(1)小明先用螺旋测微器测量该材料的直径,测量结果如图甲所示,则该导体材料的直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/26/e4b4c503-d9d9-4ca4-915c-5cae3fb0bdee.png?resizew=172)
(2)接着用欧姆表粗测该电阻丝的电阻,他进行了如下操作:他先用“
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d55519bd96aba05e6f1533ddc7bb63fa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf3a1e976dc7ccea4600a8ad1121760.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eebdb972b35aaa81a6662aaf8db1c282.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/26/bb2ac934-9ed2-4266-8b66-b16e805706fd.png?resizew=354)
(3)电压表电流表都不是理想电表,那么能较准确测量出金属丝电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/26/efe40f16-286f-411d-8d6d-086663bf50b6.png?resizew=454)
(4)小华拟采用图像法处理实验数据,他将电路图按丁图连线,导电夹P与电阻丝AB之间的接触电阻忽略不计,闭合开关调节P的位置,将AP长度x和对应的电压U、电流I的数据记录如下表,并在坐标系中描点,请你根据所描点在答题纸上作出R和x关系图线
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/26/fa920cb1-5560-468d-8c0a-c6933d26eb08.png?resizew=249)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/26/f46c080e-3e10-45a2-84da-50fc620026fb.png?resizew=282)
![]() | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 |
![]() | 4.36 | 4.20 | 4.00 | 3.88 | 3.44 | 2.96 |
![]() | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.33 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.49 |
![]() | 16.15 | 12.50 | 12.12 | 10.21 | 8.00 | 6.04 |
若已知图像斜率为k,则金属丝电阻率表达式为
(5)由于电流表不是理想电表,则利用(4)中图像法测出的电阻率的值与真实值相比
(1)用游标卡尺测量金属丝的长度时,某次的结果如图甲所示,其读数是
A.电压表V(0~3V,内阻约2kΩ)
B.电流表A(0~0.6A,内阻约5Ω)
C.滑动变阻器R(0~10Ω,0.5A)
若该段金属丝的长度为L,直径为D,电阻为Rx,则该金属丝电阻率的表达式ρ=
(4)下列关于该实验误差的说法中正确的有
A.电流表采用内接法,会使电阻率的测量值更精确
B.电流表采用外接法,会使电阻率的测量值偏小
C.电压表内阻引起的误差属于偶然误差
D.用U-I图像处理数据可以减小系统误差
(1)截取一段合金丝进行实验,应选择
A.刻度尺 B.10分度游标卡尺 C.螺旋测微器
(2)用多用电表测合金丝的电阻。选用欧姆挡“×100”进行测量,如图1所示,指针静止在a位置;换挡重新测量,指针静止在b位置,测得合金丝电阻R=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/7/4114dcad-5d2d-4970-8e71-eeafc7179a2e.png?resizew=261)
(3)用如图2所示的器材测量合金丝电阻,用毫米刻度尺测出合金丝
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/7/d2108d33-f87a-45d4-b837-5b8366b7f36f.png?resizew=502)
(4)实验过程中,调节滑动变阻器,测出6组电压U和电流I的数据,作出U-I图像如图3所示,图线的斜率为k,该合金丝的电阻率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
(5)下列做法有助于减小实验误差的是
A.测合金丝长度时,测3次求平均值
B.测合金丝直径时,只在中间位置测一次
C.使用大电流且通电较长时间后进行电表读数
D.直接使用多用电表的电阻测量值计算电阻率
A.螺旋测微器、刻度尺
B.直流电源E(电动势为3V)
C. 电流表A(量程100mA,内阻为1.2Ω)
D.电压表V(量程3.0V,内阻未知)
E.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
F.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
G. 电阻箱R3(0~99.9Ω)
H.开关一只,导线若干
他们进行了以下操作
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径d如图1所示,该金属丝的直径为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/4/27/6ce8bae7-e6eb-483c-b0c1-d857b3ad3efd.png?resizew=530)
(2)实验时为避免烧毁电流表A,他们将电流表A和电阻箱
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5a2c4640b2bee411935f588fc5433c74.png)
(3)为方便操作,滑动变阻器应选择
(4)改变接入电路中的金属丝长度l并用刻度尺测量,调节滑动变阻器的滑片至合适的位置,使电压表的示数恒为2.4V,读出对应电流表示数I,将l、I转换为国际单位制后作出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e96fe4b12c745969608494884260876e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/367e788c32187ae2cc97aaa24da1d40d.png)
5 . 某科技小组为测量一种新型导电材料的电阻率,取一块厚度均匀、上下表面为正方形的该型导电材料,如图1所示。
(1)科技小组用多用电表的欧姆挡粗测该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻。机械调零、欧姆调零后,选择“挡”,按正确的操作步骤测量电阻,表盘的示数如图2所示,则该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻约为
。
(2)实验小组还想更精确地测量该导电材料沿AC方向的电阻,可供选择的实验器材如下:
A.电源(电动势,内阻不计)
B.定值电阻()
C.定值电阻()
D.电流表(量程
,内阻
)
E.电流表(量程
,内阻
)
F.滑动变阻器(阻值范围为
,允许通过的最大电流为
)
G.足量的导线与开关
为使实验误差尽可能小,要求电表的测量值在满偏值的以上,定值电阻应选用
”或“
”)。利用虚线框中电路图精确测量电阻
,在电路图中标明器材符号
(3)实验中测得两电流表、
的示数分别为
和
,可得电阻
(4)要测量该导电材料的电阻率还需要测量该导电材料的
(1)用螺旋测微器测量器件的直径,示数如图甲,其直径
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7c98c59cd4749afdd21e73529fc84323.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/1/ebc47b93-d128-489c-9655-fd06a708c80e.png?resizew=196)
(2)先用欧姆表“×100”挡粗测该器件的电阻,指针位置如图乙,为更准确地粗测其电阻,从下列步骤中选出再次粗测必要的操作并排序
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/1/2abf6693-2843-4fe1-88be-0d5d13c654c2.png?resizew=335)
①将选择开关旋转到欧姆挡“×1k”位置
②将选择开关旋转到欧姆挡“×10”位置
③将两表笔与器件相接完成测量
④将两表笔短接,调节欧姆调零旋钮使指针指向“0Ω”
⑤把选择开关旋转到交流电压最高档
⑥用螺丝刀调节指针定位螺丝,使指针指0
(3)粗测器件阻值约为180Ω,为精确测量器件的电阻Rx在额定电压时的阻值,要求测量时电表的读数不小于其量程的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4dac452fbb5ef6dd653e7fbbef639484.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/1/fe30a997-cf34-4563-9467-03680f1c2b55.png?resizew=185)
A.电流表A1(量程为60mA,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/81599580afcea9e8ec121faa69263f38.png)
B.电流表A2(量程为5mA,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c1abbdaf69dcea59ae6b507d3a421aba.png)
C.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/544a2218d1b67d3b5b278d2cb6f14fa9.png)
D.定值电阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/063d80adf727ca6de126d6f7d0f878f5.png)
E.滑动变阻器R(0~20Ω)
F.电压表V(量程为3V,内阻
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5926500660ed2e0936b13713537dca14.png)
G.蓄电池E(电动势为4V,内阻很小)
H.开关S,导线若干
(4)实验中根据两电表读数作出如图所示的图线(坐标均为国际单位),已知图线的斜率为k,则所测导电玻璃的电阻Rx=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/2/1/6a76f3e1-66e0-44ae-adf2-000338a70539.png?resizew=163)
(5)研究实验误差时发现实验所用定值电阻的阻值偏大,则电阻率的测量值将
(1)测量一段金属丝电阻时所用器材和部分电路连线如图1所示,图中的导线a端应与
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e43cca5751eff3d24b64cb51006d6d7.png)
(3)两同学进一步探究用镍铬丝将满偏电流
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4eb273d84bc795de514bad782eb3fe06.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e15aed3fbd47724fc71e5f6f840ddb4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5e15aed3fbd47724fc71e5f6f840ddb4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd707b69a11f8de5566f23c1a2a9ff5a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0fc45c950543fcdbf9004d0483da9f7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1ae44062065cb53f5cde5038c552bcf3.png)
(1)用螺旋测微器测量金属丝的直径,其中某一次测量结果如图所示,其读数应为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/4/0f72cb18-7c46-4158-a520-c3fb44f9cc4c.png?resizew=301)
(2)用伏安法测金属丝的电阻Rx。实验所用器材为电池组(电动势3 V,内阻不计)、电流表(内阻约0.1 Ω)、电压表(内阻约3 kΩ)、滑动变阻器R(0~20 Ω,额定电流2 A)、开关、导线若干。某小组同学利用以上器材正确连接好电路,进行实验测量,记录数据如下:
次数 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
U/V | 0.10 | 0.30 | 0.70 | 1.00 | 1.50 | 1.70 | 2.30 |
I/A | 0.020 | 0.060 | 0.160 | 0.220 | 0.340 | 0.460 | 0.520 |
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/4/b486ba86-eff7-4c84-9156-f648683646cc.png?resizew=313)
(3)如图是测量Rx的实验器材实物图,图中已连接了部分导线,滑动变阻器的滑片P置于变阻器的一端。请根据(2)所选的电路图,补充完成图中实物间的连线。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/4/b78c1dac-9979-4626-8878-5eec588134f0.png?resizew=272)
(4)这个小组的同学在坐标纸上建立U、I坐标系,如图所示,图中已标出了与测量数据对应的4个坐标点,请在图中标出第2、4、6次测量数据的坐标点,并描绘出U-I图线
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/4/7ad646f8-520f-4466-93e3-b8e2c925964d.png?resizew=300)
(5)根据以上数据可以估算出金属丝电阻率约为
A.1×10-2 Ω·m B.1×10-3Ω·m
C.1×10-6Ω·m D.1×10-8Ω·m
(6)任何实验测量都存在误差,本实验所用测量仪器均已校准,下列关于误差的说法中正确的是
A.用螺旋测微器测量金属丝直径时,由读数引起的误差属于系统误差
B.由电流表和电压表内阻引起的误差属于偶然误差
C.若将电流表和电压表的内阻计算在内,可以消除由测量仪表引起的系统误差
D.用U-I图像处理数据求金属丝电阻可以减小偶然误差
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be9b4a83b9aebebf29de0c4406ebf894.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/be9b4a83b9aebebf29de0c4406ebf894.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ce2581ae160692cd7e2686226fe5e2c6.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/14/8028425e-9115-4421-af4b-9e30d2222792.png?resizew=201)
(1)用螺旋测微器在金属丝上三个不同位置分别测量金属丝的直径,然后求出直径的平均值
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9d76f769eaa8423aa5f421eb5defeefc.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/14/6ecdf63d-11a6-4eb3-9f18-b96a233d4084.png?resizew=164)
(2)已知金属丝接入电路的阻值约为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1960912fca24f6caad8550a19aae1c83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff6940cb3021b9ddfa393ecddb5dd196.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/293cacc09b46a1b962f41e7969648b1e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
(3)按图甲连接好电路后,正确操作顺序是
①闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/73b23cbab70047c93491eb80efa0b790.png)
②将滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
③读出电压表的示数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e105760638b22b26ff8bec4354255e4c.png)
④闭合
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/faf00e98786113b9da8522e0fb4e3bbe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
⑤调节
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/19f20f21a9d50b61dac519a3ddab539d.png)
(4)用刻度尺测出金属丝接入电路部分的长度
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b30db97c39edcede2f0e7d4e075fecec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c88d9142df6ba8e43c1a93bd04a1362.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c02bc0c74292b1e8f395f90935d3174.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b52b4f24969673c863b5aff4fb6751ce.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e105760638b22b26ff8bec4354255e4c.png)
(5)实验中,若闭合开关
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/73b23cbab70047c93491eb80efa0b790.png)
A.电源E(电动势为3V,内阻不能忽略)
B.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acf35aa115963656d885b6440d6caa2c.png)
C.电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c9e65b2e896a5c2371ef4d17d58d2709.png)
D.滑动变阻器
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9efc18a5bb2e53586331b2a58538a48b.png)
E.电阻箱R(阻值范围为0~9999.9Ω)
F.开关和导线若干
(1)学习小组同学截取了一段导线,用米尺测出其长度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1828a871846ed4b40d27d2c1ea319bee.png)
(2)用螺旋测微器测量导线的直径,示数如图甲所示,则导线的直径d=
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/5/987fb95b-4832-4dda-ba7c-38ec5ed54802.png?resizew=124)
(3)学习小组同学经过讨论设计了如图乙所示的电路,请以笔划线代替导线将图丙中的实物图补充完整;
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/5/b7232e07-10cf-40df-a31e-c759f092a9cb.png?resizew=396)
(4)闭合开关,将滑动变阻器的滑片调节至合适位置,调节电阻箱的阻值,记录电流表
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/024e2379c58191758f8bd7602a6bcb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b34a75c2a392f235c5f07b91d9fb58d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f1ac49b4139636fb1809fe970b23a87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d1a0fd1ad044a9ecfcba672779bd678.png)
(5)根据测量的多组数据作出
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3417913d6322bdad9e7851611e8ab4c7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/67c1313842b62428737610b14806d883.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/171102a883b22fe6ca578efc8926f5b8.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/5/c4b51505-91ff-4aac-b5e1-65c8ce405105.png?resizew=166)
(6)学习小组同学查阅资料得知几种导体材料常温时的电阻率如下表所示,在误差允许范围内,则待测导线的材质是
表:几种导体材料常温时的电阻率
材料 | 铜 | 铝 | 钨 | 锰铜合金 | 镍铜合金 | 镍铬合金 |
ρ/(Ω·m) |