1 . Have you ever heard someone say, “you totally look like you’re a Jessica” or something similar? People seem to think that they know what kind of person a “Jessica” or a “Michael” looks like. Why is this?
According to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, humans tend to associate people’s names with their appearance, and can even guess someone’s name based on how they look.
Researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, collected thousands of photos of people’s faces. They labeled each photo with four names. Then, they asked volunteers to guess which of the four names was correct.
The volunteers were able to guess the right name 38 percent of the time. It seems that certain characteristics of faces give them clues about someone’s name, Reader’s Digest reported.
However, this only worked when the volunteers looked at names from their own culture. In addition, the volunteers were not as good at guessing the real names of people who used nicknames more often than their real names. This may show that a person’s appearance is affected by their name only if they use it often.
This kind of face-name matching happens “because of a process of self-fulfilling prophecy (自我实现预言), as we become what other people expect us to become.” Ruth Mayo from the university told science news website EurekAlert.
Earlier studies have shown that gender and race stereotypes (刻板印象) can affect a person’s appearance. The researchers believe there are also similar stereotypes about names. For example, people tend to think that men named Bob should have rounder faces because the word itself looks round. People may think that women named Rose are beautiful. They expect them to be “delicate” and “feminine(女性的)”, just like the flower they are named for.
1. What was the purpose of the study?| A．To find out today’s most popular English names. |
| B．To learn how names influence personality. |
| C．To find out whether names relate to their looks. |
| D．To show how men’s names are different from women’s. |
| A．Volunteers found it easier to guess nicknames correctly. |
| B．Names may have different associations in different cultures. |
| C．Volunteers could guess the characteristics of those people. |
| D．The people in the photos and volunteers were from the same country. |
| A．They tend to become what others expect them to become. |
| B．They want to please everyone around them. |
| C．They don’t want to be different from others. |
| D．They like to copy famous people who share the same name. |
| A．Earlier studies about stereotypes are limited. |
| B．Stereotypes about names can bring good results. |
| C．Stereotypes about names can affect people’s looks. |
| D．It’s not always bad to be influenced by the expectations of others. |
2 . I received a private message on Facebook. It began harmlessly enough: “Hey, girl. Wanted to invite you to join my next challenge group—we’ll be focusing on fitting in 30 minutes of exercise and balanced nutrition.”
It was all becoming too much. Facebook was running my life, not me.
But what killed Facebook for me was when I posted a photo, and five minutes later my son asked me how many “likes” it had got. His question was a wake-up call.
“Likes” are signs of acceptance and approval. I had forgotten that acceptance and approval need to come from within and had unknowingly set him a bad example.
Before Facebook, surfing the internet was an occasional distraction and I spent a lot more time reading books and magazines. I checked in with friends through texts, emails and phone calls.
To recreate the simplicity of those days and set a healthier example to my son, I deactivated my Facebook account.
I’d been in the habit of checking Facebook many times a day, so I had to come up with some new habits. I carried a novel and a crossword puzzle book around with me. I rediscovered knitting. I started taking yoga classes.
I started to remember a few things. My body is fine just the way it is. I have friends who will help me out when I’m in trouble, and I will help them out. I do my best to be a good mother, and our son is happy and healthy. We are very lucky to be able to afford two vacations a year.
I stopped looking at the world through my cellphone. I felt completely present in the moment.
The break left me feeling better about myself, my family, my home and my life.
After a few weeks, I returned to Facebook. Now I look at the photos of my friends’ kids growing up and treasure how social media allows me to keep in touch with family far and wide. I look in on a daily basis, but no longer with the desire constantly to post updates.
It is not an addiction any more.
1. What was the author’s life like before her break from Facebook?| A．She enjoyed reading in her free time. |
| B．She spent much time on social media. |
| C．She didn’t get along well with her son. |
| D．She didn’t care what others thought of her. |
| A．close | B．update | C．keep | D．check |
| A．She went to the gym as often as she could. |
| B．She developed some healthy habits. |
| C．She tried to make money for her holidays. |
| D．She traveled around a lot for a year. |
| A．Critical. | B．Supportive. | C．Objective. | D．Indifferent. |
3 . When my teenaged son became seriously ill, terrible times for my family began. Our once-happy home became tense and
One evening, my son and I were talking about
“You couldn’t get a sound? What’s so
Seeing his face light up, we felt as if the gloom(黑暗) had
| A．content | B．depressed | C．puzzled | D．excited |
| A．looking for | B．suffering from | C．caring for | D．moving off |
| A．conversation | B．meal | C．vacation | D．party |
| A．diseases | B．relationships | C．festivals | D．gifts |
| A．moved | B．satisfied | C．disappointed | D．embarrassed |
| A．although | B．if | C．so | D．but |
| A．made | B．worked | C．mattered | D．served |
| A．picked out | B．cut of | C．packed away | D．thrown away |
| A．argument | B．research | C．treatment | D．trouble |
| A．happy | B．useful | C．hard | D．funny |
| A．blew | B．observed | C．cleaned | D．shook |
| A．never | B．only | C．hardly | D．even |
| A．chewed | B．lost | C．rooted | D．trapped |
| A．risk | B．seat | C．turn | D．rest |
| A．laughing | B．damaging | C．complaining | D．fighting |
| A．fallen | B．filled | C．lifted | D．approached |
| A．minutes | B．days | C．weeks | D．months |
| A．calm | B．light | C．bad | D．confident |
| A．connection | B．experiment | C．share | D．experience |
| A．recommend | B．reminds | C．warms | D．promises |
It’s hard to imagine life without smartphones or mobile devices. But it wasn’t until 3G that smartphones began to influence and change our life. Since then, faster network speeds have been contributing to the creation and widespread use of cloud technology enabling ride-sharing apps， HD entertainment, and video calls. While 3G and 4G powered these services, 5G represents another connectivity jump beginning this year.
5G is known for last speeds, low latency—the time between data request and its delivery, and more capacity—the amount that the data can be contained, setting the stage for immediate improvements to existing experiences as well as the development of new, yet-to-be-imagined technological advancements.
From day 1, 5G is designed to make everything faster, providing fiber-like speeds to support great demand for unlimited data. You should notice improved download speeds, superior quality video streaming and virtually instant cloud access as 5G is launched in 2019. And it should be easier than ever to download your favorite series at the airport or deliver massive files to colleagues when you’re on the go. What’s more，5G is designed to deliver entirely new real-time experiences we’ve never had before.
One good thing about 5 G and edge computing is extended reality， which could transform your experience from passive watching to living the moment. The other good thing is AR shopping， which can make the shopping experience more fun， an experience that can allow you to see how a sofa will fit in your home， a try-it-before-you-buy-it type of experience.
2020 has been declared the year in which 5G will become commercially possible. Global carriers have started 5G speed trials. Developed cities will be the first to experience 5G， as rural areas currently lack the infrastructure (基础设施) to support the network. In order to continue to advance technologically， we will need a stronger network. The future of innovation (创新) depends on the successful implementation (实现) of 5G—and when we get there， it will truly revolutionize the world.
1. What is 5G known for? (不多于7个单词)2. What are the two good things about 5G? (不多于5个单词)
3. Where will 5G first be experienced? (不多于3个单词)
4. What is the purpose of the passage? (不多于4个单词)
New York Film Academy (NYFA) Summer Camps for Teens The New York Film Academy offers various summer camps for teens and camps during the school year designed for high school students who are interested in the performing arts. |
DOCUMENTARY CAMP
Offered at LA school, the Four-Week Documentary Camp is designed to provide high school students with a hands-on introduction to documentary filmmaking. Students are involved in the creative and technical demands of making a documentary while gaining experience working with industry-standard equipment on original projects that apply what students learn in the camp to original video content. |
SCREENWRITING CAMP
Designed for those creative individuals who prefer to create exciting and new stories through their words， NYFA,s Three-Week Screenwriting Camp absorbs future screenwriters in script writing， with no previous experience needed. If you’ve ever wanted to see whether you could write your own movie, then this is the camp for you. |
GAME DESIGN CAMP
From popular console games (主机游戏) to the ever-growing mobile game market， video games are everywhere you look. At NFYA’s One-Week and Four-Week Game Design Camps， students work with our staff of professional game designers to learn the base of game design and obtain the skills they require to create their own games. |
3D ANIMATION CAMP
Whether you’re interested in learning how to create an original 3D animated short film or simulate (模仿) realistic visual effects, NYFA’s Three-Week and Four-Week 3D Animation Camps, offered at Harvard University and our NYC and LA school, provide students with professional instructions to give them a strong footing in the field. Students can choose 3D Animation Summer Camps and spend their summer bringing their imagination to life. |
Interested in learning more about NYFA’s unique Photography Summer Camps? Click here for additional information about the application process. |
| A．Documentary Camp | B．Screenwriting Camp |
| C．Game Design Camp | D．3D Animation Camp |
| A．Screenwriting Camp requires experienced students |
| B．Documentary Camp provides a three-week program |
| C．students in Game Design Camp learn to play video games |
| D．students in 3D Animation Camp receive professional instructions |
| A．provide information | B．make comparisons |
| C．give some advice | D．express opinions |
6 . How to Find Something You Like to Do
Finding something you enjoy doing can improve the quality of your life and reduce your stress levels.
Research the hobby or activity you would like to get involved in. Find out how much time and money you will need to devote to starting and continuing the activity. For example, some sports—related interests might require special equipment.
Talk with other people who are involved in some of the activities you are interested in.
| A．Think about how a hobby benefits you. |
| B．A hobby can connect you with other people. |
| C．Take a chance on a hobby and see how it turns out. |
| D．Think about how much free time you can devote to a hobby. |
| E．You can find information about hobbies and interests on Find My Hobby’s website. |
| F．You can get first—hand knowledge by interviewing someone about a particular hobby. |
| G．It takes a long time and energy to decide whether a particular hobby is right for you. |
7 . Brian Hamilton’s life changed in a prison when he was accompanying his friend, Reverend Robert J. Harris, who often went to local prisons to do his work. During the visit, Hamilton started talking to one of the prisoners and asked what he was going to do when he got out.
“He said he was going to get a job,” Hamilton recalls(回忆). “I thought to myself, wow, that’s going to be difficult with a criminal background.”
The conversation made Hamilton consider how prisoners could benefit from entrepreneurship, something he thought about for years. Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial conversation, Hamilton created Inmates to Entrepreneurs, a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses. “Harris and I taught our first course at a prison called ‘ How to Start Your Own Business When You Get Out’ ,” he recalls.
At the time, Hamilton was building his own company, Sageworks. As Sageworks grew, so did Hamilton’ s time spent teaching at prisons throughout North Carolina.
Eventually, Hamilton decided it was time to change his focus to his true passion. In May 2018, he sold his stake(股份) in Sageworks, focusing his commitment on Inmates to Entrepreneurs.
“Now, anyone is able to access the curriculum, either to become an instructor to go into prisons to teach it or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population,” Hamilton explains. In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the curriculum to at-risk students as a preventative measure against crime.
The free curriculum is funded by the recently established Brian Hamilton Foundation, which offers assistance to military members as they adjust to civilian life and provides loans to small businesses. “We’re giving prisoners something they can do independent of a system that isn’t working for them. If you can let people know that other people care about them, it makes a difference.”
1. Why did Brian Hamilton think the prisoner couldn’t easily find a job after getting out?| A．He didn’t have any special skills. |
| B．He would have his criminal background with him. |
| C．He would break the criminal law again and again. |
| D．He couldn’t access the courses provided by the prison. |
| A．Thinking of a good idea after working hard for years. |
| B．Trying one’s best because of being kept in a small place. |
| C．Making money by starting or running one’s own businesses. |
| D．Having a job in a profitable company owned by the government. |
| A．It often assists military members. | B．It provides loans to small businesses. |
| C．It’s independent of the social system. | D．Its curriculum has been largely broadened. |
| A．A man made a fruitless visit to the prison. |
| B．A man sold his business to teach prisoners. |
| C．A man realized his dream of being a teacher. |
| D．A man successfully created two organizations. |
8 . A walker seriously injured in a mountaintop lightning strike which killed two others is showing signs of improvement, the police have said. A major rescue operation was performed on Sunday following two strikes which hit the Brecon Beacons, South Wales. Two men died, while two others were taken to hospital.
A police spokeswoman said, “A man in a serious condition in hospital, following simultaneous(同时发生的)incidents in the Brecon Beacons, has now improved and he is recovering. Officers are continuing to get in touch with the next of relatives of the dead men and enquiries are ongoing. All men were believed to be from England.”
Mark Jones,of the Brecon Mountain Rescue Team, described the lightning strike as a freak accident, and something he had not been called out to in 30 years of service.
The walking group Ramblers Cymru said that while incidents involving thunder and lightning were rare, electrical storms should be taken seriously by walkers.
The organisation's delivery officer, Elly Hannigan Popp, said, “We'd advise everyone to check the weather forecast before starting a walk. If you hear thunder, see lightning or if your hair stands on end, postpone activities even if the sky looks blue and clear. Lightning will strike as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall. Lightning can strike the same place repeatedly—especially tall, pointed, isolated objects.”
“If there is no shelter you should keep moving. And if you become the tallest object, crouch(蹲)in the open twice as far away from the nearest pointed object as it is tall. Make yourself as small as possible, stay on your toes and keep your heels together, as it will allow electricity to go up one foot, through the heels and back into the ground through the other.”
1. What can we learn about the victims of the incident?| A．Both of the injured men are recovering slowly. |
| B．The bodies of the two men haven't been found. |
| C．The four men involved may be from the same country. |
| D．The police cannot contact the two dead men's relatives. |
| A．Because the accident is very serious. |
| B．To announce where the victims come from. |
| C．Because the police are looking into the accident. |
| D．To tell the readers some facts of the incident. |
| A．Unusual. | B．Regular. |
| C．Unimportant. | D．Frightening. |
| A．Harm done by lightning. | B．Warnings from a delivery officer. |
| C．First aid in a lightning incident. | D．Safety tips on a lightning strike. |
9 . I like my job. It may be my nature that draws me to this kind of job. I work at Izzy's Pizza Bar.
One day an elderly couple came in just after 3p. m. The first thing they said was, **Where is Nan?" Nan is my mother. She was not in that day. It was her day off.
Later that night, I waited on two men. It took some effort to get them to be friendly. I explained I was waitressing over the summer to make some extra cash for school.
Once all the customers had finished eating, I began my closing duties, using the time to reflect on my day, or rather, life. I rushed around getting everything done, thinking about those two men.
| A．I had always received a positive response from everyone else I had told |
| B．Everyone should have equal opportunities in getting a job |
| C．I also said I was grateful that my mom had trained me |
| D．On the contrary, I felt really proud |
| E．This couple got a lot of enjoyment out of eating in this restaurant |
| F．You could say they were very disappointed to know that |
| G．Your job doesn't have to state who you are as a person |
10 . The early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes, and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.
The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.
As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece of plastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.
Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way back home.
1. Why do baby turtles move to the sea at night?| A．They dislike sunshine. |
| B．They prefer lower temperatures. |
| C．They can find food easily then. |
| D．They need to avoid enemies. |
| A．Pitiful. | B．Careless. |
| C．Interesting. | D．Courageous. |
| A．They mainly feed on fish and meat. |
| B．They always produce eggs at their birthplaces. |
| C．They can live for around forty years. |
| D．They visit their beach homes several times a year. |
| A．The homes of green sea turtles. |
| B．How sea turtles find their food. |
| C．The dangers faced by sea turtles. |
| D．How young turtles become adults. |
