HEADINGTON CHILDREN’S PHOTOGRAPHY COMPETITION We’re excited to hold a children’s photography competition this year. We hope children can care more about the daily life around us. The competition is for children aged 10 through 15 who live or go to school in and around Headington and a show of our favourite photos will be shown at Headington Festival on 6th June. Three winners will be chosen. THE PRIZES The winners receive a family ticket to the Science Centre. All the photographs included in the festival show will also be shown at the Science Centre. THE RULES Your photograph should be about people, animals, plants or daily activities. Your photograph must be taken in or around Headington. When you are e-mailing your competition picture to us, please write a very short description of it. For example, “A pet dog I found in my back garden.” Your description will help us to understand why you took the picture. Tell us your name, age, address and what school you go to. Choose the one you are most proud of and email it to us at competition@sciencecenter.com by 20th May. |
A.A family ticket. | B.A camera. | C.A mobile phone. | D.A pet dog. |
A.Tell your phone number. |
B.Buy a family ticket first. |
C.Write a description for your photo. |
D.Take your photo in the Science Centre. |
A.A tourist guide. | B.A history book. |
C.A medical report. | D.A school magazine. |
Can humans and machines “talk” to each other? We often see this in movies and on TV shows. In the 1960s, in the TV series Star Trek, spaceships could reply to human voice orders. In 1968, in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, HAL 9000 is a computer that human can talk to, it can play chess with humans and fix their spaceship. This type of technology, which help machines understand human speech and act accordingly, is known as voice control, or voice recognition.
Today, voice recognition is not just shown on the screen, but is widely used for everyday tasks. Siri and Alexa, the voice recognition software made by Apple and Amazon, are two examples. You can ask it to do many things, from setting alarms to turning on the television and placing online shopping order.
One of the nice things about voice recognition is that it can be used when we’re on the go. When you’re driving a car or walking down the sidewalk, it can be not easy or even dangerous to pick up your smartphone and type away on the keyboard. With voice recognition, you can focus on whatever you’re doing at the moment while still finishing other tasks.
People with hearing problems can also benefit. Speech recognition can be used to listen to spoken words and turn them into text that deaf people can read. Advanced speech recognition software can even hear words spoken in one language and then translate it into another language.
As voice recognition software becomes more advanced, it will be able to help us in even more ways. So far, most voice recognition technology is not able to recognize specific voices. That is to say, your voice “sounds” the same to the software as your friend’s voice. However, Apple and other companies are already working to develop voice recognition software that replies only to specific voices.
How would this be useful? It could make your things safer. You could set your phone, computer or even other things like your car or home to open only when they hear your voice.
1. Voice recognition is a kind of technology which helps machines ________.A.protect and fix spaceships | B.play chess controlled by humans |
C.develop films and shows on TV | D.reply to humans’ voice orders |
A.deaf people are able to hear spoken words | B.you can do another task while driving cars |
C.a TV can be asked to show your favorite program | D.your computer can only be opened with your own voice |
A.The software helping to renew computers. | B.The software used to recognize particular voices. |
C.The technology used to drive cars for humans. | D.The technology helping to improve software. |
A.Machines Know Your Voice | B.How to Help Deaf People? |
C.Is Technology Safe or Not? | D.Technology Creates a Better Life |
3 . Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have better cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation (导航) directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a difficult operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may sound impossible. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video calls. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize (识别) your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet? So far, no one has invented a good way to send images (映像) of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
1. Why does the writer mention smartphones in Paragraph 1?A.To start a story. | B.To explain an idea. |
C.To introduce a topic. | D.To discuss a problem. |
A.When smart glasses might be made. |
B.Where smart glasses could be used. |
C.How smart glasses would give directions. |
D.Why smart glasses should be changed. |
A.Making spatial audio. | B.Recognizing voices. |
C.Creating digital 3D objects. | D.Sending images onto glasses. |
A.Bored. | B.Confident. | C.Satisfied. | D.Uncertain. |
Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence* (AI) system — Ithaca, to help fill in missing words in ancient writings. The system is designed to help historians repair the writings and find out when and where they were written.
Many ancient people used writings, also known as inscriptions*, to record different parts of their lives. The inscriptions have been found on materials such as rock, china and metal. The writings often contained valuable information about how ancient people lived and how they structured their societies. But in many cases, the inscribed objects have been damaged over the centuries. In addition, many of the inscribed objects were moved from areas where they were created. This makes it difficult for scientists to discover when and where the writings were made.
The new AI-based tool helps researchers repair missing inscriptions and estimate the true origins of the records. The researchers, led by Alphabet’s AI company DeepMind, call their tool Ithaca. Ithaca was able to correctly predict* missing inscription elements 62 % of the time. In addition, the tool was 71 % correct in telling where the inscriptions first came from. And the system was able to effectively date writings to within 30 years.
When historians work on their own, the success rate for restoring damaged inscriptions is about 25%. But when humans teamed up with Ithaca to help their work, the success rate jumped to 72%.
Thea Sommerschield, a lead researcher, said she hoped systems like Ithaca “can unlock the cooperative* chance” between AI and humans. In one case, Ithaca proved new evidence presented by historians about the dating of a series of important Greek laws. The laws were first thought to have been written before 446/445 BCE*, but the new in the 420s BCE. Ithaca predicted a date of 421 BCE. Sommerschield said that the date change may seem small. But it has “meaningful influence for our understanding of the political history of Classical Athens,” she added.
The team is currently working on other versions of Ithaca trained on other ancient languages. DeepMind has showed a free, interactive tool based on the system for use by researchers, educators, museum workers and the public.
1. Ithaca can help researchers ________.A.repair inscriptions | B.record lifestyle |
C.structure societies | D.discover areas |
A.25% | B.62% | C.71% | D.72% |
A.has unlocked the cooperative chance |
B.predicted a far different date from historians |
C.proved Greek laws were written in 421 BCE |
D.has influences on helping understanding history |
A.introduce a new AI system to us | B.make us interested in Greek laws |
C.encourage people to join DeepMind | D.teach us how to repair inscriptions |
5 . If you look around the room you are in right now, you’ll probably notice a number of electronics. But can you imagine if they all had to be joined together by wires (电线)? Picture the wire snaking along the floor, for example, from your smartphone to your speaker, or connecting your game controller to the computer screen, meaning you could never sit more than a couple of meters away from it. A world of electronics connected by wires wouldn’t just be untidy, but a possible danger, too. That’s where Bluetooth comes in. We’ve all heard of it — but what exactly is it?
Bluetooth is a method of short-distance (短距离) wireless communication between electronics that makes use of the power of radio waves. The idea was first thought of by Dr. Janp Haartsen at Swedish mobile company Ericsson in 1994. Things really stepped up in September 1998 when the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) was set up to develop and spread the technology. Bluetooth 1.0 came out in 1999, and a year later it began to be used in mobile phones and desktop computers. Now Bluetooth has become an increasingly popular way of solving the problem of more and more electronics needing to be connected. without having to connect everything together with wires.
But if you look at the remote control (温控器) you use to choose the program on TV, you might rightly ask yourself why Bluetooth was such a big deal. After all, connecting objects with infrared signals (红外信号) which can’t be seen had been done before. The problem with remote controls is that they need to keep what is called “line of sight”. If something is standing between the remote control and receiver, it won’t work. Because Bluetooth uses radio waves, the things standing in the way are no longer a problem.
Since its creation in the late 1990s, the technology has become more and more improved and widely used, with the 4 billionth Bluetooth objects shipped in 2020.
1. How does the writer lead in the topic “Bluetooth” in Paragraph 1?A.By describing scenes. | B.By comparing facts. | C.By telling stories. | D.By explaining reasons. |
A.started to be used in cars | B.made radio waves known to people |
C.improved and spread quickly | D.was able to connect all electronics |
A.development | B.popularity | C.standard | D.advantage |
A.Phone sellers | B.Technology fans | C.Newspaper reporters | D.History lovers |
6 . Scientists are looking for ways that we can effectively use the light and heat from the sun. One idea that has caught their imagination is solar roads. They are expected to produce clean and renewable energy.
With solar panels on the surfaces, solar roads cost more than traditional roads. However, besides the functions of traditional roods, they have the panels to receive sunlight and change it into the energy to supply power to homes, factories and street lighting. There are four layers in a solar panel:
•Base layer: It is made of insulation material and forms a good grip with the road below this layer.
•Middle layer: This is the most important layer. It holds all kinds of power lines connecting all the solar parts in the panel, like LED lights and the heating system.
•Top layer: This layer is super-strong glass. It allows the panel to hold the weight of the heaviest vehicles.
•Capping: This is the topmost layer used to offer extra protection to the solar parts in the panel. The layer must be rough enough to provide the traction for the safety of vehicles.
With the smart design, solar roads can successfully charge the vehicles on them. And the roads have inbuilt LED lights to replace the traditional rood signs and lines, which are usually painted and harmful to humans. What’s more, the heating systems in the solar roads can take care of the snow and ice on the roads for drivers.
Test solar roads have been built in several countries (France, China, USA, etc.) since 2014. The first word solar road project, Metrics of Watt Way in France, was set up by a French company called Construction Colas. It was an example of low effectiveness. In the first year, it had been expected to produce around 767 kWh of energy a day, but it only produced 409 kWh. Even so, the production could increase with design improvements. Of course, more time is needed before this technology is put into use.
Solar roads may not be widely used in the near future, but they are indeed great for an environment-friendly and energy-saving world.
1. Solar roads ________.A.offer power to homes | B.get energy from factories |
C.keep the sunlight away | D.cost less than traditional roods |
A.The base layer is the most important layer. |
B.There are many power lines in the middle layer. |
C.The top layer lies on the top of the solar panel. |
D.The capping should be smooth enough for drivers. |
A.was set up in China in 2014 | B.showed high effectiveness as expected |
C.was started by a US company | D.could get better with design improvements |
A.Solar Roads: A Widely Used Invention |
B.Solar Roads: A Safety Guard for Drivers |
C.Solar Roads: A New Idea for Clean Energy |
D.Solar Roads: A Way to Produce LED Lights |
7 . “Motasharefon bema’ refatek!” is often heard in Arabs’ daily talks. This greeting in the language Arabic means “Nice to meet you!” You may find Arabic difficult to understand, but the following facts can offer you some basics.
Arabic is s language of over twenty countries across the Middle East and North Africa, It’s also one of the six official languages of the UN. Now about 400 million people worldwide speak Arabic.
Arabic has different varieties. One of them is Modern Standard Arabic. It is taught at schools in all Arabic-speaking countries and used formally over media. Colloquial Arabic is another variety which people in the Arab world usually use in their everyday life.
Arabic is written from right to left in a beautiful and flowing script. Written Arabic is formed from eighteen different curves with dots () above or below. The curve () with one dot below is pronounced /b/, two on top is /t/, and three on top is /th/, while the curve () with two dots below is pronounced /y/.
A main feature of Arable is the throe letter root system. Almost every Arabic word is based on a root of three letters. If you take a root and add other letters to it, you can create many words related to the meaning of that root. For example, “k-t-b” is a common root in Arabic. Some words from that root are kitaab (“book”) and maktaba (“library”).
There are more facts about Arabic for you to explore. You’ll find that learning about it helps open up door to a different culture and provides a new way of thinking about the world.
1. How many varieties of Arabic are mentioned in the passage?A.Two. | B.Three. | C.Four. | D.Five. |
A. | B. | C. | D. |
A.Cooking. | B.Singing. | C.Writing. | D.Swimming. |
A.To introduce the language Arabic. |
B.To tell stories from Arab countries. |
C.To encourage people to visit Arab countries. |
D.To advise people to protect the language Arabic. |
8 . Good photographers are like reporters. They record people’s lives with cameras. They are also like artists or writers. Their photos can make people think or feel something.
•Fashion photographers mainly take pictures of new products like clothes. •Portrait photographers take photos of different people. •Landscape photographers usually take pictures outdoors in nature. •Event photographers take photos of big parties and ceremonies. | •Robert Doisneau was French. He was well-known for his black and white street photos of Paris. •Anne Geddes was born in Australia. Taking baby pictures has made her world-famous. •Richard Avedon was from the USA. He mainly took photos of fashion and famous people. His photos helped develop a new style for photography. |
A.artists | B.writers | C.reporters | D.photographers |
A.big parties | B.outdoor sights | C.new clothes | D.different people |
A.is from France | B.is famous for baby pictures |
C.takes street photos | D.helps develop a new style |
9 . Here are some superheroes in the fight against COVID-19(新冠肺炎). Let’s come close to them and remember them.
Zhong Nanshan He is one of the famous medical scientists in the 21st century. Dr. Zhong Nanshan was the first to tell the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. He is a good doctor in the countrymen’s eyes and respected by all Chinese people. | |
Li Lanjuan When COVID-19 broke out, she suggested that Wuhan should be locked down immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. She headed for Wuhan and took an active part in the battle. Now, she still receives patients every day. | |
Wang Yong As a delivery(快递)driver, he volunteered to support the medical staff in Wuhan during the epidemic(流行病). He tried his best to keep life going for the doctors and nurses. People’s Daily has praised him, presenting the courage and hard work of common people. | |
Li Wenliang He is the first doctor to warn people how dangerous the virus could be at the end of last December, so people call him the “whistle-blower(吹哨人)”.Because of COVID-19, he lost his life on February 7th, 2020. People across the country were sad to hear about his death. |
A.At the end of last December. | B.At the beginning of 2019. |
C.On January 25th, 2020. | D.On February 7th, 2020. |
A.He drew a picture for People’s Daily. |
B.He was busy with his own business. |
C.He wrote an article to People’s Daily. |
D.He volunteered to support the doctors and nurses to keep their life going. |
A.Wang Yong is a delivery driver. |
B.Li Wenliang died on February 7th, 2020. |
C.People’s Daily has spoken highly of Li Lanjuan to present the courage of Chinese people |
D.Zhong Lanshan told the public that the virus could be transmitted from person to person. |
10 . The James Webb Space Telescope was launched on December 25, 2021. It’s a space telescope developed by NASA, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Agency. Named after James E.Webb, who created Apollo program, this telescope is a replacement for the Hubble Space Telescope, which headed to space in 1990.
Webb is different from Hubble in some ways. It can see infrared light which makes it possible to look through clouds of gas and dust in the universe and explore the very distant galaxies.With a 6.5-meter-wide golden mirror, it can collect more than six times as much light as the Hubble mirror, so it can see tiny objects more clearly. To “see” faint galaxies in infrared light, Webb needs to be extremely cold, or it would only see its own infrared light. Made of a thin plastic, the heat shield is five layers thick, and it keeps the mirror at minus 234°C. Besides, Hubble moves only about 550 km above Earth while Webb orbits the sun, 1.5 million kilometres away from Earth. This lets Webb stay in line with Earth, allowing the moon to protect it from the light and heat of the sun and Earth.
As the most powerful telescope ever made, Webb is a giant step forward in human space exploration. With it, scientists can observe the very distant galaxies to see how the first galaxies forming out of the darkness. By comparing the earliest galaxies with today’s, they may understand how galaxies have changed over time. It’s also possible for them to study the atmospheres of the faraway planets and search for possible signs of life. Above all, seeing through and into clouds of dust also allows them to find out where stars and planetary systems are being born. This is the primary goal of Webb.
Webb is scheduled to work in space for between five and ten years, so it has enough time to send back fascinating data and images and give us a big surprise.
1. Webb is a space telescope that ________.A.was sent to space in 1990 |
B.will take the place of Hubble |
C.was made by NASA alone |
D.is named after Webb’s creator |
A.works in higher temperatures |
B.can look deeper into the universe |
C.moves closer around the earth |
D.can see tiny objects as clearly as it |
A.Looking for life on the faraway planets. |
B.Studying the formation of the first galaxies. |
C.Studying new stars and planet formations. |
D.Finding out the change process of galaxies. |
A.The Working Time of Space Telescopes |
B.The Differences between Webb and Hubble |
C.The Most Powerful Telescope Has Come |
D.The Discoveries Scientists Have Made with Webb |