How quickly can you count from one to ten? Do you use ten different words to do it? Can you do it in English, or do you have to use your first language? Do you count on your fingers? Many people think that numbers and math are the same all over the world. But scientists have discovered that it is not true.
People in different parts of the world use different ways to count on their fingers. In the United States, people begin counting with their first finger. They then extend the rest of their fingers and finally the thumb to count to five. Then they repeat this with the other hand to get to ten. In China, people count by using different finger positions. In this way, a Chinese person can easily count to ten on only one hand.
Besides ways of finger counting, scientists have found that cultures and languages are also different when it comes to numbers. Some languages have only a few words for numbers, and others have no words for numbers. For example, the aboriginal people in Australia don’t have hand movements to stand for numbers. They don’t even have words for numbers. However, they are still able to understand different ideas about numbers. Similarly, people of the Piraha tribe in northwestern Brazil don’t have words for numbers such as “one” or “three”. They are not able to say “five trees” or “ten trees” but can say “some trees”, “more trees” or “many trees”.
Professor Edward Gibson from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology said that most people believe that everyone knows how to count, “But here is a group that does not count. They could learn, but it’s not useful in their culture, so they’ve never picked it up.”
1. Why does the writer list the four questions at the beginning of the passage?A.To make a survey. | B.To interest the readers. |
C.To give examples. | D.To interview the readers. |
A.People from China use finger positions to do counting. |
B.People from the US usually begin counting with their thumb. |
C.People from China count much faster than people from the US. |
D.People from the US use only one hand to count from one to ten. |
A.the US | B.Brazil | C.Australia | D.Asia |
A.There are ideas of numbers in their life. | B.There is no “some trees” in their language. |
C.They have only a few words for numbers. | D.They have hand movements for numbers. |
A.Chinese people are good at counting. | B.Counting quickly on fingers is not easy. |
C.Counting is difficult to learn in some tribes. | D.People don’t need numbers in some cultures. |
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【推荐1】We've seen 3D films, 3D TVs and so on. They are so interesting that young people like to watch them very much. Have you ever read about 3D newspapers? That was what the Belgian (比利时的) newspaper, La Derniere Heure, tried to do for its readers. This was Europe's first 3D newspaper.
It took the team two months to make the 3D newspaper. The team printed 11, 500 copies of the special edition of La Derniere Heure. It was more than the usual number of the printed copies.
Each of these newspaper came with a pair of free 3D glasses. All the photos and ads in the newspaper were in 3D and the text was the same as usual. Readers could get the best result by holding the paper 50 cm away from the eyes. In fact, if people don't wear the 3D glasses, the newspaper will be terrible to read because the images are not clear.
Many readers tried to buy this kind of newspaper. In fact, some of them bought it just for fun. The publishers (出版商) had no plans to continue it because it cost too much.
根据文章内容,判断正(T)误(F)。1. The name of the first 3D newspaper in Europe is La Derniere Heure.
2. The team printed 11, 500 copies of the newspaper, more than the usual copies.
3. You can see the photos in this newspaper clearly with 3D glasses.
4. Few readers tried to buy this kind of newspaper because it was expensive.
5. The writer is sure that 3D newspapers will take the common newspaper's place.
Have you ever counted the number of digits(数字) in the mobile phone number? Every number has 11 digits.
The 11 digits has three parts.
The main reason for using 11 digits is that we have the largest population in the world. We once had 10 numbers. But as our population grew, there were not enough numbers for us to use.
Besides China, Britain and Japan also use 11-digit mobile phone numbers. But their numbers always start with 0.
A.Each part has a different meaning. |
B.Also, mobile phone numbers can be reused. |
C.So we began to use 11 digits starting from 1999. |
D.So they cannot create as many numbers as we can. |
E.You may sometimes find it hard to remember the number. |
【推荐3】Do you know the numbers 0—9 well? They are numbers in Arabic numbers. People use them to mark numbers now. But it’s not the only number system that people use.
About 2,500 years ago, people in Rome used their hands to count. In Roman numerals, one finger means 1, two fingers means 2, three fingers means 3, four fingers means 4. If you want to say five, you can keep your four fingers close on one side and your thumb on the other side. Make each of your hands be five, then you’ll have ten. So in Rome, the numbers are “I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, IV, V, VI, VⅡ, VⅢ, IX, X”. Also, “L” means fifty, “C”means one hundred. “D” means five hundred and “M”means one thousand. But there is no zero in Roman numerals. Today, few people use them because they are difficult to write and count. But we can still see them on some watches and clocks.
Today, most people use the Arabic numerals. They are easy to remember and write. They help people to count things every day. In fact, Indians first created and used the Arabic numerals. In the late 8th century, people in Arabic countries learned about them. Then the Arabic people took them into Europe. So people in Europe called them Arabic numerals. Today, people around the world use Arabic numerals and they help a lot.
1. Which of the following means five in Roman numerals?A.5. | B.IV. | C.V. | D.X. |
A.Arabic numerals. | B.Watches and clocks. |
C.Zero. | D.Roman numerals. |
A.People in Rome didn’t use them. |
B.Arabic people taught the Indians about them. |
C.Only Arabic people use them today. |
D.“0” means “zero” in Arabic numerals. |
A.Because they are not easy to write and count. |
B.Because there are no Romans any more. |
C.Because the numbers look stupid. |
D.Because they are hard to remember. |
a. Arabic people learned about Arabic numerals.
b. Indians created Arabic numerals.
c. Arabic people took Arabic numerals into Europe.
d. People all over the world use Arabic numerals.
A.b-c-a-d | B.b-a-c-d | C.d-b-a-c | D.d-c-b-a |
【推荐1】Every year, with the Spring Festival on its way, it’s time to start thinking about everyone’s favorite topic; gifts! More specifically (确切地), the giving of gifts and the culture behind them. I have found gift giving to be quite different in China from my home country.
One example is the time of when to open a gift. The person who gives a gift is called the “gifter”. The person who gets a gift is called the “giftee”. In the US, the gifter will often want to see the giftee open the present instantly. The gifter wants to see the giftee’s reaction (反应) of excitement and joy. In China, however, it’s more polite to thank the gifter for the gift but open it later in the giftee’s home.
Also, I find the difference is the openness and directness of giving money. Although people in the US might give money to their children, it is usually done very secretly with the money put in a card and not discussed out loud. In China, it is much more open. For example, kids get lucky money from parents during Spring Festival.
Finally, the value of the gift can play a big role in China in ways. This is different from the US. An expensive gift in the US is usually greeted with great excitement. But in China, it can make the giftee feel awkward (尴尬的) because of a sense of having to return the favor (恩惠) in the future to the gifter.
So, the next time you give a gift to somebody, remember that culture and meaning are part of every action we take.
1. Where is the writer from?A.China. | B.The US. | C.Canada. | D.Australia. |
A.At last. | B.In fact. | C.At once. | D.In total. |
A.How to give money. | B.When to receive lucky money. |
C.Why to send gifts. | D.How to celebrate Spring Festival. |
A.Its color. | B.Its weight. | C.Its size. | D.Its value. |
A.Ways of Giving Money | B.Spring Festival Traditions |
C.Cultural Differences in the World | D.Gifts and the Culture Behind Them |
The world is an interesting place. Different people like different things. Some people like loud music. Other people don’t.
Many people like sports, but they don’t like the same sports. In some countries, cricket (板球运动) is a very popular sport. In others, it is not popular at all. No one plays it or watches it on TV. However, most people like soccer. The World Cup is very popular.
Different people like different food. Some people do not like meat.
Many people like traveling. Different people like different places. Some people like to go to the countryside. They like the fresh air. Some people like to go to the cities. Because they like shopping.
What do you like? Have you got an idea?
A.They like quiet music. |
B.Not everyone likes the same color. |
C.Millions of people watch the soccer games on TV. |
D.Different people like different kinds of pets. |
E.They eat fruit and vegetables most of the time. |
F.So they don’t raise pigs in their countries. |
G.Some other people enjoy beautiful places like the mountains or beaches. |
【推荐3】The rules on Visiting British People’s Homes
If you invite British persons to your home, they might not accept as this may make them think they should invite you to their home. It is not a good idea to invite your boss or a senior workmate to your home. They will probably think it would make your relationship too casual(随意的).
Never ask a British person if you can visit their home. People may make a suggestion that you should come around to their place but unless they offer a clear time, do not simply arrive at their house. The person may greet you at the door but not let you in, leaving you feeling very embarrassed(尴尬的).
If you are invited with a specific date and time, that is great. Accept the invitation. Ask what you can bring with you. Even if they say you do not need to bring anything, it is a good idea to bring something to drink or eat that can be shared, or some traditional food from your home country.
Do not say anything bad about their country or its traditions when you are a guest in their home. Most people are proud of their country and their way of doing things, even if they complain about it! There are some moments when it is best just to listen and smile politely.
Do not talk about topics such as politics(政治)of their country unless your host brings up the conversation. So try to prepare some questions about your home country, like the festivals and eating habits. This is a chance to share something about your way of life back home.
A.Be careful to share your idea about their country. |
B.Bring something to eat or drink from your home country. |
C.Never visit their home unless you are told the time clearly. |
D.Be careful to invite British persons to your home. |
E.Simply arrive at their house if you are invited. |
F.Share something about your home country. |
【推荐1】Is there a way to quickly recall (回忆) information just before taking an exam? Walking backward (向后) might be a good way. Scientists from the University of Roehampton in the UK said this activity can help people improve their short-term memory.
Scientists did an experiment (实验). They asked 114 students to watch a video. After watching the video, volunteers were divided (分成) into three groups and each group had the same number of people. The first group was told to walk 10 meters forward. The second group walked 10 meters backward. The third group stood in one place. All three groups were then asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video.
The scientists found that the backward-walking group got two more answers correct on average (平均) than the other two groups.
Aleksandar, who led the study, told the Daily Mail, “You see things from a different angle (角度).” This difference helps people recall things that happened in the past.
And walking backward is not just good for our brains (大脑). It is also good for the rest of our body. Walking backward is more difficult than walking forward. This can help us improve our fitness, according to New Scientist. Walking backward uses more energy in ad short time and burns more calories (卡路里).
Besides, walking backward is less stressful (压力大的) for our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees strong, which can help to ease (缓解) pain in the lower back.
1. What does “this activity” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.Recalling information. | B.Taking an exam. |
C.Walking backwards. | D.Improving memory. |
A.introduce a useful way of walking | B.explain why walking backwards improves memory |
C.show who can answer more questions correctly | D.describe how researchers did their experiment |
A.36 | B.38 | C.57 | D.114 |
A.It helps people burn more calories. | B.It helps people remember information. |
C.It can ease pain in people’s knees and backs. | D.It allows people to see things in a new angle. |
A.walking backwards can keep our bones strong. |
B.walking backwards can help us improve our fitness. |
C.walking backwards can help us improve the short-term memory. |
D.walking backwards is good for the rest of our bodies. |
【推荐2】Life with a clear purpose can be quite satisfying, but most of us live our life unconsciously. The daily work keeps our mind busy. Then one Sunday afternoon, when I’m lying in bed, it suddenly hits me. What is my purpose? It’s difficult to answer but it’s very important. Here are a few tips that can help you in this step.
Check if you already have a purpose. If you find your present life purposeless, just look again. In our life there is no purpose that is too small or too big. Even a street sweeper has a very important purpose in his life. Even if you are working in a small shop you should have a clear purpose in the link of life by the service you provide. Maybe you’re supporting a family, or raising kids, which is quite an important purpose. If you think your life is meaningless right now, it would just show that you are not paying enough attention to your present role.
Believe in yourself. Some people get very famous while some live a private life. There is no real difference between the two. Each person must have a certain role and no role is more important than the other. If you have a talent, it’s life’s gift to you. Try to find the best way to use your talent to something which gives service to people.
Listen to your heart rather than your mind. Heart and mind are just close friends. Your mind must find some several excuses to tell you want your heart wants. The voice of heart is always true and it points to your deep dreams.
1. What does the underlined word “unconsciously” in the passage probably mean?A.busily | B.purposelessly | C.possibly | D.carefully |
A.No purpose is too small or too big. |
B.One should pay attention to his role. |
C.The voice of people’s heart is always true. |
D.Most people provide service to the society. |
A.It points to your deep dream. |
B.It’s a gift from life. |
C.It comes from the closest friend of mind. |
D.It’s the best way to improve one’s life. |
A.The daily work keeps our mind clear. |
B.Famous persons believe in themselves. |
C.Having a clear purpose helps us to live our life. |
D.You heart can find excuses to tell you what it wants. |
A.How to play a certain role. |
B.How to live our life. |
C.How to achieve your purpose. |
D.How to have a clear purpose. |
①When you’re trying to make friends, you’ll probably meet someone who just doesn’t like you, though you’ve never done anything to him or her. Well, what should you do? Here’s some advice.
②Gossip (流言蜚语) can make meeting new people difficult, especially(尤其) when people hear something bad about you. It can prevent someone from getting to know you at all. When you’re in a situation(情况) like this, it feels bad. Instead of trying to win them over(说服), however, just be yourself. As time goes by, they will see that the gossip about you is wrong. Or they may choose to believe it. Don’t worry about it and move on by being friendly to the kind people.
③You’d think that your friend’s friends would also become your friends. But it doesn’t work that way. Sometimes people are happy with the friendships they have, and they aren’t interested in adding any more. If someone chooses not to be friends with you just because you’re new to the group, it’s fine. There’s nothing wrong with you or them.
④An even more difficult situation is when someone has met you and just doesn’t like you. Every joke you make is taken the wrong way. Every time you try to do something nice, they find fault (找茬儿). As much as it hurts, accept that not everyone is going to be your friend. Don’t take it personally. These things could happen to everyone. There are just some people you won’t like.
⑤In a word, if someone doesn’t want to be your friend, that’s okay. Don’t get angry with them because it’s their choice(选择). Instead, give your time and attention to the people that are interested in being with you.
1. If people choose to believe the gossip about you, you should ________.A.try to win them over | B.let them know the truth |
C.forget about it and move on | D.find out where the gossip comes from |
A.You shouldn’t share it with others. | B.You shouldn’t stop it by yourself. |
C.You shouldn’t put it in the heart. | D.You shouldn’t accept it in person. |
A.①//②③④//⑤ | B.①//②③//④⑤ | C.①//②③④⑤ | D.①②//③④//⑤ |
A.how to make new friends | B.how to have a talk with others |
C.how to be popular among friends | D.what to do when you’re not liked by others |