plants make noises with their roots. Corn and child plants do this. Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.
Most surprisingly of all, plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest. Scientists call this system the “wood wide web”. The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi(霉菌). It links the roots of different plants to each other. It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. Using the wood wide web, plants can share information and even food with each other. However, it may lead to bad effects. Plants may use it to steal food from each other, or spread chemicals to attack other plants. Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a “fire wall” to help prevent these attacks within the web.
Scientists are learning more everyday about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to “talk” with them ourselves.
1. What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?| A．They’ll kill the insects by themselves. |
| B．They’ll control the wasps to kill the insects. |
| C．They will send out signals to ask for help. |
| D．They will produce chemicals as a warming or a call for help. |
| A．By making noises with their roots. |
| B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other. |
| C．By sharing food and information with each other. |
| D．By spreading chemicals to each other. |
| A．To give people hope for further studies. |
| B．To praise scientists for their great achievements. |
| C．To call on people to protect the plants on Earth. |
| D．To inspire people to communicate with plants. |
| A．The Plants that Give Warnings | B．The Study about the Plant Warning System |
| C．The Secret Language of Plants | D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
【推荐2】Cars make our lives convenient and many people can’t live without them. However, they can also be a problem, especially fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars, which cause air pollution. It is widely believed that clean energy and improved fuel technologies can greatly reduce air pollution caused by gas-fueled cars. To improve the environment, many countries are developing electric vehicles (EVs,电动车). Among them, China is taking a leading role and has created the world’s largest EV market.
In 2023, about 14 million EVs were sold worldwide. The number of EVs sold in China was more than 9 million-about three times as large as the number sold in the United States. Chinese drivers are already big fans of EVs. “Charging (充电) an electric car is cheaper than filling up a fossil fuel car with gas,” said Mr. Wu, who bought an electric car this year.
However, there are still some problems. It can be hard to find charging stations and the cars can’t go far before needing to be recharged. Some of these problems are being solved. There are more and more charging stations in China. Now China has the world’s largest EV charging network, with more than 8, 596, 000 charging stations in total.
“Developing EVs is one of many efforts that China has made to reduce pressure on the environment. As China goes, so will the world’s auto industry”, said The Wall Street Journal. Electric vehicles are really a smart choice for the environment.
1. Where is this passage most probably from?| A．A storybook. | B．A travel magazine. |
| C．A guidebook. | D．A car magazine. |
| A．About 14 million. | B．About 3 million. |
| C．About 9 million. | D．About 27 million. |
| A．to show the advantage of EVs | B．to introduce the use of EVs |
| C．to show the problems of EVs | D．to introduce the development of EVs |
| A．Train. | B．Car. | C．Plane. | D．Ship. |
| A．Charging an Electric Car | B．Good Environment |
| C．Electric Vehicles | D．Clean Energy |
Do you know the sun’s warmth is a kind of useful energy? Want to try using it yourself ? Let’s do a cool project-making a solar (太阳能的) tower!
You can try this project at home. You just need some tape, a pin (别针), paper, three cans and two big thick books. Now, we’re going to build the solar tower. First, make a pinwheel (纸风车) with a piece of square paper. Second, cut off the tops and bottoms of the cans, place the cans on top of each other and tape them together. Next, use a pin to connect the pinwheel with the tower. Finally, put the can tower on top of the books, which are 5 cm apart from each other. So there’s a gap (间隔) at the bottom, allowing the air to enter the tower.
Now, all we have to do is set the whole thing near a window, where there’s sunlight. When the sun shines on the tower, it gets hot and warms the air in it. The warmer air moves upward (向上的) through the tower and makes the pinwheel turn around as it passes by. Then cooler air comes in through the gap from the bottom of the tower, gets heated up, and rises, so the cycle goes on. This is how it works. How amazing!
So next time you feel the warm sun on your face, remember that it’s more than just a nice feeling-sunlight is a powerful and useful source of energy.
1. How does the writer introduce the topic?| A．By listing numbers. | B．By asking questions. |
| C．By stating opinions. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．To stop the tower from falling off. | B．To stop the books from heating up. |
| C．To allow the air enter the tower. | D．To allow the air get out of the tower. |
for warm air; 
for cold air.)A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．science. | B．Society. | C．Lifestyle. | D．Environment. |
【推荐1】In April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first man to travel in space. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. Some people believe the next step is for humans to visit Mars. It is sure that the first person to walk on Mars will become as Gagarin or Armstrong, and many astronauts would love the chance. But what is space travel really like for the astronauts?
Many astronauts suffer (承受) physical problems, even if they are in space for just a few months. Some of these problems are short-lived; others may be long-lasting. More than two-thirds of all astronauts suffer motion sickness (晕动病) while traveling in space. In space, the body cannot tell up from down and that can make the astronauts feel sick for a few days. More blood and water end up in the face, neck, and chest, resulting in a puff (肿胀) face and an enlarged heart. Being in a weightless environment (失重环境) means that astronauts do not use the muscles (肌 肉) so their muscles gradually get weaker. This, along with the change of blood to the upper body, astronauts lose some of important minerals (矿物质), and then their bones become weaker. As a result, many astronauts can’t walk well for a few days upon their return to Earth. In addition, they have to suffer the radiation (辐射) from the sun. This puts them at a higher risk of serious illness.
Besides the physical difficulties, astronauts who travel for long time may also suffer from psychological stress (压力). Long journeys need astronauts to spend more time inside a spaceship. For example, a round-trip journey to Mars could take about three years. Staying in a small space for such a long period of time is not healthy.
Astronauts—especially those who achieved important “firsts” such as Gagarin and Armstrong—are often seen as exciting adventurers.This may be right, but it’s also worth (值得) remembering the efforts they make to explore our universe.
1. According to Paragraph 2, what physical problem do astronauts suffer?| A．They may feel sick because of motion sickness. |
| B．Their hearts send weakened signals to their bodies. |
| C．They may live shorter after travelling in space. |
| D．Their brains often get less blood and water. |
| A．Less proper walks upon their return to Earth. |
| B．Weaker muscles and loss of important minerals. |
| C．More radiation from the sun hurting the bones. |
| D．Puffy faces, necks and enlarged hearts and brains. |
| A．To encourage people to be first one to visit Mars. |
| B．To question whether humans are able to go to Mars soon. |
| C．To remind us of the price astronauts pay for exploring universe. |
| D．To discuss what is the best health care for astronauts in space. |
【推荐2】With the economic development, the problem of the left-behind children has become a serious social problem. More and more people have realized we should do something to help them.
The biggest problem is that the children are all hungry for the love from their parents. Many of them can just get a call or a letter from their parents half a year, a year or even several years. So some children can’t remember what their parents look like. When they meet their own troubles, they have no one to talk with. Nobody gives them enough care.
Because of being too far away from their parents, the left-behind children’s study is the second biggest problem.
From a survey about their study, only two percent of the children get good results, while ten percent of them are common and eighty-eight percent of them are poor. What a pity!
There are also many other problems of the left-behind children, such as having no ability to protect themselves, unhealthy lifestyle, spending too much pocket money and too much time on the Internet and so on.
In a word, to solve all the problems of the left-behind children needs the government, families and schools to try their best together.
1. How many problems are mentioned in the passage?| A．One | B．Two | C．Three | D．More than four |
| A．They can’t get enough love from their parents. | B．They are hungry. |
| C．They don’t study well. | D．They spend too much money. |
| A．Ten percent of the left-behind children are good at study. |
| B．The left-behind children can’t see their parents often. |
| C．The left-behind children’s problem is a social problem. |
| D．Some left-behind children can’t remember their parents’ looks. |
| A．The left-behind children. | B．The problems of the left-behind children. |
| C．How to help the left-behind children. | D．Why we should help the left-behind children. |
【推荐3】Personal space is an invisible(看不见的) area around us. Many of us may feel uncomfortable when someone stands too close to us or makes eye contact with us for long. People have different opinions on personal space in different cultures.
In both Latin American and Arab countries, people feel comfortable standing close to others while waiting in line. It’s also common for people to sit close to each other in public places.
North Americans like to have the largest amount of personal space. As a result, they often live in much bigger houses with bigger rooms.
People from Mediterranean countries such as France, Greece, and Italy are more likely to kiss family and friends when they meet. They are also more likely to live most of their lives in the same neighborhood.
Australians who live in towns and cities don’t need as much personal space as those who live out in the desert.
1. People in Arab countries most probably ________ when they’re on the subway,| A．talk about the weather | B．sit close together |
| C．keep away from the doors | D．avoid eye contact |
| A．hold parties at home | B．stay with their family |
| C．live a modern life | D．have their own space |
| A．kissing | B．bowing | C．shaking hands | D．making eye contact |
| A．They stand away from each other in public. | B．They often visit those living in the desert. |
| C．They pay little attention to personal space. | D．They prefer to stay with their friends. |
| A．To tell us how to achieve personal space. | B．To explain why people need personal space. |
| C．To give some facts about personal space. | D．To call on people to keep personal space. |
