1 . In 1928, a scientist named Alexander Fleming made a big discovery called penicillin (青霉素). It’s a medicine that fights off germs (细菌) and can stop infections. Before penicillin, getting sick with something like a small cut could be very dangerous because there was no good way to fight the infection.
Fleming found penicillin by chance. He noticed that a special kind of mold (微生物), which had grown by itself in his lab, could kill harmful germs. This was a very important finding because it meant doctors could use penicillin to make sick people better.
Thanks to Fleming’s discovery, by the 1940s, doctors were able to use penicillin to help soldiers who got hurt in World War II, saving many lives. Nowadays, penicillin and medicines like it are common and help treat all kinds of infections.
Fleming’s discovery of penicillin shows us that sometimes, great things can be found when we’re not even looking for them. It has helped millions of people and is one of the biggest discoveries in the history of medicine. It’s also thought to be the start of developing modern medicines. Now, let’s see how penicillin changed medicine and what new problems and solutions we have today.
1. What does the underlined word “infections” in Paragraph 1 mean?| A．感染 | B．焦虑 | C．饥饿 | D．战乱 |
| A．By growing a special mold in the lab. | B．By treating soldiers in World War II. |
| C．By fighting off bad people in the war. | D．By communicating secret messages. |
| A．Because it has no side effects. |
| B．Because it is cheaper than other medicines. |
| C．Because it is important for developing new medicines. |
| D．Because it is the only medicine for treating infections. |
| A．How Fleming found penicillin by chance. |
| B．How modern medicine develops based on penicillin. |
| C．How doctors used penicillin to treat soldiers in the war. |
| D．How sick people thanked Fleming because of penicillin. |
High temperatures can be very dangerous and kill a large number of people. Those who are at the highest risk for heat-related diseases include people aged 65 and older, children younger than two, and people with chronic diseases. What should be done to keep clear of heat-related diseases and reduce the number of people who die from these diseases in hot weather? Here is some advice. ◆Stay in air-conditioned (装有空调的) buildings as much as you can. Air-conditioning is the number one way to help you protect yourself against heat-related diseases. If your home isn't air-conditioned, reduce your risk for heat-related diseases by spending time in public places that are air-conditioned. ◆Drink more water than usual and don’t wait until you're thirsty. Control your time for outdoor activities, especially at noon when the sun is the hottest. Even young and healthy people can get sick from the heat if they join in outdoor activities during hot weather. Wear a little larger, light-weight, light-colored clothing to help you cool yourself down. |
1. Who may be at the least risk for heat-related diseases according to the text?
| A．Students with chronic diseases. | B．Seventy-year-old workers. |
| C．Eleven-month-old babies. | D．Three-year-old children. |
| A．Drinking water as much as possible. |
| B．Never working in the open air at noon. |
| C．Staying in a building with air-conditioning. |
| D．Wearing a little larger, light-colored clothing. |
| A．Health. | B．Sports. | C．Music. | D．Environment. |
3 . In the most southern part of our planet, there’s a place that’s covered with snow and ice all year round. But it has the clearest and cleanest air. Amazingly, in this place, the sun sometimes hangs even in the midnight sky. This place is Antarctica (南极洲): the coldest, windiest and harshest (恶劣的) place on the Earth.
As the world’s least-known place, Antarctica is of great interest to scientists around the world. During 30 years, China has sent many scientists to Antarctica. They mostly look at the resources under the icy land and do research about climate change and marine (海洋的) biology.
Antarctica is a place with fantastic views. However, life there is very hard. Food is one of the biggest problems. Frozen food which can be heated easily is people’s daily food. Fresh vegetables are hard to grow in the cold weather.
Sleep is also difficult. In Antarctica, summer lasts from November to March. During this period, Antarctica points to the sun and receives sunlight 24 hours a day. In order to get some sleep, scientists cover the windows with black plastic cloth to create “night”.
Working in Antarctica is dangerous, especially when meeting gale-force (七级以上的) winds. They can easily blow people away. So there are ropes that connect buildings of some research stations. People can hold these ropes to keep their balance in forceful winds.
What’s more, communicating with others is difficult. Without cables and Internet in some research stations, two-way radios are the only tools to communicate. If people want to say hello to friends and relatives, they can use satellite phones.
Although it is challenging to work in Antarctica, scientists’ passion to learn about this mysterious land will never end. It is hopeful that one day they will step every comer of this icy land.
1. Scientists from China go to Antarctica to ________.| A．find out ways to control water pollution | B．grow plants and vegetables in special condition |
| C．research climate change and marine biology | D．stop the hunters from killing the marine life |
| A．full preparation | B．amazing imagination |
| C．pleasant introduction | D．strong love |
| A．climate changes of Antarctica | B．exploring Antarctica |
| C．how to survive in Antarctica | D．views of Antarctica |
4 . Do you like giving video calls to your friends? Well, parrots (鹦鹉) like giving video calls to their
Parrots are very sociable
The
Not every animal would be able to make video calls. Parrots can because they are one of the
The researchers
| A．pets | B．parents | C．friends | D．enemies |
| A．Actors | B．Directors | C．Patients | D．Researchers |
| A．saving | B．training | C．advising | D．allowing |
| A．plants | B．cartoons | C．animals | D．exercises |
| A．biting | B．washing | C．speaking | D．living |
| A．calls | B．notes | C．plans | D．letters |
| A．choice | B．message | C．suggestion | D．example |
| A．only | B．even | C．never | D．almost |
| A．laziest | B．slowest | C．noisiest | D．smartest |
| A．hope | B．doubt | C．fear | D．regret |
5 . Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be
Firstly, since we know that being in familiar situations makes
Secondly, we can give our whole attention to an experience to
To a certain degree, we can understand and
| A．possibly | B．seriously | C．closely | D．softly |
| A．speed up | B．slow down | C．take in | D．use up |
| A．water | B．money | C．time | D．energy |
| A．polite | B．similar | C．useful | D．open |
| A．reduce | B．receive | C．increase | D．accept |
| A．what | B．which | C．who | D．when |
| A．teachers | B．parents | C．reasons | D．senses |
| A．find | B．solve | C．train | D．value |
| A．effect | B．information | C．fear | D．peace |
| A．greet | B．treat | C．spread | D．control |
6 . Do you enjoy the warmth of the sun on a winter’s day? In winter it can be hard to catch many rays, but spending time in sunlight helps your body stay healthy and makes you feel happy. Feeling the sunlight on a winter’s day is a great way to make you feel happy because sunlight does good to chemicals in the brain (大脑) . These chemicals help you to sleep better and feel less nervous.
Your body also needs sunlight to create vitamin (产生维生素) D. The vitamin D helps you keep healthy. The body needs vitamins to work. For example, vitamin A is important for your eyes and vitamin D is good for teeth. You can get many vitamins through eating healthy food, but most of your vitamin D comes from sunlight.
To enjoy the outdoors in winter, keep warm and stay dry. When it’s sunny, find an outdoor activity you enjoy. Go biking, play football, or go for walks with your family or friends. Stay out in the sun for as long as you can, and when you go back inside, enjoy a warm drink.
1. What does the underlined word “chemicals” mean in Chinese?| A．化学物质 | B．医药 | C．阳光 | D．维生素 |
| A．your vitamin A | B．your vitamin B | C．your vitamin C | D．your vitamin D |
| A．The activities to enjoy sunlight. | B．The facts about winter’s sunlight. |
| C．The situation of enjoying sunlight. | D．The meanings of enjoying sunlight. |
7 . 
Bees are always busy. Every bee has a job to do and a place to go. In each hive (蜂巢), there are three kinds of bees: the queen bee, the worker bee, and the drone (雄蜂).
The queen bee is the most important bee in the hive. Her job is to lay eggs. She lays about 2,000 eggs every day! The eggs will hatch into (孵化成) new worker bees, drones, and queen bees. Some worker bees work inside the hive. They feed the queen bee and the drones. They also take care of the queen bee’s eggs. Other worker bees work outside the hive. They guard the doors of the hive. They collect pollen and nectar (花蜜) from flowers and bring them back to the hive for all the bees to eat. The drones, also known as the male bees, are the fathers of the queen bee’s eggs. Drones don’t do anything else. The worker bees feed the drones. There are usually only a few hundred drones in a hive.
Bees have long tongues to get nectar from flowers. They collect the pollen on their back legs as they walk around inside each flower.
Sometimes there are too many bees in a hive. Then a queen bee leads some bees out to start a new hive. A group of bees looking for a new home is called a swarm (分蜂群). Swarms might hang on nearby tree branches while worker bees look for a place to build a new hive.
1. Which is the most important bee in a hive?| A．The queen bee. | B．The worker bee. |
| C．The drone. | D．The male bee. |
| A．About 2,000. | B．Only one. |
| C．A few hundred. | D．More than 2,000. |
| A．What different bees do. | B．Where different bees work. |
| C．Why different bees work differently. | D．When different bees work. |
| A．News. | B．Art. | C．Nature. | D．History. |
8 . MONSTERS OF THE DEEP
①Sea monsters are not just imaginary. Millions of years ago, real monsters actually lived on Earth.
Eyes in the Dark
②Temnodontosaurus (切齿鱼龙) was definitely an unusual animal. Its name means “cutting-tooth lizard,” and with good reason—it had very big teeth. It also had some of the largest eyes in nature. They were over 25 centimeters across! With such big eyes, Temnodontosaurus could easily find its food in the dark water.
Terror of the Deep
③Kronosaurus (克柔龙)—the “Kronos lizard”—lived in the seas that once covered Australia. But it probably used its fins to climb out of the water and lay its eggs on land. Its head was two meters long, and its teeth were as big as bananas! The main purpose of strong jaws and teeth like these was to catch smaller animals. In fact, Kronosaurus was one of the most dangerous predators (捕食者) of all time.
The Stalker
④Known as the “lord of the seas,” Thalassomedon (海霸龙) was a large sea monster with a very long neck. It also had a special way of hunting fish: It carried stones in its stomach! These helped keep the largest part of its body and tail down in the dark water. Meanwhile, its long neck slowly rose up toward the fish. The fish didn’t have a chance to get away from Thalassomedon. They couldn’t see the sea monster until it was too late!
1. What can we infer (推断) about Temnodontosaurus?| A．Its teeth were very sharp. | B．It only ate plants. |
| C．It was bigger than Kronosaurus. | D．It has the largest mouth in nature. |
| A．two meters | B．20 centimeters | C．2.5centimeters | D．5 centimeters |
| A．stones | B．its stomach | C．ways to catch fish | D．fish |
| A．It is too dark in the water. |
| B．Thalassomedon attacked the fish from above. |
| C．The fish didn’t see Thalassomedon as it came near. |
| D．The fish were not as fast as Thalassomedon. |
9 . A nap (小睡) is an important part of the afternoon in many countries around the world. In China, people call it a wǔshui. In Italy, it’s a riposo. And the Spanish word for it is siesta. Could these naps be good for our brains?
Three scientists worked on this study and Valentina Paz led the study. She wanted to know if daytime napping could be beneficial to brain health. “Keeping the brain healthy is important for well-being,” Paz explained.
The scientists examined the brains of thousands of people. They studied their DNA too. And they found a connection between taking naps and having better brain health.
People with bigger brains are usually healthier and have a lower risk of illness. However, our brains get smaller as we get older. The study showed that people who took naps more often had bigger brains!
An earlier study also showed that naps can help. Scientists compared the results of maths tests from 3,000 people in China. They found that an hour-long nap after lunch helped the people score better.
However, these studies don’t prove (证明) that napping causes bigger brains. After all, it is possible that people with bigger brains just like to nap more!
Paz hopes her research can teach people about the value of sleep. “Sleep plays an important role in keeping the brain healthy. When we do not get enough sleep, we could develop health problems,” she said.
1. Why does the writer mention ways to say a “nap” in different languages?| A．To show a nap is important in many countries. |
| B．To show learning different languages is useful. |
| C．To show he is good at speaking different languages. |
| D．To show a nap improves people’s language learning ability. |
| A．Harmful. | B．necessary. | C．similar. | D．Helpful. |
| A．Napping causes bigger brains. | B．Napping brings better brain health. |
| C．Brains get bigger as people get older. | D．People with bigger brains enjoy more naps. |
| A．It calls attention to the living environment. | B．It encourages people to have enough sleep. |
| C．It helps people solve different brain problems. | D．It provides a new direction for future research. |
Usually, people want to “look cool” in their photos. But how can you look cool? What do you think of being cool is? For many people, looking cool is to show they’re different from others. Is it true?
Caleb Warren, a professor (教授) from America, says a lot of people do think so. So models (模特儿) don’t usually smile (微笑) in shows. Some actors and singers also think that way. Singer Kanye West says he doesn’t smile in photos because he thinks it helps him look cool.
But a new study by Warren tells us something different. The study finds a nice smile will help you look cool in a photo. In the study, Warren uses some stars’ photos and ask people to look at them. There are two photos of each star-one smiling and the other not. Which one is better? He finds most people like the smiling ones more. The smile shows you are happy and it can make others feel happy too.
So, can you learn something from Warren’s study? Yes! You should smile if you want to look cool in your photos. Have a try, please!
1. Who is Caleb Warren? (不超过5个词)2. What does Warren ask people to do in his study? (不超过10个词)
3. What do we learn from Warren’s study? (不超过15个词)
