1 . You probably take many steps to protect your computer from getting a virus, but what about your cell phone? Cell phones are basically mini-computers, so, believe it or not, they too can get viruses.

“Viruses and malware（恶意软件）should not be a major concern to the average consumer who uses their device to make phone calls, take pictures, and download a few well-known apps from the major app marketplaces,” Tim Katsch Vice President of iDropped said. “If a user is downloading a lot of apps, changing and exploring settings within the device, and visiting a large number of websites from unknown sources, virus and malware protection should be kept on their mind.” If your phone gets a virus it can mess up your data, put random charges on your bill, and get private information such as your bank account number, credit card information, passwords, and your location.

The most common way that you could get a virus on your phone would be through downloading an infected app. Viruses can also get on your phone when you click on strange links or open up an email that contains a virus. Connecting to an unsecured wireless network in a public place is also a way for hackers（黑客）to get private information from your device.

If you're still convinced that your phone might get a virus, there are anti-virus apps that you can download that will constantly scan your phone to make sure it hasn't developed a virus, Apps like these will also check things before you download them to ensure that they are safe. Another tip is to always look over your cell phone bill every month to make sure there aren't charges from apps that you never downloaded.

Technology is getting smarter, but so are hackers, and it's important to always be cautious with anything you do on your phone. Many people store a lot of personal information on their phones, and while that might make life a little more convenient, it can also do a lot of damage if hacked.

1. What can we learn from Tim Katsch's words?

A．The wireless network in the public places is safe to use.

B．Viruses and malware will most probably attack average phones.

C．Downloading a lot of apps will protect your phone from being hacked.

D．The average consumer needn't worry much about a virus or malware.

2. What's the most common way that your phone gets a virus?

A．Downloading an infected app.

B．Clicking on close friends' links.

C．Connecting to your mobile data.

D．Changing your private information.

3. What does the last paragraph convey?

A．Harm set, harm get.

B．Every coin has two sides.

C．Kill two birds with one stone.

D．Technology makes life smarter.

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A．Anti-Virus Apps Make Your Cell Phone Safe?

B．Viruses and Malware Damage Your Cell Phone?

C．Worried About Your Cell Phone Catching a Virus?

D．Ready to Fight Against the Hackers to Your Cell Phone?

2 . There's much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.

Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!

What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths (波长) of light that are reflected from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.

Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue, wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!

1. You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because ________ .

A．it is not as close as it seems	B．you are not quick enough
C．it disappears very quickly	D．your eyesight is quite poor

2. The example of the wet suits is used to explain the change of ________ of an object underwater.

A．the size	B．the color
C．the position	D．the weight

3. The underlined word “descend” probably means “________” in this passage.

A．sink

B．stop

C．float

D．rise

4. The best title of this passage is ________.

A．The Standard of Color Underwater	B．The Direction of Light Underwater
C．The Behavior of Light Underwater	D．The Brightness of Color Underwater