For thousands of years, humans have explored (探索) the Earth. Nowadays, we are exploring space. Astronomers are the modern-day explorers. Now, many astronomers are looking for new planets and new places for humans to live in the future. But where do astronomers start exploring?
First of all, astronomers look for a star. That’s because our own Earth moves around a star—the Sun. More importantly, it is neither too far from nor too near to the Sun for heat and light. So when astronomers have found the star, they look at the planets around it. In recent years, astronomers have found nearly 400 new planets with stars. However, many of these planets are either too near to the star or too far away.
However, if the planet is in a good place, astronomers look for three key things: water, air and rock (岩石). Water is the most important because all life needs water. Humans can drink it and they can also grow plants with water. And plants produce air for humans to breathe and food to eat. Rock on a planet is also important. That’s because there is often water under the rock.
After many years of exploring, astronomers have found a planet like the Earth. It’s Gliese 581g and it’s near a star. The astronomers think it has water and rock and the temperature is between -31℃ and -12℃. That’s cold, but not colder than Antarctica or the Arctic Circle, for example, Gliese 581g is bigger than the Earth. A year on Gliese 581g is only 37 Earth days, not 365 Earth days. But astronomers do not think these are big differences and some of them think Gliese 581g will be a new Earth. However, Gliese 581g is twenty light years from the Earth.
1. How do astronomers discover a new planet for humans to live on? Choose the right order.a. Astronomers look for three key things.
b. Astronomers look for and find a right star.
c. Astronomers look at the planets around the star.
A.a-b-c. | B.b-a-c. | C.b-c-a. | D.c-a-b. |
A.Water. | B.Air. | C.Rock. | D.Food. |
A.the Earth | B.Gliese 581g | C.the Sun | D.Gliese |
A.37 | B.365 | C.10 | D.15 |
A.Gliese 581g is already a new Earth. |
B.There are some planets like our Earth. |
C.Water, air and rock are important. |
D.Astronomers are looking for a new Earth. |
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【推荐1】All the planets in the solar system go around the sun. There are eight planets in the solar system. Years ago, there were nine planets. Ever since Pluto (冥王星) was demoted (使降级), we’ve had just eight planets.
Some scientists have studied the farthest reaches(研究)of our solar system. They believe there might be another planet out there. They call it Planet Nine. What would Planet Nine be like? Scientists believe it could be about three times larger and ten times heavier than the earth.
If Planet Nine is out there, why haven’t we found it yet? Scientists are still reaching for it because it’s so far away. They believe it could take Planet Nine as long as 20,000 years to go around the Sun. Scientists also think Planet Nine could be as much as 10,000 times darker than Pluto.
It is very difficult to search for such a dark planet in the whole solar system. Could our solar system have a ninth planet? We hope to know the answer in the near future.
1. From the first paragraph, we can know Pluto .A.goes around the Earth |
B.was a planet years ago |
C.was not demoted |
A.three times larger than the sun |
B.out of the solar system |
C.ten times heavier than the earth |
A.it’s far and dark |
B.it doesn’t go around the sun |
C.it’s large and heavy |
A.scientists are still reaching for Planet Nine |
B.it is easy to search for such a dark planet |
C.our solar system can’t have a ninth planet |
A.Solar System | B.Dark Pluto | C.Planet Nine |
【推荐2】The 2022 Winter Olympics were held successfully. Athletes across the world came to Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Winter sports need to be in cold places. So, is it possible to hold the Winter Olympics on other planets?
Mercury水星
It’s the closest planet to the Sun. In the daytime, the temperature can be 430℃. At night it cools down to -200℃. There’s one area that the Sun can never reach. There’s lots of ice there. Maybe we could go speed skating there!
Mars 火星
The temperature on Mars is between -140℃ and 30℃. At the north and south poles of Mars, there are areas covered by ice and snow. Some of the ice is made of carbon dioxide, not water. There is also a big mountain called Mount Olympus. So maybe we can ski on Mars!
Pluto 冥王星
Pluto is a dwarf planet(矮行星) far away from the Sun. It’s very cold there, about -229℃. There’s lots of ice. It’s even harder than steel(钢铁). So maybe we could go sledding(滑雪橇) on Pluto.
1. Which planet is the nearest to the Sun?A.Pluto. | B.Mars. | C.Mercury. | D.Earth. |
A.430℃ | B.30℃ | C.-200℃ | D.-140℃ |
A.Because some areas are covered by ice and snow. |
B.Because some of the ice on Mars is made of water. |
C.Because of the highest temperature on Mars. |
D.Because of the highest mountain on Mars. |
A.very cold only in the daytime | B.very cold all day and all night |
C.very hot in the night | D.very hot in the daytime |
【推荐3】Scientists have long believed that there is a black hole in the center of our galaxy(星系), the Milky Way. But last Thursday, scientists released the first image(画像) ever of this black hole. The scientists hope the image will help them learn more about black holes and how they work.
All the stars you see in the night sky are part of our galaxy. And in the center of our galaxy is a black hole. It’s called Sagittarius (人马座) A.
A black hole is a place where matter is so dense that the pull of its gravity(引力) is very, very strong. The gravity from a black hole is so strong that even light cannot get away from it.
The scientists actually take a picture of its shadow and the ring of light around the hole called the “event horizon(视界)”. It’s between the hole and the light that is beyond the pull of the hole’s gravity.
The scientists responsible for the picture of the black hole are part of a group called the Event Horizon Telescope project. About 300 scientists in 20 countries have been working on the project for over 12 years.
The telescope the scientists use isn’t really a telescope, but several large radio telescopes around the world. This allows the scientists to later use computers to process the radio signals from the telescopes into a single image.
Sagittarius A is much closer than many other black holes in space, since it’s in our own galaxy. However, it’s changing very rapidly. One scientist described getting a good image of it as “like trying to take a clear picture of a dog quickly chasing its tail”.
The information for the picture of Sagittarius A was collected at the same time. But it took far longer to process the information to create the new image.
Now the scientists have successfully captured the image!
1. What is Sagittarius A according to the passage?A.All the parts of our galaxy. | B.One of the stars in the night sky. |
C.The center of our solar system. | D.A black hole in our galaxy. |
A.遥远的 | B.密集的 | C.古老的 | D.稀薄的 |
A.They took the picture of the black hole directly. |
B.It took them a lot of time and effort to get the image. |
C.They actually processed lots of radio signals into one image. |
D.They have been working on the project for over 12 years. |
A.Scientists’ new study about our galaxy. | B.Facts about black holes and how they work. |
C.First picture of the Milky Way’s black hole. | D.Event Horizon Telescope project. |
【推荐1】Horse racing is a popular sport and social event in many countries, including Australia and the United States. Usually on a Saturday or Sunday, people go to a big grassy field and watch jockeys ride horses around a track(跑道).
An annual event in England is different from other races, thanks to some very special guests. The Royal Ascot(英国皇家赛马会)is held in June of each year. The British Royal Family always attend this race.
Jockeys, horse trainers and horse owners can win lots of money. In 2016, the total prize money for five days of racing at Royal Ascot was nearly 58 million yuan. That means the races are very competitive.
But while the races are important, a lot of attention is given to what people are wearing. The dress code(着装要求)is very strict. Ladies’ dresses must not show their stomachs or shoulders, while men must wear grey or black suits and top hats. However, this doesn’t stop people getting very creative with their outfits and wearing strange and wonderful hats.
Not every horse race is as big and fancy as this one, though. Most big cities have horse racing, but even people from small country towns in Australia enjoy going to the races.
An Australia country race day is much relaxed than the one at Royal Ascot, but it is still among the biggest social events of the year. It is a fun place to meet friends, listen to live music, enjoy some food and drink and watch some races.
1. Why is Royal Ascot different from other horse racing?A.Because it’s a popular sport and social event. |
B.Because it’s usually held on a weekend. |
C.Because people can watch it on a grassy field. |
D.Because there are some special guests who come to watch it. |
a. Jockeys. b. Horse trainers. c. Horse owners. d. Organizers.
A.abc | B.bcd | C.acd | D.abd |
A.服装 | B.外貌 | C.妆容 | D.外套 |
A.It’s boring. | B.It’s expensive. | C.It’s enjoyable. | D.It’s educational. |
A.Horse racing is a popular sport and social event in many countries. |
B.Little attention is given to what people are wearing during the horse racing. |
C.The Royal Ascot is big and fancy. |
D.The Royal Ascot is held once a year in England. |
【推荐2】Have you ever been told a lie? Did you believe it and then tell someone else, without realizing it wasn’t true? Thanks to social media, this is happening more and more in today’s world. It is known as fake news. It became a big problem during the US presidential election(选举). People were posting untrue stories on the internet about Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Thousands of people were sharing them, thinking they were true. People think it must be true if so many people have shared it. It isn’t just politics where it happens though. Shopping advertisements, celebrity gossip(流言), and even local news from your city can be fake news. Perhaps you or one of your friends has shared fake news in WeChat friend circle?
But how can you tell if it’s real or fake? Spotting fake news can actually be very easy. First of all, “just because it’s on the internet, it doesn’t make it true,” according to CNN’s AJ Willingham. He says there are different kinds of fake news. Some are designed by some websites. Some news has untrue headlines or pictures. These things tease(引诱) people and make them click on the link to the story.
Communications expert Melissa said that everyone should think carefully about what they read. Anyone can be fooled by fake news. “This doesn’t only happen to old people,” she told CNN, “Even the early education should be teaching about communication, media and the internet. Growing up with the internet doesn’t necessarily mean you are internet savvy.(有常识的)”
1. What does the underline word “ fake” in the second paragraph mean?A.good | B.bad | C.latest | D.unreal |
A.lots of people had shared the stories |
B.there were no fake news in politics |
C.the two people are famous |
D.the stories were from local newspapers |
A.it’s hard to spot fake news on the internet |
B.news on the internet is not always true |
C.politicians don’t spread news on the internet |
D.it’s better not to use the internet |
A.Only older people need to think carefully about what they read. |
B.It’s better to learn about media and the internet from a young age. |
C.Young people are hardly fooled by fake news. |
D.Everyone should learn about communication methods. |
【推荐3】What will our life be like in 50 years? No one knows the answer exactly (确切地), but we are sure that it will be very different from the life today. My brother Jill White makes some predictions. Here are some of his ideas.
First, people will have less work to do, and robots will do most work. People will use robots to make cars, do housework, look after sick (生病的) people and teach students. People will spend most of their time playing sports and traveling. So people will become stronger and healthier, and they will live to be about 200 years old.
Second, cars will become very small and computers will control (控制) their speed (速度). So there will be fewer accidents (事故) on the road. Planes will be very popular, and most people would like to take them to travel.
Third, people will be able to live in the sea, on the moon or on Mars (火星). The earth won’t be crowded or noisy. So there will be much space for people to plant trees. There will be less pollution, and the air will become much fresher.
Finally, water shortage (短缺) will become one of the most serious problems. If people don’t save water now, there will be water wars (战争) in 50 years.
1. Why does Jill White think people will have less work to do in 50 years?A.Because robots will do most work. |
B.Because people will become lazy. |
C.Because people’s servants will help them with their work. |
A.by bike | B.by car | C.by plane |
A.people won’t need to work |
B.computers will control the cars’ speed |
C.the earth will become crowded and noisy |
A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. |
A.the cars | B.the life | C.the robots |