3 . Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social _________ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will _________ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to _________ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly _________ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?

In the laboratory, chimps don’t _________ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull _________ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, _________, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this _________ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally _________ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very __________ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave __________. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence __________ in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the __________ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can __________ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) __________goal.

4 . In 2020, Nancy Ballard, a 60-year-old retired entrepreneur, went for a routine checkup at her doctor’s office that turned into something extraordinary. In fact, she was carrying a painting of a plant she’d done when she arrived there. “It would be great if we had _________ like that for our chemotherapy rooms (化疗室),” the nurse said. Ballard asked to see one.

She was shocked by _________ she found. The walls were grey and bare, and the paint was chipping. “_________, the patients here have nothing to look at while taking chemo drips,” she said, “I couldn’t imagine how anyone could even get healthy in such _________rooms like that.” She made it her mission to _________ the place.

She started by e-mailing 20 local interior _________. She wrote, “You don’t know me. But my heart _________ after seeing these rooms.” She then asked whether they would _________ their time and money to transform just one of chemotherapy rooms each.

Six of them leapt into _________ action and each designer chose a theme: The dragonfly room, for example, __________ bright artworks and dragonfly wall ornaments. Most rooms got new __________, lights, artworks, and furniture. When the transformation was done __________, Dr. Hufford was delighted. “All the patients feel __________ by it,” he said. He even noted that his own tone of voice was __________ in the rooms and that he was better able to connect with his patients. Ballard was so encouraged by the patients’ reactions, but when praised, she said, “What I did paled __________ the patients’ courage to fight cancer”.

8 . As a medical student, I was absorbed in studying and hardly spoke with real patients in a hospital. Then I started visiting local hospitals to gather _________ for my essay (论文)．

One cold evening, I was “hunting” for the final three patients I needed to _________ my study. The records showed a 43­year­old patient, Ms. A, was in the ward (病房) still _________ from her recent stroke (中风), no relatives or friends with her. When I sat down on a chair next to her bed and told her my _________, she agreed. The questionnaire (问卷) was made up of three simple questions. Before I could _________ after finishing it, Ms. A spoke up in her weak voice, “Doc, do you think I can get back to my _________ life?” Deep in my heart, I wished I were her doctor. I replied that _________ I didn’t know much about her case, I could tell her what I had learned about the recovery of stroke patients.

Ms. A then talked about herself. She told me that her husband died and her pay as a cleaner was _________ enough for her kids. I didn’t know what to say. Looking into her eyes, I _________ to remember the lessons from a communication skills class a few years earlier, but my mind was __________. Without realizing it, I had begun holding Ms. A’s hand. Since I didn’t have anything to say, I just sat __________ while she talked. That’s when it __________ me that she was not expecting any __________ from me. She just wanted me to listen. All I did was nodding my head as a way of showing my __________. Finally, Ms. A stopped talking. “I’m very __________ for keeping you here, but I feel __________ now.” Finally, I knew what to say. “It’s OK, Madam. It’s part of my __________.”

Ms. A taught me one of the most important __________ a doctor can learn. Sometimes patients do not need expensive medicine. They just need someone with __________ and willingness to lend an ear and __________ a little of their time.

9 . When Arfel Condova-Rojas was biking to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge last November, she planned to go bird-watching. Bingo! A mile into her walk, she saw a female _________ near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas had worked at a wild bird rehab (康复) center and _________ that swans can be aggressive. But as she approached this time, it didn’t _________. She was certain that the bird needed _________ attention. Cordova-Rojas put her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, _________ picked it up and held it in her arms. And then a thought _________ her: What should I do now?

Her best _________ was the rehab center, but that was on the other side of town. How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her _________ all that way? Luckily, some _________ driving by offered her, her bike and the swan a (n) __________ to the rehab center.

Staff members at the rehab center __________ that the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning. They got the swan back up on her feet. __________, the swan had a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her __________, she passed away.

It’s a (n)__________ ending, but the story shows just how far people are willing to go to __________ animals.

10 . Fifth grade teacher Langford is trying to make a mark on her students. Recently she wrote personalized_______messages across her students’ desks. The words were meant to give her students an increase of _______before their standardized tests.

“When the kids come, they need to_______ that even though they’re away from their families at home, there are people here who love and_________ them and hope the best for them. And   _______believe in them, ” Langford said.

Langford wrote _______on the kids’ desks in dry erase marker. She knew each individual student would   _______ special quotes and key words.

The teacher explained that the messages were _______ by the growth mindset idea. The concept is the _______that abilities can be developed through hard work and devotion, rather than just __________. The sweet notes seemed to have ________. Langford said that the students were happy to see their desks________.

She said,“I think it   ________their stress a bit. They were excited. Some of them wanted to keep them on their________ forever.”

________she wants her students to know that she will________them strongly. “I do believe they can do anything they want to do.”

Langford’s act not only________her students, but also other educators. “It’s really encouraging and it’s ________ to be appreciated, ” she said. “If I inspire even one ________to do the same, that’ll be so________ .”