3 . On Dec. 9, 2021, three Chinese astronauts gave a science lecture 400 kilometers above Earth. Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, who are working abroad the Tiangong space station, showed millions of students their life there. They also did some fun science experiments. Let’s take a look at some of them.

Use it or lose it

The human body grows with the pull of Earth’s gravity. But in space, our bones and muscles don’t need to sustain our body’s weight. This will cause bone and muscle loss. NASA says that astronauts can lose up to 20 percent of their muscles after just a couple of weeks. That is dangerous because they will be too weak to work.

Astronauts have different ways to prevent this. During the lecture, Zhai introduced a special uniform Ye was wearing. It’s called a “penguin suit”. There are many elastic bands inside the suit. Wearing it, astronauts use their muscles to stretch the bands. This keeps their muscles strong.

▲ .

During another experiment, Wang made a water film. Then she added more water drops onto the film to make it a water ball. This can never happen on Earth. Why?

We need to first understand the surface tension of water. It is like a “skin” of water. The “skin” is there because water molecules are drawn to each other. Most of the time, gravity is too strong and it breaks the “skin”. But with zero gravity in space, the “skin” stays strong and the water ball will not break.

Water in space acts differently from water on Earth in other ways. For example, water will not flow downward if you try to pour it into a cup. That’s why astronauts usually drink water through straws in sealed bags.

1. What can we learn about the lecture from space?

A．It is a part of the astronauts’ daily work.

B．It took place in the Tiangong space station.

C．It is one of the astronauts’ ways to ask for help.

D．It took place 500 kilometers above Earth.

2. What does the underlined word “they” in the passage refer to?

A．astronauts

B．muscles

C．bones

D．bodies

3. Which of the following is the best to fill in “ ▲ ” in the passage?

A．Space water is valuable	B．Space water is different
C．Space water is important	D．Space water is common

4. What’s the writer’s purpose in this passage?

A．To raise people’s interest in space exploration.

B．To explain the importance of space experiments.

C．To ask readers to do more science experiments.

D．To introduce the space lecture given by Chinese astronauts.

4 . 阅读下面短文，按要求完成下面小题。

Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from (远离) a fight? Here’s something you can do.

Be calm (冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve (解决) problems. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, if anyone joins in a fight, the teacher will punish all these students. There are no winners in a fight.

Shout loudly. If you know a student is coming up behind you to attack (攻击), turn toward him, with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop”. Loud voice can usually make the attacker to be calm. If he doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher.

Learn to say no. Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Don’t do that. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to help him, try to ask him to give it up. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.

1、2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题归纳文章的主题；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. The teacher will ____________________ the students who joins in school fights.
2. ____________________ voice can usually make the attacker to be calm.
3. What should we do if a student doesn’t stop attacking you?
________________________________________________________________________________
4. The text is mainly advise us how to ____________________.
5. ______________________________________________________________________________

5 . Every year, as the summer days grow shorter, an amazing change happens in Canadian forests. As summer changes to autumn, the trees turn colors, changing from summer greens to shades of red, orange, and yellow. It’s a truly wonderful sight! From a distance, the forest looks as if it’s on fire.

When I was a child, my grandmother told me that a strange little man came at night with a paint brush to paint the leaves those wonderful colors. And I believed her for it was a wonderful way of explaining this change to a little boy. But as I grew older, my natural curiosity led me to do some research on my own. As always, science had the answer.

Trees need food, just like all lives. Leaves produce food for the tree. It’s just sugar, which is sometimes called glucose (葡萄糖). Leaves use sunlight to change water and CO₂ into oxygen (氧气). The process by which leaves do this is known as photo-synthesis (光合作用). A chemical called chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make this happen. Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green summer.

However, Canadian winters are long, cold and dark. There isn’t enough sunshine in winter for the leaves to make food. In autumn, as the days shorten, the trees get a signal to slow down. It’s time to take a rest. Don’t worry, though. They have enough food prepared to last all winter.

When the leaves stop making food, they no longer need to make chlorophyll. Slowly, the chlorophyll disappears. Remember, this is the chemical that makes leaves green. As the chlorophyll goes away, so does the green color. We begin to see the other colors that are always there. We could not see them before because green is a strong color.

1. Why does the forest look as if it’s on fire as the summer days grow shorter?

A．Because the trees turn green, black and white.

B．Because the trees turn red, orange and yellow.

C．Because the trees turn green.

D．Because the days grow shorter.

2. The writer thought ________ changed the color of leaves in autumn when he was a child.

A．the sun

B．a strange man

C．the wind

D．his grandmother

3. Which of the following is wrong?

A．Chlorophyll (叶绿素) helps make photo-synthesis happen.

B．Chlorophyll is the reason why leaves are green summer.

C．In Canadian winters, there is enough sunshine for the leaves to make food.

D．As the chlorophyll goes away, the green colour goes away too.

4. Which of the following shows the structure of this passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A．How a strange man painted trees.	B．What food trees need during a year.
C．Why leaves change colors in autumn.	D．What magic chemicals we have now.

6 . The World Health Organization (WHO) says that 80% of the world’s teenagers don’t get enough exercise to live healthy lives. It did research (研究) on students aged from 11 to 17 in 146 countries for about eight years and got the result.

Doctors say 60 minutes of exercise a day is important for teenagers to build up their strength (力量). It’s also good for the heart and lungs (心肺). Also, teenagers won’t become fat through exercise. What’s more, more and more research is showing that exercise doesn’t just help with the body. It can help with the mind, too—making people think better and helping students get good grades.

Trevor Shilton working for the Heart Foundation in Australia says that doing exercise is really important, and he also says: “If this were a medicine, we would all take it.”

However, it’s not easy. Now many teenagers find it very difficult to stay away from smartphones, computers or televisions. In their free time, they talk with friends online, play online games and watch interesting TV programs. The WHO says that young people need to play less in the online world and play more in the real world.

Health experts want schools and families to ask teenagers to do more exercise. Doctors also say that teens can do 20 minutes of exercise three times a day to get 60 minutes of exercise. They say it’s very important for young people to do exercise, because it will be good for their lives in the future.

1. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．What kind of exercise teenagers should do.

B．How much exercise teenagers should do.

C．Why doing exercise is important.

2. What does the underlined word “this” mean?

A．Having a healthy heart.

B．Doing exercise.

C．Thinking better.

3. Why do many teenagers NOT do enough exercise according to the passage?

A．Because they are always busy with their studies.

B．Because they think they are healthy.

C．Because they spend much time doing things online.

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A．The WHO got the result with the help of 146 students.

B．Teenagers don’t have to do 60 minutes of exercise in one go.

C．Doctors think five hours of exercise a week is enough.

7 . On Nov. 20, a police dog training center in Beijing welcomes six new members. They are all cloned（克隆）dogs, China Daily reported.

The dogs were born in August. They were cloned from two police dogs who have helped police solve murder cases（谋杀案）.

Early this year, scientists took some cells from the dog’s skin and created cloned embryos（胚胎）. Then they put the embryos into three mother dogs. One mother gave birth to four dogs, while the other two gave birth to one each. The cloned dog’s DNA is a 99% match with their “fathers”.

It is hoped that the cloned dogs will be as talented as their “fathers” because they are cloned. The cloned dogs are just four months old, but have already shown that they’re brave and aggressive（有攻击力的）, as well as have great memories, according to Ma Jinlei, a police officer at the center. It will take less time and money to train them.

Kunxun, China’s first cloned dog, joined the police in Kunming in March. The world’s first cloned dog was born in South Korea in 2005.

However, animal cloning has long been a hot topic. The world’s first cloned animal, Dolly the sheep, died at the age of 6 in 2003, about six years earlier than most sheep. Some people have questioned whether cloning technology is safe.

In addition, some people worry that cloning technology may be used on humans someday and therefore may raise some problems. Can we call cloned human a real human?

1. People train the six dogs to ________.

A．help blind people

B．help police solve cases

C．develop clone technology

2. The example of Dolly the sheep shows that ________.

A．cloning technology is widely used on animals

B．animal cloning is not new

C．it is hard to say whether cloning is safe or not

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A．Most sheep may live to be about twelve years old.

B．Dolly the sheep was born in 2003.

C．The cloned dog’s DNA is similar to their mother.

4. What can we learn from the story?

A．Cloned animals can help people in some ways.

B．Cloning technology is safe.

C．Cloning technology will be used on humans.

8 . The blue whale (鲸) is the largest animal alive today. And one of these whales has been caught making a big journey through the South Pacific. The whale was first recorded near the Galapagos Islands, west of Costa Rica. Years later, that same whale was photographed off the coast of Chile in South America, a new study reports. The two places are separated by about 5,200 kilometers. That means the whale, nicknamed Isabella, swam farther than the distance between New York and Los Angeles.

Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans but live in deep waters. So there are few places where they can be found easily. What’s more, they were nearly driven by whaling a century ago. Populations are increasing. But because there are so few of the animals, they are still considered endangered.

One blue whale may look like any other to the untrained eye. But each animal has special spots (斑点). “We use those spots as the fingerprints of blue whales,” Torres Florez says. To make the comparison job easier, scientists focus on the area around a whale’s dorsal fin (鳍), which is on its back. “Comparing those spots we are able to tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places or if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,” he says.

Isabella is probably not the only blue whale to travel so far, the researchers say. Members of her population likely migrate regularly from Chile to the Galapagos. In summer months, Torres Florez notes, waters in the far southern Pacific are loaded with krill, but that food disappears in winter. That’s when the whales travel north to warm, tropical (热带的) waters near the Galapagos. There, instead of feeding, the whales produce babies. Scientists don’t yet know why whales prefer to produce babies in tropical locations. But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales, Torres Florez says.

1. What can we infer about blue whales in Paragraph 2?

A．They are no longer at the risk of dying out.	B．It’s difficult for scientists to study them.
C．They can’t live well in a new environment.	D．It is common for people to see them worldwide.

2. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．How to study blue whales.	B．The spots of blue whales.
C．How to find out the exact blue whale.	D．The habits and lifestyle of blue whales.

3. What does the underlined word “migrate” mean?

A．演变

B．分离

C．迁徙

D．繁殖

4. According to Torres Florez, whales prefer to produce babies in tropical waters probably because ________.

A．there is enough food for baby blue whales	B．they don’t have enemies there
C．it’s easy for them to find a mate there	D．it’s easy for baby blue whales to remain alive there

9 . Many people are getting the COVID-19 vaccine(疫苗) these days. But some are afraid of needles(针). What if we didn’t use them at all? Scientists around the world are working on new kinds of vaccines. They hope to help people get vaccinated more easily.

Vaccines we can breathe in(吸入)

Chinese scientist Chen Wei and her team have made a new vaccine. You can breathe it in through (a mask or have it sprayed(喷洒) into your mouth. “We do tests since last September and are now applying for(申请) emergency use of the vaccine,” Chen said.

According to Chen, COVID-19 mainly infects us through the nose and throat(喉咙). By breathing in the vaccine, people can get “mucosal immunity(黏膜免疫)”. This can kill the virus in the nose and throat before it goes deeper into the body. It’s also much easier than injecting(注射) a vaccine. This will help more people get vaccinated quickly.

Vaccine patch

Australian scientists at the University of Queensland have made a COVID-19 vaccine patch(贴片). “It’s a very simple one and it’s easy to use. You don’t need medical staff(医务人员),” said researcher David Muller.

You just put the patch on your arm, leave it on for seconds and take it off. Now you are vaccinated. According to the researchers, the patch has 5,000 very tiny needles. They are too small to cause any pain (疼痛). Now researchers are testing the patch on humans. If successful, it could be used within two years.

1. Why are scientists studying new kinds of vaccines according to the passage?

A．Because they think the old ways are not good.

B．Because they want to work together with each other.

C．Because some people are afraid of injection.

D．Because there aren’t enough COVID-19 vaccines.

2. Look at the pictures, which one is getting a COVID-19 vaccine patch?

A．

B．

C．

D．

3. What does the word “They” in the last paragraph refer to(指代)?

A．Australian researchers.

B．Small needles.

C．The patches.

D．The vaccines.

4. What is the article mainly about?

A．New ways to get vaccinated easily.

B．How to be vaccinated by breathing.

C．Differences about the vaccines between China and Australia.

D．It is important for people to get vaccinated as early as possible.

10 . Smart robots may help children who are recovering (恢复) from long-term illnesses in hospital or at home, those sick children may feel lonely without their classmates around. Then the robots take the place of them at school. Through the robots, the children can hear their teachers and classmates. More importantly they feel less lonely while they are not at school.

A Norwegian company called No Isolation made the kind of robot. It is called AVI. AVI goes to school for a child who is not able to leave home. And the child’s classmates must help. They carry the robot between classes and put the robot on the child’s desk. It’s not difficult. At home, the child uses a computer or a phone to start the robot. Then he uses the same computer or phone to control (控制) the robot. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and mouth of the child. The best part is that the child can even join in classroom activities. The robot has speakers, microphones and cameras. Those things make communication (交流) easy.

AVI looks like a human. The scientist says this is important. The robot should be a friend of children. It can’t just be a small camera and let someone put it in a place. With AVI’s help, people think that children who can’t go to school will feel happier while they are at home.

1. Which of the following students may need AV’s help?

A．Paul. He is interested in different robots.

B．Susan. She has no friends at school and feels unhappy.

C．Tom. He can’t go to school because of a long-term illness.

D．Linda. She is in hospital because she has a slight cold (感冒).

2. What does the underlined word “them” refer to?

A．Those sick children.	B．Those sick children’s parents.
C．Those sick children’s classmates.	D．Those sick children’s teachers.

3. What’s the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．How scientists created AVI.	B．How AVI helps sick children.
C．What AVI teaches sick children.	D．What AVI does with sick children.

4. What’s the theme (主题) of the passage?

A．Health for children.	B．Happiness with children.
C．Communication with children.	D．Science for children.