In 2020, China’s Chang’e 5 mission collected 1,731 grams of moon soil (土壤) and brought it to Earth. (A)China became the third country to collect moon soil after Russia and the United States. Up to now, a total of 44,857.7 milligrams of the soil have been given to 62 research teams in China. By studying the soil, scientists learn more about the moon’s geology (地质), weather and other things, according to the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). What new findings have scientists made? Let’s have a look.
Air on the moon
In May, scientists from Nanjing University found that the soil on the moon might be useful for turning carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen (氧气) and fuel (燃料). The soil has some special chemicals in it. (B)These can work as catalysts (催化剂) to make oxygen with sunlight and CO2. If this really works, astronauts can turn the CO2 they breathe into oxygen. Then they can live on the moon for a longer time. The team hopes for a chance to test this system on the moon someday.
Powerful energy
(C)Helium (氦)-3 is a valuable fuel that can provide safer nuclear energy (核能). It is not radioactive (放射性的) and would not produce dangerous waste. It’s rare (稀有的) on Earth, but after studying samples of moon soil, scientists found that the moon is rich in Helium-3! According to Ouyang Ziyuan, a senior adviser to China’s lunar program and its former chief scientist, there is enough Helium-3 on the moon for all people on Earth to have clean energy for 10,000 years!
1. 把（A）处划线句子翻译成汉语：2. 把（C）处划线句子翻译成汉语：
3. 请在文章中列举出科学家们的两种新发现：
4. 请写出文中（B）处划线部分指代的内容：
5. 请简要概括文章大意：
Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet.
The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. None of them has an environment like that of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on them. The sun and its planets are called the solar system, and our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them.
Scientists have also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. So how large is the universe? 这是无法想象的。
Scientists have sent spaceships to the planet Mars to take photos. They have even sent spaceships to travel outside the solar system. However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
Scientists have always asked the questions: with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space? Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? Why has no one communicated with us? We do not know the answers...yet.
1. 将文中划线的英语句子译成汉语。2. 回答问题
Why don’t scientists think they will find life on seven other planets?
3. 回答问题
What does the underlined word “them” in the paragraph 2 refer to（指的是）?
4. 将文中划线的汉语句子译成英语。
5. 从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相同的句子。
But spaceships haven’t travelled so far that they can’t reach other stars in our Galaxy.
Many space-lovers dream of traveling into space, but it costs too much to make that dream come true. Luckily, here is a chance for people who love exploring space. An unusual new reality show（真人秀）called Space Hero is in the works.
Space Hero must be popular and attractive because it will be the world’s first reality show in space. It will send a lucky winner to the International Space Station（ISS）where he’ll have a ten-day stay. According to the show creators（创建者）, a seat for the winner has already been booked with the NASA（美国国家航空航天局）on spaceship.
How will the show work? The plan of the show is to first pick a group of space-lovers from around the world. The show is open to anyone who is older than 18. “We’re opening space to everyone, not only to astronauts and rich people”, one of the creators said. Twelve men and twelve women will-be picked. And then they will be taken to a “Space Village” to take part in the space training for the final trip: Besides the physical tests that are really difficult to finish, the mental tests are also needed during the training.
In the end, the people who watch the show can choose their favorite person to be sent to space. When the winner has been picked, the show will follow that lucky person’s journey and film during the whole time. The creators of Space Hero hope the show will encourage interest in space travel.
1. How long can the lucky winner stay on ISS?2. Is the reality show open to everyone?
3. What does the space training include?
4. Who will decide on the winner of the show finally?
5. What do you think of the reality show?
The Shenzhou XIII mission was sent on October 16th, 2021. The astronauts are Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu. They planned to spend six months working in the space station. Early last month, 41, was China’s first woman spacewalker in the space.
They gave space-based classes from space station to students around the world. The astronauts showed the space station and their scientific experiments to the students, and showed some interesting physical phenomena to them.
On October 13th, almost all students watched the space-based classes around China. It was the first time for Chinese students to have classes in this new way. It is a good way to make more young people be more interested in the space and study science and technology harder.
1. How long will the astronauts stay in the space station? (not more than 2 words)2. Where did the astronauts give space-based classes? (not more than 3 words)
3. According to last paragraph, how are the space-based classes? (not more than 3 words)
Earth (地球) is a planet and Mars (火星) is too. People, animals and plants live on Earth, but can they live on Mars? Earth has water. But what about Mars?
People want to find out about other planets like Mars. So Robot Landers have been made (被制作) to help them. This Lander was one that went to Mars. It has a long arm with a camera on it.
The Lander is inside this spacecraft (宇宙飞船). The spacecraft blasts into space. It will take a long time to get to Mars. When the spacecraft is there, the Lander comes down to land on Mars.
The Lander is on Mars. Mars looks like a desert on Earth but it is very cold. Now the Lander has a job to do.
The Lander digs (挖) in the ground to get soil (土壤). People on Earth look at the soil. What is the soil like? What is under the soil? Is there water here? The Lander helps people on Earth to find out.
The sun is going down. Night will come to Mars. The sun helps the arm on the Lander to move. When there is no sun, the Lander will not work.
People can go into space. They can walk on the moon, but can they go to a planet like Mars?
Robot Landers like this one can help people find out.
1. What is Mars?2. What live on Earth?
3. What can help us to go and see Mars?
4. What does Mars look like on Earth?
5. Is it hot on Mars?
6 . A group of scientists discovered a gas called phosphine(磷化氢) on Venus(金星). That means there may be living things on the planet, which made many people start to imagine the talk between aliens and humans. A reporter from Washington Post wrote a letter to people of Earth on behalf of(代表) the citizens on Venus.
| Attention, People of Earth , Fine. The big secret is out. Many of your finest scientists have discovered there is life tens of millions of miles away-here, on the beautiful planet of Venus. Congratulations! However, we have a polite request: Please stay away. We’re serious. No spacecrafts to Venus, no tasks, no visits. If we wake up one morning and see so many of you people wandering around in spacesuits, we’re going to be really upset. We don’t want to be impolite. It’s just that we’re shocked by what you’ve got going on down there. Earth looks like a mess. You’ve got health problems, environmental pollution, traffic jams, political fights, etc. No wonder so many of you want to leave Earth for another planet. We know you’d like it here. That’s what frightens us. you’d all move to Venus at once. If we start having you all up here, pretty soon, the Martians(火星人)and Jupiterians(木星人) are going to come, too. But we can’t handle so much. Venus is not Earth 2. We suggest that you solve your problem because the earth is your only home. God bless you! Sincerely, Venusians(金星人) |
2. What do the Venusians ask Earth people to do?
3. How will the Venusians feel when seeing many Earth people on Venus?
4. Why do Earth people want to leave for another planet?
5. Who actually wrote the letter?
The planets and stars are very far away from us. For many years, people have wanted to visit space and the moon. People who go into space are called “astronauts”. The first astronaut went into space about 40 years ago, and some people went to the moon about 8 years later.
Space is amazing. However, it is dangerous in space. Small pieces of rock fly past very quickly all the time. There is no air, so there are no animals or plants. Astronauts have to take air, water and food with them. In space, you can pick up very heavy things easily, but it is difficult to eat and drink. This is very strange for astronauts. For sleeping, astronauts spend the night floating (漂浮) in a sleeping bag.
Besides working, eating and sleeping, what do astronauts spend a lot of time doing in space? It’s exercise. If they don’t take exercise, their bodies start losing bone and muscle(骨骼和肌肉) which makes them weak.
It isn’t good for our bodies to be in space for a long time. Astronauts don’t usually stay in space for very long, but some have stayed for a year without any problems. Perhaps in the future we will all visit the moon or have holidays in space.
1~2题完成句子；3 题简略回答问题；4 找出并写下第二段的主题句；5 题将文中画线句子译成汉语。
1. The first astronaut went into space
2. There are no animals or plants in space because
3. What do astronauts mainly do in space besides working, eating and sleeping?
4.
5.
The journey to the moon has been the first step towards exploration（探险）in space. The distance between the moon and Earth is very short indeed（的确）when compared with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Venus, the nearest planet to Earth, is millions of miles away!
Travelling to the planets will be man’s next aim. Such travels will be more challenging（有挑战性）than the trip to the moon and certainly more adventurous. In 1976 two American spaceships, Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover whether that planet has any life out it. So far scientists are not sure about that.
Scientists have discovered that the surface of Venus is very hot and it is almost certain that there is no life there. Also the atmosphere（大气）of Venus is extremely dense（稠）and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Scientists believe man may find planets just like our home, Earth, but man should realize Earth will be the only home for a long time and begin to love and care for it.
1. The distance between the moon and Earth is very2. Venus is the
3.
4. According to scientists, it is almost certain that there is no life on
5. Scientists believe that people should love Earth and
There are many people in the world now. There will be a lot more people next century. So the earth will be very (1) ________ and there will be a little room for each person. (2) Maybe there will be only standing room on the earth in 600 years. (3) It will be a very serious problem. So man is thinking of a way to solve the problem.
The moon is the satellite (卫星) of the earth. Man will probably go to live there some day. But there is no air, no plants, and no life on the moon. So scientists are doing all kinds of experiments. They have to (4) ________ (solve) many problems till man can live on the moon. (5) Our dream will come true one day, we all think.
1. 请在(1)处填入一个形容词使句意完整2. 将(2)处划线部分翻译成中文
3. 将(3)处划线句子改为现在完成时态
4. 用(4)处所给词的适当形式填空
5. 将(5)处划线部分改为宾语从句We all
10 . When we talk about the space, we know the universe means the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars and the space between them. Many of the stars are so far away that we cannot see them.
Through our geography lessons, we know the earth goes around the sun, and the moon goes around the earth.
We have day and night because the earth keeps turning all the time. Just because the moon is closer to the earth than the sun, it looks much bigger than the sun. The sun is bright enough to give out very strong light. The moon can’t give any light at all, but it looks quite bright too. Why? In fact, the light from the moon comes from the sun. But in fact the stars are much bigger and brighter than the moon.
There are many other planets in the universe. But of all these planets, only on the earth there are living things. People on the earth have been studying space all the time. They’ve sent spaceships into space many times. On November 3rd and 14th, 2011, Chinese scientists let Shenzhou Ⅷ successfully dock with（对接）the Tiangong I twice. This is one of the greatest events in the history of China’s space.
1. Why can’t we see many of the stars?2. Why do we have day and night?
3. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
4. What do you mean by the universe?
5. Choose a proper title.
| A．The universe. | B．The stars at night. |
