Why did Chinese people have more than one name in ancient times?
In ancient China, people’s names had three parts, their family name, given name and courtesy name. Take famous poet Li Bai for example. His family name, which came from his father’s name, was Li. His given name was Bai, and his courtesy name was Taibai.
People used their given names when they were among family members. But in social life, they called each other by their courtesy names to show respect. This was mostly done among people of similar age. If you were talking about yourself, or if your elders were talking about you, the given name would be used instead of the courtesy name.
Men would get their courtesy names when they turned 20. It was a symbol of adulthood(成年礼). Women would get their courtesy names after getting married.
One’s courtesy name often had something to do with one’s given name. For example, the name of Mencius was Meng Ke. His courtesy name was Ziyu. Both Ke and Ziyu mean “carriage(马车)”. Zhuge Liang’s given name was Liang, which means “bright”. His courtesy name was Kongming, which means “very bright”.
1. How many parts are there in people’s names in ancient China?| A．3. | B．4. | C．5. |
| A．名 | B．姓氏 | C．字 |
| A．To show their love. | B．To show their respect. | C．To show their kindness. |
| A．The famous poet Li Bai. |
| B．Three parts of ancient names. |
| C．The ancient names and the modern names. |
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【推荐1】Watermelons used to come from Africa where it is hot all year. They grow best in warm temperatures. But could you grow one at the South Pole, the coldest place on Earth? Scientists say yes.
Russian scientists tried an experiment (实验) to grow a watermelon. They work at a Russian research station at the South Pole,though watermelons usually don’t grow in such cold places. So the scientists had to use a greenhouse where they can control the temperature, light and water in it.
The team chose two kinds of watermelons to grow. The fruits are known for their delicious taste and they grow more quickly than other kinds. The scientists used the soil substitute (土壤替代物) instead of the normal soil. Special lighting acted as sunlight. There were no butterflies so scientists had to pollinate (授粉) the plants themselves. Only in this way can the flowers become fruits.
The scientists watched the seedlings grow. It took them 103 days to get watermelons to eat. They got eight watermelons and each weighted about 1 kilogram. The experiment was so successful that it shows watermelons can be grown in the coldest place on the planet.
One scientist said they were all glad. It was like a taste of summer. Watching the seedlings grow made the scientists happy. In fact, the station has grown plants before. Scientists grew vegetables such as cabbage in 2020. And they aren’t stopping with watermelons. Next, they plan to farm other fruits such as blackberries, blueberries and strawberries.
1. Where did Russian scientists grow watermelons?| A．In Africa. | B．At their lab. | C．In a greenhouse. | D．At the North Pole. |
| A．They planted them in the rich soil. | B．They did the butterflies’ work. |
| C．They grew three kinds of them. | D．They controlled the sunlight. |
| A．Young plants. | B．Little animals. | C．Green leaves. | D．Small babies. |
| A．Scientists failed to grow vegetables before. |
| B．Scientists thought they grew the best watermelons. |
| C．Scientists will grow flowers in the station next year. |
| D．Scientists felt satisfied with the results of the experiment. |
| A．What plants Russian scientists are growing. |
| B．How to grow watermelons at the South Pole. |
| C．Which place is the best to grow watermelons. |
| D．Why watermelons can grow in the warmer places. |
【推荐2】Water is the most important in our lives. Not many people understand this but it’s quite true. The human body can go without food for a long time. We’ve got many examples for this. Yet two or three days without water can usually make people die. Man can’t live without water.
Many people don’t understand how much water the human body needs to work well, and many people, especially young people, do not drink enough water, even in very hot weather. About two thirds of our body is water. When we do sports, some of the water will get away from our body. If we don’t drink some water, our body won’t have enough water. And if we don’t drink some water, we’ll feel tired and many of us will get ill. So you know how important water is to us.
But at present we face water crisis(危机). Water is becoming less and less. So, we should protect water resources(资源) and try our best to save water in our daily life. Here are some tips for saving water: 1.Turn off the tap in time. 2. Take shorter showers. 3. Don’t let water run while washing your face and reuse the water after we finish washing. 4. Encourage your friends and neighbours to join in the action of saving water.
根据短文内容，判断句子正（A）误（B）。
1. Nobody can live without water.
2. About one third of our body is water.
3. If one doesn’t have enough water, he’ll feel tired and may get ill.
4. We’d better take longer showers and let water run while washing.
5. It’s our duty to protect water resources and save water.
Everybody has a brain, but not many people know how the brain works. Some people believe that the brain is like the chips (芯片) of a computer. We use it to store files- pictures, language (words, texts, sounds) and so on. Others compare the brain to a huge cupboard with lots of boxes in it. We put information into these boxes and hope to find it again later.
However, our brains are not what we think they are. Look at the picture here. It looks a bit like weeds (野草) in a garden, doesn’t it? The picture actually shows a child’s neocortex (新皮层)—a part of the brain that commands sight and hearing. It decides what we can see and hear. Normally, these “weeds” grow like a network as the child gets older.
What makes them grow? Learning! “Learning changes the brain. Without learning, nothing changes in the brain.” says Professor James Zull.
The more “networks” we grow, the better we can think and the better we remember. You may wonder what you can do to make the networks in your brain grow better, Professor Zull told us that brain changes most strongly when a) you are interested in and like what you are learning, b) you are in control of what you learn, and c) you get challenging tasks that make you think hard. Understanding a challenging task makes you feel good and develops your brain.
1. What’s the main idea of the 1st paragraph?| A．The brain is a tantastic computer. | B．Our brain is a growing system. |
| C．How to make your brain stronger. | D．What people believe about the brain. |
| A．use | B．protect | C．control | D．destroy |
| A．Learning makes our neuronal networks grow. |
| B．Seeing a challenging task develops our brain, |
| C．We remember better when things are easy. |
| D．There’s nothing we can do to make us smarter. |
| A．Our brain is neither like a chip nor a cupboard. |
| B．Your brain will change as long as you get older. |
| C．The more we learn, the more “networks” grow. |
| D．Challenging tasks can make our brain grow better. |
| A．Interest makes brains strong | B．Learning is brain change |
| C．Never too late to learn | D．The importance of the brains |
【推荐1】Wu Ming, a 27-year-old German, is a big fan of Chinese culture, like the Shaolin kung fu. He has been learning TCM — traditional Chinese medicine since 2016. Now he is studying at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
As he thought some illnesses can’t be treated well with Western medicine, he decided to study TCM. Wu came to Henan Province in 2015, where the TCM culture can be enjoyed because Henan Province is the hometown of Zhang Zhongjing. After learning the Chinese language for one year, he started to learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is one of the best parts in Chinese culture,” said Wu. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture by learning TCM.
Studying TCM also changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to spend much time playing computer games and stay up late every night, lost himself in this fast-paced but unhealthy lifestyle. But now, according to the Yin-Yang theory (理论) in TCM, he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing good habits such as drinking tea and sitting silently, as well as reading ancient books.
Wu also makes use of what he has learned to help his family. Acupuncture (针灸) tools and Chinese medicine were welcomed when he went back to his home in Germany. With acupuncture and Chinese-style massages, many physical health problems of his families have been solved. Now, he always provides his family with some advice about staying healthy after he checks their tongues (舌头) online. Over time, his family began to understand his passion about TCM.
In Wu’s opinion, there’s no big difference between China and Western countries. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after university, which could serve as a bridge between the two countries and make TCM and its culture known by more people.
1. It can be learned from the passage that Wu ________.| A．has learned kung fu for six years | B．likes Western medicine better |
| C．is studying TCM in Henan | D．has trouble in learning Chinese |
| A．changes | B．experiences | C．achievements | D．challenges |
| A．wonder | B．joy | C．satisfaction | D．love |
| A．make more money | B．make TCM more popular |
| C．lead a healthier life | D．develop his medical skills |
【推荐2】Have you ever seen art in a cup of tea? Dian cha is a tea art form from the Song Dynasty. To create it, pour water over tea to make tea paste(糊), and then add more hot water while whisking(搅打)it with a bamboo whisk. It’s believed that the art later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan.
According to a 40-year-old Shanghai designer Han Zheming, dian cha is like adding something to tea, making drinking tea more fun. Han has been interested in dian cha since childhood. After graduating from a university in 2006, Han found that fewer and fewer people knew about dian cha, so he tried to revive the art form. He says that during the process(过程) of dian cha, the froth(泡沫) is similar to paper, while the tea paste is like ink(墨水). But “drawing” on the tea froth is not easy. “When it comes to traditional paintings, it is about the soft brush against the hard paper, but with the tea, it is the other way around,” Han said. “It’s the hard teaspoon against the soft froth.”
To spread dian cha culture, Han shared the process of tea-whisking and drawing on websites, including Xiaohongshu, Bilibili, and Douyin, drawing more than 20,000 followers.
Speaking about his understanding of this tea art, Han said it’s “to make it beautiful” rather than change the nature of tea. “As well as poems, handwriting, and paintings that were created back then, I want more people to understand the tools and methods used by people to drink tea and the reasons behind the ways they prepared tea,” he explained.
1. What is dian cha?| A．A type of traditional tea art. | B．A kind of tea from Japan. |
| C．An art of picking tea leaves. | D．A method for making tea paste. |
| A．Ink. | B．Paper. | C．A brush. | D．A spoon. |
| A．建立 | B．改变 | C．创作 | D．复兴 |
| A．To sell more tea products. | B．To attract more followers. |
| C．To spread dian cha culture. | D．To teach people to drink tea. |
【推荐3】Last year, I went to Italy as an exchange student. Before leaving, I asked my mother what gifts I should take to the teachers and the students there. Mom said that the Chinese fan was a good choice, for China is praised as “the Fan Kingdom”. I couldn’t agree more, because it is more than a tool for cooling. It’s also an important part of Chinese culture.
I went shopping and bought three kinds of Chinese fans. The first kind was the feather fan for the teachers which was made of bird feathers. It was the symbol of Zhuge Liang, a very smart man in ancient China. The fans I bought for the girls were silk fans. They were also called “round silk fans”. Fans of this kind were made of silk with paintings of beautiful women, birds or flowers. They were very popular with women of all ages. As for the boys, I picked the folding fans from Rongchang, a place in the west Chongqing. The folding fans were made of paper and bamboo and there were great paintings and calligraphy on them.
At the welcome party in Italy, my new teachers and classmates were all excited to get the wonderful fans. And they were even more excited after learning about the stories and cultural behind them.
1. The writer went to ltaly for ________ last year.| A．learning | B．traveling | C．teaching | D．shopping |
| A．Dazu | B．Rongchang | C．Tongliang | D．Wulong |
| A．made of paper and bamboo | B．called “round silk fans” |
| C．made of feather | D．which can be folded |
| A．The writer could disagree with her mom | B．The writer couldn’t agree with her mom at all |
| C．The writer agreed with her mom completely | D．The writer disagreed with her mom completely |
| A．humorous | B．surprising | C．serious | D．proud |
【推荐1】Flu (流感) easily spreads from one person to another. If you are weak, you probably catch flu easily. Do you know how you can avoid flu? Here are some suggestions:
Keep in good health
You can eat everything you want but make sure that your diet is healthy. The healthier you are, the better it is for you to avoid any type of illness around. Most doctors suggest drinking lots of fresh fruit juice and water is helpful to avoid flu.
Stay away from people with flu
If a member of a family or a friend has flu, stay away from him/her until he/she is well. Flu is very communicable. If you stay with the person with flu, you can catch flu easily. Wear a mask (口罩) and avoid using things that the person with flu is using.
Exercise
Exercising will make you stronger, which means a stronger immune system (免疫系统), too. Exercise often so that your body will keep healthy. It doesn’t matter what kind of exercise it is.
Be happy
Happy people are healthy people. Their life isn’t stressed out, so they may be safe from illness. If you are unhappy, you will easily get sick.
Avoiding the flu is easy. Just strength (加强) your immune system and it will take care of the rest.
1. How many suggestions are talked about in the passage?| A．Three. | B．Four. | C．Five. | D．Six. |
| A．有效的 | B．无效的 | C．致命的 | D．传染的 |
| A．Exercise often. | B．Eat junk food. | C．Be happy. | D．Wear a mask. |
| A．How to Avoid Flu | B．How to Keep in Good Health |
| C．How to Exercise | D．How to Be Happy |
【推荐2】It may be really hard to tell others that you’re feeling sad or worried. If you keep these feelings in your heart, you may even fall ill at last.
If you talk with your parents or friends, you may feel better. But if a kid doesn’t want to talk with his or her dad or mom, what should he or she do? It’s better to find another trusty (可信的) adult, like a teacher at school.
If you think it’s difficult for you to say what you think, write it down on a piece of paper. If the person can’t understand what you mean right away, try to say it in a different way or give an example.
Some kids may feel shy about sharing their feelings. But it’s important to share feelings when they need help.
1. We may feel ________ if we keep bad feelings in heart.| A．worried | B．shy | C．disappointed | D．frightened |
| A．our trusty teacher |
| B．our parents |
| C．a strange adult |
| D．our trusty uncle |
| A．Let others guess. |
| B．Keep them as secrets (秘密). |
| C．Ask a friend to speak for you. |
| D．Writer them down on a piece of paper. |
| A．Sad feelings may make people fall ill. |
| B．We can talk about our feelings with our teachers. |
| C．It’s better to share our feelings when we need help. |
| D．We can just go away when others can’t understand us. |
| A．share feelings |
| B．keep happy |
| C．talk with others |
| D．change their feeling |
【推荐3】GIY stands for “grow it yourself” and is about a new fashion for growing your own food. There are a lot of reasons why growing your own food is a good idea. GIY helps reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (排放物). Food in supermarkets travels a long way and that produces a lot of CO2. If you grow as many vegetables as you can at home, you can help save the earth.
Vegetables you grow are also good for your health because they have more nutrients than supermarket vegetables and they don’t have chemicals.
How much money can you save? First of all, seeds are a lot cheaper than vegetables, and secondly, you can save more by planting the most expensive and the most productive (多产的) vegetables. You can give your vegetables to friends and neighbors. It can make you very popular.
Don’t worry if you don’t have much space. To GIY, you don’t even need a garden. You can use pots on your balconies (阳台). And don’t worry if your space doesn’t get much sun. You can plant vegetables that don’t need a lot of sun to grow.
Grow your own vegetables now. You will have both a healthier body and a healthier social life.
1. Food at supermarkets produces a lot of CO2 because of ________.| A．growing | B．collection | C．transportation | D．sun |
| A．Some seeds. | B．A garden. | C．Some chemicals. | D．Some water. |
| A．all vegetables need a lot of sun to grow | B．vegetables from supermarkets must be a little cheaper |
| C．we can plant vegetables on our balconies | D．the plants on the balconies need enough sun |
| A．Saving Money | B．Growing Vegetables Yourself |
| C．Saving the Earth | D．Buying Some Seeds |
