1 . Runners who encounter visual and auditory (听觉的) distractions (分心) may be more likely to suffer leg injuries, according to a research by the Association of Academic Physiatrists in Las Vegas. Runners often seek distractions from the task at hand. Whether it is music, texting, daydreaming, taking in the sights, or propping a book up on the treadmill (跑步机), more often than not a distraction is welcome. But, researchers from the University of Florida have recently discovered that those distractions may lead to injury.
Daniel Herman, MD, PhD, assistant professor at University of Florida, and his team conducted a research on the effect of visual and auditory distractions on 14 runners to determine what effect, if any, these distractions would have on things such as heart rate, how much a runner breathes per minute, how much oxygen is consumed by the body, the speed in which runners apply force to their bodies, and the force the ground applies to the runners’ bodies when they come in contact with it.
The runners were all injury free at the time of the study and ran 31 miles each week. Dr. Herman’s team had each participant run on a treadmill three separate times. The first time was without any distractions. The second time added a visual distraction, during which the runners concatenated on a screen displaying different letters in different colors with the runners having to note when a specific letter-color combination appeared. The third time added an auditory distraction similar to the visual distraction, with the runners having to note when a particular word was spoken by a particular voice.
When compared to running without distractions, the participants had faster application of force to their left and right legs, called loading rate, with auditory and visual distractions. They also experienced a increased amount of force from the ground on both legs, called ground reaction force, with auditory distractions. Finally, the runners tended to breathe heavier and have higher heart rates with visual and auditory distractions than without any distractions at all.
“Running in environments with different distractions may unfavorably affect running performance and injury risk.” explains Dr. Herman. “Sometimes these things cannot be avoided, but you may be able to minimize potentially cumulative (累积的) effects. For example, when running a new route in a chaotic environment such as during a destination marathon, you may want to skip listening to something which may require more attention-like a new song playlist.”
Dr Herman’s team will continue to investigate the potential relationship between distracted running and leg injuries, and any effect this relationship has on different training techniques that use auditory or visual clues.
1. Which of the following actions unlikely lead to injuries while running?| A．Listening to music. |
| B．Reading books on a treadmill. |
| C．Sending messages to friends. |
| D．Wearing a cap. |
| A．process | B．questions | C．results | D．reflection |
| A．breathe beaver and have lower heart rates |
| B．gain a faster speed with slower loading rates |
| C．apply more force with less oxygen consumption |
| D．get an increased amount of ground reaction force |
| A．Running with distractions becomes uncommon nowadays. |
| B．Listening to a new song while running guarantees performance. |
| C．Runners are advised to minimize distractions in a destination marathon. |
| D．Runners are more likely to get injured in an environment without distractions. |
| A．What determines training techniques. |
| B．What effective ways can cure leg injuries. |
| C．Why runners use auditory and visual clues. |
| D．How distractions should be used in training. |
2 . New events and changes of junior golf competition calendar
New events
Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship
What does a junior golfer aim to pursue? One thing is to be noticed, ideally by a college coach. A remarkable opportunity will be offered by the Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship to its participants: an event broadcast by Golf Channel. Players aged between eight and 18 can compete in the new event; information about where and when it will be held will be released later.
Barbasol Junior Championship
Beginning the career in the PGA Tour is something that a junior golfer tends to dream of. The Barbasol Junior Championship, which is scheduled to take place between June 29 and July 2 at Keene Trace Golf Club in Nicholasville, Kentucky, will provide such an opportunity. Boys under 19 years old will qualify for this new 54-hole event, and the winner will be awarded a spot at the PGA Tour's Barbasol Championship in July.
Changed events
Thunderbird International Junior
The dates of the AJGA's Thunderbird International Junior have to be changed since the NCAA Championships move to Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona, for the next three years. Generally, the Thunderbird is played at the end of May. However, this year it is scheduled on different dates for the first time, from April 9 to 12, which means, of course, that the finish date is on Masters Sunday.
Gator Invitational
Junior golf intends to prepare for the following college golf. If this is the case, then it is crucial to simulate the higher-level experience as much as possible. Because of that, the Gator Invitational, as a junior boys' event, has made a significant decision on becoming a 54-hole event by adding a round this year. The new version will be played from March 13 to 15 at The Country Club of Jackson in Jackson, Mississippi.
1. Which event can be watched on TV?| A．Notah BegayⅢ Junior Golf National Championship. | B．Barbasol Junior Championship. |
| C．Thunderbird International Junior. | D．Gator Invitational. |
| A．At the end of May. | B．From April 9 to 12. |
| C．Between June 29 and July 2. | D．From March 13 to 15. |
| A．The award given to the winner | B．The place where it is played. |
| C．The required age of the players. | D．The number of rounds it has. |
