Have you heard the latest buzz (蜂鸣)? Bumblebees have. According to a new study, trends can pass through a bumblebee colony (族群) as bees watch and copy one another’s behavior. This means the bees have a culture, which is a set of shared behaviors animals learn from one another. People once thought humans were the only species to develop cultures, but some animals have also been found to have this ability.
A research team from the UK set up puzzle boxes that offered a sweet-tasting reward when opened. “Demonstrator” (演示者) bees were taught to open the boxes by pushing a red tab or a blue tab. Some “Observer” (观察者) bees saw the demonstrator bees open the boxes, while other bees were not allowed to watch before trying to open the boxes themselves.
The group of bees that had watched a demonstrator were able to open the puzzle boxes about 28 times a day, while the other group opened them only once a day. The observer bees almost always used the same method as the demonstrators did. For example, those who watched a bee open a box using the red tab almost always pushed the red tab as well.
“Some of them would play around with the box and find another way but they still would return really strongly to the demonstrator’s preferred behavior,” Alice Bridges, the lead author of the study, told The Washington Post. She said the bees were developing “a local trend”.
Even when the researchers allowed groups of bees to see both methods, each group soon developed its own trend. A skill was passed along as new bees learned from more experienced bees. After several days, one colony came to prefer the “blue method” while the other almost always chose the “red method”.
“The fact that bees can watch and learn, and then make a habit of that behavior, adds to the fact that they are far smarter creatures (生物) than a lot of people have thought,” said study co-author Lars Chittka.
1. How does the scientists explain their findings about the bumblebees?A.By introducing some rules. |
B.By listing a lot of numbers. |
C.By mentioning achievements in others’ studies. |
D.By making comparisons in different experiments. |
A.A bumble bee colony. | B.The blue method. |
C.A set of shared behaviors. | D.The red method. |
A.A Recent Study on Different Bees |
B.A Culture among Bumblebees |
C.How do Bumblebees Make a Buzz |
D.Why Bumblebees Live as a Colony |
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For many animals, an island can be a great place to live. Water all around keeps big predators away. But islands have their own dangers. Food and water are limited. A storm or volcano can easily wipe out a whole population or change the land in big ways. If a predator (like cats or rats) does arrive, there’s no escape. These challenges can cause island animals to evolve (进化) quite differently from their mainland ancestors (祖先). So, islands around the world are home to rare species found nowhere else.
The Galápagos are a group of small volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean, 600 miles (966km) west of Ecuador. When these islands first erupted (喷发) from the sea, they were empty of life. Over time, plant seeds blew or drifted there. Birds arrived, bringing more seeds. Tortoises and iguanas (鬣蜥) floated over on logs.
When scientist Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos in 1835, he noticed something interesting. Many of the islands had similar animals—iguanas, land tortoises, small birds. But these animals were a bit different on each island. On one island, birds called finches had long, narrow beaks —right for catching bugs. But on the next island, the finches had short, strong beaks. That island had more seeds, and fewer bugs. Each type of finch had a beak that matched the most common food on its island. He found similar differences in the tortoises and iguanas.
After thinking about this for many years, Darwin’s observations led him to a startling new idea. He realized that each family of animals probably shared a common ancestor—the original birds or turtles who flew or drifted there. Gradually, as they spread to different islands, the young with traits that best suited the food on that island did better. But since each island was different, the birds or turtles on each island evolved slightly different traits. He called this idea “natural selection”.
Darwin’s idea explained more than just the Galápagos. It also explains why islands are so often home to unusual animals. Islands separate animals from others of their kind and present them with new challenges. Those animals that do best on an island many not be the same ones who did best on the mainland. So over time, they become different.
1. The writing purpose of this passage is ________.A.to introduce the form of the Galápagos | B.to tell a story about Charles Darwin |
C.to explain the importance of the environment | D.to discover the secrets of island animals |
This is often the way plants and animals come and live on islands.
A.Paragraph 1 | B.Paragraph 2 | C.Paragraph 3 | D.Paragraph 4 |
A.It proved islands are the perfect home to different animals. |
B.It was used to describe some special animals the Galápagos. |
C.It announced the result of the research on certain island animals. |
D.It was named after the islands where Darwin formed his discovery. |
A.Mainland animals never evolve for there are fewer dangers around. |
B.Big island animals can get smaller since they have limited food on islands. |
C.Darwin first mistook different finches for totally unrelated kinds of animals. |
D.The Galápagos were considered as a natural laboratory to do special research. |
【推荐2】Born at the Beijing Zoo, China’s giant panda Yaya was taken to the Memphis Zoo in Tennessee, the United States in 2003 for a research project. In December 2022, the Memphis Zoo announced (宣布) that it would return Yaya to China. After finishing her 20-year loan period (租借期), China’s giant panda Yaya finally returned home from the US on April 27, 2023.
In January, visitors in the Memphis Zoo found that Yaya became bony, making many Chinese and animal lovers abroad worried about her health and life quality at the Memphis Zoo. China prepared to welcome back Yaya and experts from the Beijing Zoo arrived in the US in March to learn about her habits and feeding situation from the zoo staff members. Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said that the quarantine (检疫) and feeding places for Yaya were ready along with her feeding plans and medical care.
The news that Yaya is coming back to China has cheered up millions of Chinese people. By April 9, a topic about Yaya had received 250 million views. “Come home soon, YaYa. I’ll go to see you in the zoo even if I have to queue all day long!” an Internet user commented (评论) on Sina Weibo.
On April 27, Yaya arrived in Shanghai. Groups of people rushed to the airport to welcome Yaya. During the quarantine in Shanghai, the zoo prepared enough bamboo and foods for Yaya. Experts and carers took care of her 24 hours a day there. Yaya’s health was in stable (稳定的) condition. After finishing the quarantine, Yaya was safely transported to the Beijing Zoo on May 29. The giant panda, Yaya will spend her late years there and won’t meet the public recently.
1. When did Yaya return home from the US?A.On April 7, 2003. | B.On April 7, 2022. | C.On April 27, 2023. |
A.Quite lively. | B.Terribly thin. | C.Too fat. |
A.To make feeding plans for Yaya. |
B.To provide medical care for Yaya. |
C.To learn about Yaya’s habits and feeding situation. |
A.He felt ashamed when he heard the news. |
B.He was surprised when he heard the news. |
C.He jumped for joy when he heard the news. |
A.Yaya was looked after well in Shanghai. |
B.Yaya will spend the rest of her life in Shanghai. |
C.Yaya will meet the public in Beijing soon. |
【推荐3】Climate change (气候变化) has brought a serious warning to the living areas of the Siberian crane, increasing the need to better protect the birds and their migratory channels (迁徙路径), an expert said.
The Siberian crane breeds (繁殖) in northeast Siberia in Russia and flies to Poyang Lake for the winter in East China’s Jiangxi Province. About 95 percent of the birds spend the season in Poyang.
Qian Fawen, a research professor from the National Bird Banding Center of China, said that Poyang’s water levels decide whether it is suitable for the birds to live there. However, climate change has made the levels change often. “In some years, the lake experiences floods; in others, it experiences droughts. Both of these situations create food shortages in the cranes’ living area,” he said.
The Siberian crane is listed as seriously endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List. “We need to protect their living area, which is mainly wetland, so that we can protect them,” Qian said.
In the recently announced National Action Plan for the Protection of Bird Migration Channels (2021-35), 1, 140 places in China were considered as important breeding grounds, wintering grounds and staying stops, including Poyang and the Yellow River wetland in Ningxia. The plan said that the government should watch and count the number of migratory birds and pay farmers for losses caused by the birds.
Since China joined the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1992, it has designated (指定) 202,600 hectares of wetland as Wetlands of International Importance. They store and clean water, keep all kinds of living things, help store floods and prevent droughts. According to a plan announced by the central government in October, by 2025, China will have protected 55 percent of its wetlands.
After the Wetlands Protection Law, the nation’s first law to protect wetlands, was introduced on June 1, 2022, complete protection was strengthened. The law clearly explained what the government should do and introduced strict punishment for people who destroy wetland areas. It limits building at important national wetlands and it doesn’t allow harmful activities, including using them as farmlands, leaving wastewater everywhere, harvesting and fishing too much.
Key nature reserve management offices in China have reported more birds wintering in the nation’s wetlands, including some new rare kinds. ▲
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 to Paragraph 4?A.About 95 percent of the Siberian cranes spend their winter in Poyang Lake. |
B.Climate change has little influence on the Siberian cranes’ living area in Poyang. |
C.The Siberian cranes will live in Poyang all year round if the wetland is protected. |
D.Water levels decide that Poyang Lake isn’t suitable for the Siberian cranes to live. |
①building houses ②making farmlands ③limiting fishing
④leaving wastewater ⑤watching birds
A.①③ | B.②④ | C.③⑤ | D.②⑤ |
A.The problem the Siberian cranes face and the ways people protect wetlands. |
B.The reason why the Siberian cranes migrate and the place they usually stay in. |
C.The importance of protecting the Siberian cranes and the result it will lead to. |
D.The loss of wetlands and the actions that have already been taken to help them. |
A.People have done something to protect wetlands. |
B.The number of the birds has increased in wetlands. |
C.Experts will go on to do other research on wetlands. |
D.The government will make more laws to protect wetlands. |
【推荐1】Why are dogs our best friends. Maybe because they can understand our words much better than we thought, according to a study in Hungary. It found that dogs understand not only what we say, but also how we say it.
“The results were very exciting and very surprising.” Said the researcher Attila Andies, from Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest.
For the study, the researchers first trained 13 dogs for months. The dogs had to sit quietly inside machine, so that the researchers could check their activity.
Then the researcher put headphones on dogs and played people’s voice to them. There were four different voice. Some were positive words,such as “well down”, or neutral(不带感情色彩的) words like “however”. The words were also in different tones(音调). Some were positive and some were neutral.
Brain scans(扫描)showed that the dogs could recognize(辨认)words, as well as the tone of words, much like people do. The positive words with a positive tone brought the stronger activity in their brain’s reward centers(反应中枢).
“It shows that for dogs, a nice phrase can work very well as a prize, but it works best if both words and tones match.” Said Andies.
They also found that dogs deal with meaningful words with the left side of the brain and tones with the right. Human brains work in the same way.
It gave us a new understanding of language,said Andies. That is, not only do humans understand the meaning in words, other species(物种)do too.
根据短文内容,选择最佳选项,并在答题卡上将选定的答案字母标号涂黑。
1. What was found according to the study in Hungary?________
A.Dogs can’t understand people words. |
B.Dogs can only understand what we say. |
C.Dogs can understand what we thought better than our words. |
D.Dogs understand not only what we say, but also how we say it. |
A.Researchers played with the dogs. | B.Researchers made dogs sit inside machine. |
C.Researchers scanned the dogs’ brain. | D.Researchers played people’s voice to the dogs. |
A.neutral words with a neutral tone. | B.neutral words with a positive tone. |
C.positive words with neutral tone | D.positive words with positive tone |
A.Human brains don’t work in the same way as dogs do. |
B.Dogs deal with meaningful words with the left side of the brain. |
C.The researchers trained dogs for years to check their brain activity. |
D.Researcher Attila Andies was disappointed at the result of the study. |
A.Dogs are as clever as humans. | B.Dogs are good at learning human’s language. |
C.Dogs can understand the meaning in words. | D.Dogs can do what human do. |
【推荐2】Studies show that laugh is good for our health and may even be the best medicine.
A newspaper reported that Dr. Miller measured the blood flow of 20 healthy people before and after they watched two different movies—Saving Private Ryan (a war movie) and Kingpin (a comedy). The results were opposite. He found that their blood flow decreased during the war movie and increased during the comedy. As we know, exercise can make blood flow increase. Dr. Miller pointed out that laugh might be almost as healthy as exercise.
Dr. Wei Jiang of Duke University studied over 1000 heart failure patients. He discovered that those who often felt sad had a 44% higher risk of death. In other words, being happy is good for our heart and helps us live longer.
The studies show that laugh is important for us to keep healthy. And it is free and has no bad effect. Many doctors today encourage patients to laugh. Some hospitals even have comedy rooms with TV comedy channels. And they believe the best way to live a long, happy and healthy life is to have a good diet, exercise regularly and add in a few laughs every day.
1. What does Dr. Miller believe according to the passage?A.It is not good for our health if our blood flow is fast. | B.Laugh, just like exercise, can make our body healthy. |
C.Exercise can make us feel happier. | D.We shouldn't watch war movies. |
A.稳定 | B.上升 | C.增高 | D.下降 |
A.heart failure patients who were unhappy might have a large chance of death. |
B.most patients wouldn't die if they laughed several times a day. |
C.being happy or unhappy had nothing to do with the health. |
D.people who often felt sad would get heart disease. |
A.they don't have enough medicine |
B.they want their patients to laugh more and recover soon |
C.patients like to live in these rooms |
D.they want to earn more money. |
A.Don't watch war movies any more. |
B.Being happy is good for our heart. |
C.Laugh is good for our health and may even be the best medicine. |
D.Laugh is free and has no effect on people's health. |
【推荐3】Day by day, you are not a child any more. You become a stronger adult (成年人) as time goes by. But do you know what happens inside your body when you are growing up?
An adult has 206 bones (骨头), but a baby is born with around 99 more bones than an adult. Many of the bones are mainly made of cartilage (软骨). As a person grows, the cartilage in his or her body grows, too. Over time, most of it slowly turns into hard bones with the help of calcium (钙). This is called ossification (骨化). Ossification usually finishes when you are more than twenty. At that point, your bones are as big as they’ll ever be. Then your bones will grow much slower, or even stop growing.
Many of you want to grow tall, but do you know how you can grow tall before your bones stop growing? Here is some helpful advice for you.
•Pay attention to what you are eating. Have a lot of fruit and vegetables every day. Fruit and vegetables are rich in vitamins (维他命) and have little fat. Drink milk every day. Kids need calcium to have strong bones, and milk is rich in it.
•Have enough sleep. As we all know, sleep is very important to us. If we don’t have enough sleep at night, we may lose the chance of growing taller.
•Enjoy the sunshine. People can get vitamin D from sunshine. It can help our bones grow better.
1. How many bones is a baby born with?A.About one hundred and one bones. |
B.About two hundred and six bones. |
C.Around three hundred and five bones. |
D.Around four hundred bones. |
A.The cartilage. | B.The body. | C.The adult. | D.The baby. |
A.Ossification makes bones become softer. |
B.Ossification needs calcium. |
C.Ossification makes teenagers grow slower. |
D.Ossification finishes when people are 18. |
A.To tell us how to lose weight. |
B.To tell us how to grow tall quickly. |
C.To tell different kinds of healthy food. |
D.To tell us the way of growing tall. |
【推荐1】Each year, we celebrate (庆祝)many holidays here in America. On January 1st, we welcome the coming of a new year like many people in other countries. And we have another four holidays on the first day of a month: April Fool's Day, May Day, Friendship Day ( Aug. 1st ) and Grandparents Day ( Sept. 1st ).
The most important holiday for the young people comes in February. It is Valentine's Day. Lots of boys give red roses to girls as a present.
People celebrate some holidays for their family members. We say thanks to our mother in May and celebrate Father's Day in the following(接下来的)month. In November many people return home for Thanksgiving Day, so the whole family can get together.
There are also some interesting holidays for children. For example, Halloween comes at the end of October. Children often play with pumpkin lanterns(南瓜灯)and put on all kinds of masks(面具).
Of course, the most important festival is Christmas. After a year of work and study, people can enjoy a long holiday, eat big meals, and visit families and friends.
1. What is the most important holiday for the young people?A.Thanksgiving Day. | B.Christmas Day. |
C.Valentine’s Day. | D.New Year’s Day. |
A.in May | B.in April. | C.in June | D.in July |
A.children | B.mothers | C.fathers | D.grandparents |
A.Four. | B.Five. | C.Six. | D.Seven. |
【推荐2】When animals and plants use color to be noticed, it is called advertising coloration (着色). Advertising coloration can be used to either warn or attract animals.
The bright colors of flowers and berries are advertising coloration that attract animals. Flowers need to be pollinated (授粉) to reproduce. Bees and hummingbirds are attracted to bright colors and will pollinate the flowers. Some pollinated plants will produce berries. These berries will turn a bright color when they are ripe. The bright color lets berry-eating birds know the fruit is sweet and safe to eat. After birds eat the berries, the seeds will pass through their digestive system and be left behind. Some of the seeds left behind will grow into new plants!
Color is also used to attract mates (配偶). Many male birds like the northern cardinal are brightly colored to attract females. Bright feathers can be a sign of how healthy the bird is! Female birds are naturally attracted to healthier males because their offspring will be healthier. And they can raise little ones more easily. Female birds are often less colorful. This helps hide them when they are nesting.
Advertising coloration is also used to warn animals away. The ladybug has bright orange wings with black spots. Its coloring warns meat-eating animals that the ladybug tastes awful. The striped skunk (带条纹的臭鼬) has white stripes that are a warning to meat-eating animals that they may be in for an unpleasant surprise if they try to attack.
Some animals, like the red-eyed tree frog, may scare enemies away with their color. Red-eyed tree frogs sleep during the day. If a meat-eating animal comes up to them and they open their eyes, the bright red color of their eyes might shock the animal long enough to give the red-eyed tree frog time to hop away to safety.
1. Go through the passage and figure out the structure of the passage.A. | B. | C. | D. |
a. Birds eat the berries. b. Seeds grow into new plants.
c. Some plants produce berries. d. Bees pollinate the flowers.
e. These berries turn a bright color. f. The flowers have bright colors.
A.a→b→f→e→d→c | B.e→c→a→b→f→d |
C.f→d→c→e→a→b | D.b→e→a→c→f→d |
A.My boss promised me a raise in wage. |
B.The soldier raised both arms above his head. |
C.They are proud to raise such a fine son. |
D.The charity is raising money to help earthquake victims. |
A.Female northern cardinals have more colorful feathers than males. |
B.Red-eyed tree frogs sleep during the day with their eyes open. |
C.If a meat-eating animal happens to eat a ladybug, it will be poisoned to death. |
D.All the animals named in the last two paragraphs protect themselves with their colours. |
【推荐3】First aid is the simple medical treatment given as soon as possible to a person who is injured or who suddenly becomes ill before a doctor can be found. Often the illness or injury isn’t serious, but there is other time when giving first aid quickly can save lives. It’s believed that the 10 minutes after an accident can make a difference between life and death. This is why learning first aid is so important. Here are some basic first aid skills that you should learn.
#1 Cool the burned area quickly with cool water. It’s best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes. Don’t use ice. It can make the injury even worse. |
#2 Ask the person to lean forward and pinch his or her nose for five to six minutes. Don’t move the head backwards, as the blood may run into his or her mouth or even his or her lungs. |
#3 Wash the bite with plenty of soapy water at comfortable temperature. This helps clean the wound. If it continues bleeding too much, you should see the doctor. |
#4 Stand behind the choking person, put your arms around his or her waist and lean him or her slightly forward. Press his or her stomach. Do this up to five times. You can also slap his or her back with your hand while his or her body is bent over. |
Word Bank: lean倾斜pinch捏住 bite 咬 choke因噎住而窒息 waist 腰slap拍打 bent弯曲
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。
1. Why is first aid important?
A.Because it may mean life and death. |
B.Because it is the simplest treatment. |
C.Because it may be hard to find a doctor. |
D.Because it can save everyone. |
A.Put your money in a safe place. |
B.It is thought that a woman’s place in society marks the level of civilization. |
C.Great changes have taken place in my hometown. |
D.They often place the books in order on the shelves. |
a. Dog Bites b. Burns c. Choking. d. Nosebleed
A.a--d--b—c | B.b--c--d—a |
C.c--b--a—d | D.b--d--a—c |
A.moving his arms | B.slapping his throat |
C.pressing his stomach | D.moving his head backwards |
A.When you get burned, wash the burned area quickly with soapy water. |
B.The passage mainly teaches readers some useful first aid ways. |
C.Learning first aid is very difficult. |
D.When you have a nose bleed, move your head backward. |