All human activities create rubbish. Rubbish can be found in the middle of the ocean, in deserts, and on top of the world’s highest mountain. It can even be found in outer space, where it’s called “space junk”.
A lot of space junk is made up of satellites (卫星) that are no longer in use. It also includes tools and other things from astronauts. Scientists have discovered more than 12, 000 pieces of junk down to 10 cm in size in space. But there are hundreds of thousands of pieces that are too small to be tracked.
Space junk can cause a number of problems. For one thing, an inactive satellite may hit a useful satellite and both may break into pieces, which will create even more junk. Space junk might put other spacecraft (太空飞行器) in danger as well.
One idea for solving this problem is to go to collect the rubbish. A US company is designing a satellite that can collect space junk and move it to an orbit (轨道) where it does not bring any danger.
Space scientists have also realized that this junk is made up of parts that can be reused to build new space stations or satellites. In other words, space junk might be able to be recycled. It is clear that we must take action soon. UK researcher Hugh Lewis recently said that the risk from space junk would rise 50 percent in the next 10 years.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
1. Why are deserts and mountains mentioned in Paragraph 1? ________
| A．To give reasons. |
| B．To show opinions. |
| C．To share experiences. |
| D．To lead in the topic. |
| A．Found. | B．Recycled. | C．Changed. | D．Collected. |
| A．Causes of space junk. |
| B．Research on space junk. |
| C．Dangers from space junk. |
| D．Conditions of space junk. |
| A．Design some reused space stations or satellites. |
| B．Bring the space junk back to the Earth and burn it. |
| C．Build more new space stations or satellites to hit the useless ones. |
| D．Collect the rubbish and place it in an orbit away from the spacecraft. |
| A．Excited. | B．Proud. | C．Angry. | D．Worried. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】The following is a QUIZ（自测） from a magazine.
| Questions | 1 Point | 2 Points | 3 Points |
| Where do you live? | in a village | in a town | in a city |
| How do you go to work/school? | by walking/ bicycle | by train/bus /subway | by driving a small car |
| How many times a year do you fly on airplanes? | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| How many hours of electricity do you use each day (e.g. watching TV, keeping lights on)? | 0﹣6 hours | 6﹣12 hours | 12﹣18 hours |
| How often do you recycle? | almost always | often | sometimes |
| Total Points | Result |
| 7 | Less pollution than the average（平均） person |
| 8﹣10 | As much pollution as the average person |
| 11﹣13 | A little more pollution than the average person |
| 14﹣14 | A lot more pollution than the average person |
1. Which of the following makes the least pollution?
| A．Living pretty well in a big city. | B．Flying on planes only twice a year. |
| C．Almost always recycling used things. | D．Using 15hours of electricity each day. |
| A．7 points. | B．8﹣10 points. | C．11﹣13 points. | D．14﹣15 points. |
| A．11 points. | B．12 points. | C．13 points. | D．14 points. |
【推荐2】In most situations, light helps us see. But these days humans are using too much of it so that it becomes in fact a kind of pollution.
According to a scientific research, about 2,500 stars can be seen by the human eye. But because of light pollution, you can only see 200 to 300 stars from today’s countryside, and no more than ten stars from a city. In most big cities, people cannot see the sky full of stars like they did in their childhood.
Light pollution influences (影响) more than that. Research shows that lots of nighttime light has a bad influence on wildlife, too. When birds fly to another place over cities, they sometimes get lost by the brightness and fly around until they drop from tiredness. Sea turtles (海龟) need dark beaches for laying eggs, but they can’t find their ideal places because of those bright lights. Too much light at night may even influences human health, but scientists are not sure of how it works on human body. They are still learning more.
In order to stop things from going worse, governments and organizations are working to reduce light pollution. Many cities and towns have done something to reduce the use of lights at night. Lights are used only when and where they are truly needed. They also shine lights down at the ground instead of up into the sky and use less bright lights.
Hopefully, in the near future, humans can enjoy the clear and beautiful sky again and all the wildlife will live a peaceful and uninfluenced life, too.
1. According to the passage, what is the sky like in most big cities now?| A．There are no stars in the sky at all. |
| B．People can see 200 to 300 stars in the sky. |
| C．No more than 10 stars can be seen in the sky. |
①It’s hard for sea turtles to find good places to lay eggs.
②Humans will probably find themselves in poor health under too much nighttime light.
③The stars we could see in the past is much fewer than today.
④Birds can’t even find their way with the brightness caused by too much nighttime light.
| A．①②③ | B．①②④ | C．②③④ |
| A．减少 | B．解决 | C．禁止 |
| A．The problems that light pollution has caused. |
| B．The reason why humans use too much light. |
| C．The ways that light pollution can be reduced. |
| A．Light pollution. | B．Nighttime light. | C．Stop using light. |
【推荐3】We have found plastic in the ocean and in animals like birds, fishes and whales.But for the first time, scientists have found plastic in human poop (粪便), reports USA Today.
The findings come from a pilot study (初步研究) by scientists from Environment Agency Austria(EAA).
The researchers followed eight healthy volunteers from different parts of the world. The volunteers wrote down what they ate for a week, then provided samples of their poop for testing.
“The smallest plastic particles are able to enter the bloodstream, the lymphatic system (淋巴系统), and may even reach the liver (肝脏), ”Philipp Schwabl, who took part in the research, said to The Guardian.
Previous studies may also give us a clue (线索).
| A．However,the scientists aren’t sure if this plastic is harmful to humans. |
| B．How could people avoid eating plastic? |
| C．They reported nine different types of plastic in the samples. |
| D．Could plastic in the air fall onto food and get into the human body? |
| E．In fact, plastic is everywhere around us. |
| F．It is tested that plastic particles aren’t harmful to human bodies. |
| G．USA Today says that 90 percent of sea salt sold globally contains plastic. |
【推荐1】English is becoming more and more popular in China. It can be used in every field, such as on some signs and restaurant menus. But there are some problems when people use it. Perhaps you’ve seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from native(地道的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries seldom use the letters. Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps. “WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me.” says Nancy, a young woman from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”. “I see much poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs.” she says, “I know what they mean, but they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me ‘My hometown is Guizhou Province’, I know he or she should say ‘My hometown is in Guizhou Province’. Hometown is a smaller place in a province. The common mistakes that Nancy picked up include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “Room Rate”, not “Room Price”. And remember to “Keep off the Grass” rather than “Care of the Green.” The next time you walk on the street or eat in the restaurant, you can go and see if the expressions are right.
根据语篇内容，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母涂黑。
1. Who seldom uses letters of “WC” according to the passage?
| A．Chinese students. |
| B．Foreigners from other countries. |
| C．Teachers in China. |
| D．English-speaking foreigners. |
| A．It’s native. | B．It should be changed. |
| C．It doesn’t matter. | D．It can be used on signs. |
| A．she thinks it should be corrected | B．she thinks it is dirty |
| C．she thinks it is proper | D．she likes to use it |
| A．Not Entry | B．Room Price |
| C．To the Airport | D．Care of the Green |
| A．Chinglish on menus. | B．Money spent on Chinglish. |
| C．Usages of native English. | D．Letters of “WC” |
【推荐2】In the UK, there are over 800 boarding schools (寄宿学校). At first, the boarding schools were for white rich boys only. Now both boys and girls can go there.
In the UK, boarding schools have three terms in a school year, with about 13 weeks in each term. All the students study and live together. There are always strict rules in boarding schools. The students can’t go outside if they are not allowed to(不被允许). In some schools, each student has his or her subject plan. Many boarding schools have a “light out” time. So when it’s time to go to bed, house-masters(宿舍管理员) turn off all the lights in the bedrooms and take care of the students.
The students at boarding school wear school uniforms. Boys usually wear a shirt and a tie, and girls wear a white shirt.
Boarding schools offer(提供) students delicious food. Students can also make something to eat at any time in the kitchen.
1. The students in boarding schools in the UK .| A．wear uniforms at school | B．can go home only on weekends |
| C．never go outside at nights | D．have the same subject plan |
| A．are only for white, rich boys now. |
| B．sometimes have strict rules |
| C．turn off all the lights in the school at night. |
| D．have house-masters to look after the students |
| A．turning on the lights | B．turning off the lights |
| C．talking with the house masters | D．studying outside |
| A．can’t study and live together |
| B．usually wear a tie and a shirt |
| C．can make their favorite food in the kitchen |
| D．can study for 26 weeks in a school year |
| A．strict rules at boarding schools in the UK |
| B．life at boarding schools in the UK |
| C．the history of boarding schools in the UK |
| D．subject plans in boarding schools |
【推荐3】Modern life is impossible without travelling. The fastest way to travel is by air. With a modern plane you can travel in one day to places which took a month or more one hundred years ago.
Travelling by train is slower than by air, but it has its advantages. You can see the country you are travelling in. Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars. They make even the longest journey enjoyable.
Some people prefer to travel by sea when it is possible. There are large liners (邮轮) and river boats. You can visit many other countries and different places. Travelling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday.
Many people like to travel by car. You can make your own timetable. You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty miles a day, just as you like. You can stop wherever you wish: where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or a hotel to spend the night. So travelling by car is beloved for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or a plane when they are travelling on business.
1. What is the advantage of travelling by plane?| A．It’s quieter. | B．It’s cheaper. | C．It’s faster. | D．It’s cleaner. |
| A．Have a good service. | B．Make own timetable. |
| C．Stop at any place. | D．Enjoy the country. |
| A．It costs the most money. |
| B．It has large liners and river boats. |
| C．It’s the slowest way to spend a holiday. |
| D．It’s a good choice of travelling for business. |
| A．Popular. | B．Impossible. | C．Terrible. | D．Safe. |
| A．Modern Life | B．Ways to Travel |
| C．Future Transportation | D．Advantages of Travelling |
【推荐1】What are the astronauts’ bedrooms like in a space station? Do water drops fly away when astronauts have a drink? If you have lots of questions about life in space, you should checkout the latest lecture from space given by three Chinese astronauts（宇航员）—Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu were working on China’s Tiangong space station now. They gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth on Dec 9. Millions of students watched it and learned many amazing science facts. Let’s take a look at some of them.
Use it or lose it
The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity（重力）. But in space, our bones（骨头）and muscles（肌肉）don’t need to support our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. NASA says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous for astronauts because they will be too weak to work.
Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands（弹力带）inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.
Wang also showed students how she walked on a kind of running machine and rode a bicycle. Astronauts exercise with these tools every day to prevent muscle loss.
Space water is different
During another experiment, Wang made a water film. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. Why?
We need to first understand the surface（表面）tension of water. Surface tension is like a “skin”of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules（分子）are drawn to each other. One example on Earth is that some bugs（小虫子）can “walk on water “. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin”stays strong and the water ball will not break.
Water in space acts differently from water on earth in other ways. For example, water will not go down if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws（吸管）in sealed bags. If astronauts cry, the tears will stay on their eyeballs（眼球）instead of falling down.
根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。
1. Why might the astronauts become weak in space?
| A．Because the gravity might stop their bodies growing. |
| B．Because the astronauts might work for long hours. |
| C．Because the astronauts might lose some of their muscles. |
| A．Earth’s gravity. | B．The penguin suit. | C．A running machine and a bicycle. |
| A．冲突 | B．对立 | C．张力 |
| A．It was given 400 kilometers above the Earth. |
| B．It took place in the International Space Station. |
| C．It is one of the ways for the astronauts to do research. |
| A．Eye-opening. | B．Careless. | C．Touching. |
【推荐2】①China’s Tiangong space station can help scientists study space. It is also a place for astronauts to live and work. How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working in the space station?
②For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sports helps astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There is a spin bike, a treadmill and other fitness equipment（健身设备）in the space station. The equipment makes it easy for astronauts to work out.
③Astronauts live in a weightless environment, so they can’t take showers like we do on Earth. Is there a bathroom in the space station? How do they keep themselves clean? Don’t worry! Tiangong has a special bathroom. Astronauts can clean themselves with a wet towel.
④What do astronauts eat in the space station? There is bread and porridge for breakfast. There are also tasty Chinese dishes, like Kung Pao Chicken, fried rice and fried noodles. There is a special “fridge” to store food. The food stays cool in it.
⑤What if astronauts miss their families? There is special communication equipment in the space station. Astronauts can have private（私人的）“sky-to-earth” calls with their families. The astronauts often wear a headset（耳机）. It not only helps them talk with each other, but also makes it possible for them to talk to the ground from any position.
1. How do astronauts keep healthy in space?| A．By keeping a good mood. |
| B．By walking around in space. |
| C．By doing sports in the space station. |
| D．By cooking healthy food themselves. |
| A．They can get a star from the sky. |
| B．They can take a shower like we do. |
| C．They can eat delicious Chinese dishes. |
| D．They can use a cell phone to call their family. |
| A．The special fridge. | B．The private call. |
| C．The communication equipment. | D．The headset. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．Is it difficult to live in space? |
| B．What is the life like in the space station? |
| C．What are astronauts' tasks in space? |
| D．How do astronauts take exercise in space? |
【推荐3】As space science develops, man has learned more and more about space. Space is not only amazing but also dangerous. While working in space, spacemen are facing danger as well as success.
Scientists have found out that the radiation (辐射) is the greatest danger to spacemen in space. When spacemen are working in space, they are in danger of the radiation from the sun and other stars, which is bad for their health.
The harm of the radiation won’t be found until their children even grandchildren are born. Some special medicine may work a little, but no really effective medicine has been found so far.
Space rubbish is also thought to be a great danger to spacemen. It’s reported that there were 9,000 man-made things flying in space. About 30% of these are satellites, 10% are spaceships, and the rest are space rubbish. An explosion (爆炸) in space in 1999 made a cloud of 300, 000 fragment (碎片), each at least 4mm in size. A small piece of these even knocked a spaceship window and caused some damage (损坏).
Scientists are watching and reporting any possible danger all the time. They are working to deal with space rubbish. Although space is really dangerous, it interests many people on the earth.
We may even choose to leave the earth and live in space in a few years. So we should do something to help improve the space environment.
1. The radiation from the sun and other stars is ________.| A．good | B．helpful | C．useful | D．harmful |
| A．spacemen working in space | B．people only on the earth |
| C．all the people except children | D．the old people on the earth |
| A．two | B．three | C．four | D．five |
| A．Scientists have found out ways to solve any problem in space. |
| B．Every one of us can have a travel to space in ten years. |
| C．The harm of the radiation may be found in the spacemen’s children. |
| D．Space is really dangerous, so it doesn’t interest anyone on the earth. |
| A．Space Radiation | B．Space Danger | C．Space Junk | D．Space Travel |
