1 . 假定你是李华。你在英国的网友Martin擅长长跑，请你用英语给他写封邮件，建议他来你们市参加马拉松比赛 (marathon)，内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 你的帮助。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Martin,

How are you doing in England?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How do you like my advice? Looking forward to your reply!

Yours,

Li Hua

3 . Though diet and exercise are recommended as ways to improve health, new UC Riverside research in mice is the first to examine the long-lasting, combined effects of both factors when they are experienced early in life.

“Any time you go to a doctor with concerns about your weight, almost without fail, the doctor recommends that you exercise and eat less,” said researcher Marcell Cadney. “That’s why it’s surprising that most studies only look at diet or exercise separately. In this study, we wanted to include both,” he said.

The researchers found that early-life exercise led to reduced anxious behaviors and an increase in adult muscle and brain mass. When fed Western-style diets high in fat and sugar, the mice not only became fatter, but also grew into adults that preferred unhealthy food.

To obtain the findings, the researchers divided the young mice into four groups — those with access to exercise, those without access, those fed a standard, healthy diet and those who ate a Western diet. Mice started their diets immediately after weaning (断奶), and continued with them for three weeks until they reached adulthood. After an additional eight weeks of “washout”, during which all mice were housed without wheels and on a healthy diet, the researchers did a behavioral analysis and measured levels of several different hormones (激素).

One of those they measured, leptin, is produced by fat cells. It helps control body weight by increasing energy consumption and signaling that less food is required. Early-life exercise increased adult leptin levels in adult mice, regardless of the diet they ate. Previously, the research team found that eating too much fat and sugar as a child can change the microbiome (微生物群) for life, even if they later eat more healthily. Going forward, the team plans to study whether fat or sugar is more responsible for the negative effects they measured in Western-diet-fed mice.

This study offers great opportunities for health interventions in childhood habits. “Our findings may be related to understanding the potential effects of activity reductions and dietary changes associated with overweight,” said Marcell.

1. What is special about the new UCR research?

A．It finds the relation between health and diet.

B．It is the first to study the effect of exercise.

C．It takes both exercise and diet into account.

D．It gives equal importance to physical and mental health.

2. What may early-life exercise contribute to?

A．Stronger bones.	B．A peaceful mind.
C．A desire for healthy food.	D．The various microbiome for life.

3. What does the underlined word “leptin” in the last but one paragraph refer to?

A．A diet.

B．A mouse.

C．A behavior.

D．A hormone.

4. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．Early-life health habits matter.

B．It’s never too late to make a change.

C．A healthy body leads to a healthy mind.

D．Dietary habits make a difference to children’s behavior

4 . In the sport of track and field, athletes compete not only with one another but against themselves, and in each race they try to achieve the new personal best.

For one Nebraska teen running in what would likely to be his final cross-country outing before graduating from high school, his personal best turned out not to be marking the fastest time but displaying the biggest heart.

Although it was a long shot when he came out from the starting position last Thursday, Brandon Schutt from Bellevue East High School knew if his time was good enough that day, he still had the potential to qualify for the upcoming state meet. A mile into the 3.1-mile race, however, Schutt realized he wasn’t going to be able to keep up the necessary momentum (势头). Rather than risking injury, he slowed to a comfortable pace that would allow him to simply get pleasure from the moment and the day.

Meanwhile, Blake Cerveny from Omaha Burke High School was running a very different kind of race. Aiming to beat his own personal record, after a fast start, he continued to push himself hard.

With less than 400 meters to go, Cerveny’s legs cramped up (抽筋), but he didn’t give up. Cerveny rose from the ground and continued on, only to fall again after another 150 meters and again... About 100 meters away from the finish line, he lay curled on the ground. His legs had simply given out.

Before Cerveny’s dad could reach his son, Brandon Schutt was at his side to offer a helping hand. The two completed the final meters of the course. Schutt even made sure the injured runner crossed the finish line first, securing his opponent a faster time.

In today’s competitive world, while the emphasis in athletics is so often on breaking records, it is inspiring to see an athlete like Brandon Schutt.

1. What does the underlined phrase “a long shot” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Simple to compete.	B．Unlikely to succeed.
C．Exciting to be qualified.	D．Surprising to break records.

2. Why did Brandon Schutt slow down after a mile?

A．To have a final push.	B．To help Blake Cerveny.
C．To examine his wounds.	D．To enjoy the competition.

3. What can we learn about Blake Cerveny in the race?

A．He didn’t cross the finish line.	B．He was generous to help others.
C．He was a person of determination.	D．He was affected by his physical disability.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．The love for sports.	B．The sport of track and field.
C．The importance of perseverance.	D．The value of true sportsmanship.

6 . Daily physical activity is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. For this reason, many architects and designers are working to create buildings that encourage people to make exercise a part of their ordinary routine. The movement to promote healthy activity through architecture is called active design. It began in 1998 as part of a university public health program, and it has since gained popularity in cities around the world. Active design uses a number of techniques to encourage the occupants of a building to be more active.

One of the most important strategies of active design is inspiring people to make walking part of their routine. A particularly successful tool for promoting walking is the skip-stop elevator. These elevators stop only on every second or third floor, leaving riders to take the stairs in order to reach their destination. Another strategy of active design is to make stairs more pleasant and inviting. Instead of creating dark stairwells that are located in isolated parts of buildings, active design uses well-lit and centrally placed stairs to encourage more foot traffic. Skip-stop elevators and appealing stair design are both effective tools of active design because they offer incentive and opportunity for exercise. In fact, researchers studying a building that employs both skip-stop elevators and more attractive stair design said that 70 percent of building occupants reported using the stairs every day.

Active design encourages physical activity using not only the interior features of a building, but the relationship between a building and its surroundings as well. A building that employs active design may integrate outdoor space in order to make the environment more engaging and promote physical activity. Some elements that architects use to incorporate the exterior with the interior are glass walls, interior gardens or park spaces, and courtyards with open ceilings, all of which de-emphasize the boundaries between inside and outside. These elements make the building more physically and mentally invigorating. Similarly, by increasing the number of entrances and exits to a building, architects can help keep a building’s users interested in their surroundings by providing a variety of routes for them to use. If people continue to be stimulated by new sights or experiences, they are less likely to choose the quickest and easiest path to their destination and may instead choose a more physically challenging route.

1. What does the underlined word “incentive” in paragraph 2 mean?

A．requirement	B．encouragement
C．technique	D．assistance

2. Why does the author discuss dark stairwells in paragraph 2?

A．To demonstrate the differences between elevator and stairwell design.

B．To describe one advantage of using skip-stop elevators in buildings.

C．To make a point about why people don’t use the stairs often.

D．To argue that skip-stop elevators may lead to design failures.

3. Which of the following is NOT a way that architects weaken the boundary between indoor and outdoor spaces?

A．Creating more routes for entering and exiting.

B．Building gardens inside the building.

C．Creating spaces with open ceilings.

D．Using see-through materials.

4. How does paragraph 2 relate to paragraph 3 in the passage?

A．Para 2 describes an early model of a design discussed in para 3.

B．Para 3 argues about the effectiveness of the technique from para 2.

C．Para 3 introduces a different strategy than the one discussed in para 2.

D．Para 2 explains a technique, and para 3 gives examples of how it is used.

7 . A new study, a project of the researchers from the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, finds the fitness tracker probably does not help with weight loss.

The devices are designed to record your physical activity. They are usually worn around the wrist, where they measure a person’s heart rate. The research team looked at two groups of individuals. The first wore a fitness tracker and took part in health counseling (咨询) with experts to consider the best weight-loss plan. The researchers compared this group with people who only got health counseling.

The study found that those only speaking with the health experts lost nearly 6 kilograms, but those using a fitness tracker lost only 3.5 kilograms. John Jakicic, the lead researcher, questioned the use of electronic devices for weight control in place of “effective behavioral counseling for physical activity and diet. ”

The study involved 470 subjects aged between 18 and 35. Some of them were overweight, while others were considered obese (肥胖的). Over three fourths of the subjects were women. All the subjects were told to increase physical activity and start on a low-calorie diet. They had their weight measured once every six months. After six months, researchers divided the group into two parts: one continued with monthly counseling, while members of the other group were given a fitness tracker. Eighteen months later, both groups “showed significant improvements in fitness, physical activity, and diet,” with no major difference between groups. However, when it came to losing weight, the people who only spoke with experts lost nearly twice as much weight.

Jakicic said, “the study’s findings are important because effective long-term treatments are needed to address America’s obesity. ” More information is needed, he added, to learn how to best use these devices to change “physical activity and diet behaviors” in adults who want to lose weight.

1. All the subjects in the study were asked to ________.

A．start on a high-calorie diet	B．wear a fitness tracker
C．increase physical activities	D．record their heart rates

2. Why does Jakicic think the findings are important?

A．Wearing fitness trackers hardly helps people lose weight.

B．Physical activity and diet have no effect on weight loss.

C．Handling obesity requires effective long-term treatments.

D．There are great differences in fitness between both groups.

3. What can we infer about the study mentioned in the text?

A．The study went on for about two years.

B．More than 120 men took part in the study.

C．Health counseling helps lose almost 6 kilograms.

D．Wearing a fitness tracker is useful for keeping slim.

4. The purpose of the text is to ________.

A．describe how the researchers were conducting the study

B．indicate regular counseling for weight control is necessary

C．convince readers to wear fitness trackers for weight control

D．warn women are more likely to suffer from weight problems