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题型:任务型阅读-阅读表达 难度:0.4 引用次数:1130 题号:6827003
阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题.
When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework, you might notice that there is no letter E. Have you ever thought about why that is so?
In the A, B, C, D and F grading system, the first four letters are typically considered passing grades. An F in this system simply stands for“fail”.The word“fail”happens to start with the letter F, which seems to leave out the letter E. The fact”.Some schools have U grade for“unsatisfactory”,or I grade for “incomplete”.

Even with all this said, we should also point out that E grade actually has been
used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US.
The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College. In 1897,they began to use the following grading scale:
A: 95-100%(excellent)            B: 85-94%(good)          C: 76-84%(fair)
D: 75%(barely passed)            E: below 75%(failed)
We can see the inclusion of E instead of F.
Gradually,the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US. However, many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F.There is no evidence(证据) to really support this,but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for “excellent”.
Why do we have letter grades? Well,part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools. As the 20th century began,growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms. Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy,fair and clear way to grade students.
Today,more and more people argue that letter grades don’t fully reflect(反映) student learning。However,as teachers try to improve grading methods,many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids, they are familiar(熟悉) and easy for parents to understand. So while they might not be perfect, the letter grades probably aren’t going away any time soon.
1. what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system?
______________________________________________________________

2. when was the letter grading system first used in the US college?
______________________________________________________________

3. what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade?
______________________________________________________________

4. what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century?
______________________________________________________________

5. why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today?
______________________________________________________________
【知识点】 学校设施

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It seems school children all over the world complain about their school food. Cherie Blair, wife of former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, said that she would prepare a packed lunch for her son if school dinners do not improve. So what do students of your age eat for lunch at school?
Japan
High schools have canteens, which serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜) and vegetables.
Students take home a menu for the coming month containing notes on nutrition value. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food. The class with the fewest leftovers(剩饭) at the end of the month receives a prize.
United States
A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one-third of the daily dietary allowances(定量) of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium and calories.
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Meat pies, sausage rolls and hot dogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the nation pays more attention to children’s health, healthier foods have started to find their way onto school menus.
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South Africa
Most of South Africa’s schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1:30 pm and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.
Fast food and fried food sell the best among students, which has led to a rise in obesity among children. But as more people began to realize the fact that being too fat may cause different diseases, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition(营养). Now students at these schools are provided with lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbages, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes.
Schools serve different foods in different 1 .
Japan
In high schools, children can buy everything, such as noodles and rice. But they can’t buy burgers and 2 from canteens.
Some children 3 food from their homes.
The class will get a prize if they have the 4 leftovers in a 5 .
United States
Children can get 6 of daily nutrition from their lunch at school.
     7
School shops 8 students with traditional dishes.
The sale of green-labelled foods is served every day, 9 Red-labelled foods are sold once a week.
South Africa
Students like eating fast food and fried food so that they are overweight.
Students in some schools in towns can eat vegetables to 10 fit.
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