1 . How does a person become an Olympic champion? In reality, a combination of biological, environmental, and psychological elements, as well as training and practice, all go into making a super athlete.
Perhaps the most important element involved in becoming an outstanding athlete is genetic. Most Olympic competitors are equipped with certain physical characteristics that make them different from the average person. Olympic weightlifters, for example, have a large number of fast- twitch fibers (快速收缩肌肉纤维) in their muscles. These allow them to lift hundreds of kilos from the ground and over their heads in seconds. Surprisingly, a large, muscular body is not the main requirement to do well in this sport. It is more important to have a large number of fast-twitch fibers in the muscles.
The legs of an outstanding marathon runner, on the other hand, might contain up to 90 percent slow-twitch muscle fibers. When we exercise long or hard, it’s common to experience tiredness, muscle pain, and difficulty breathing. These feelings are caused when the muscles produce high amounts of a substance called lactate and can’t remove it quickly enough. Athletes with many slow-twitch muscle fibers seem to be able to clear the lactate from their muscles faster as they move.
Some athletes’ abilities are naturally enhanced by their environment. Those raised at high altitudes (海拔高地) in countries such as Kenya have blood rich in hemoglobin (血红素). Large amounts of hemoglobin carry oxygen around the body faster, enabling these athletes to run better. Although genes, environment, and even culture play a part in becoming an outstanding athlete, training and practice are needed to succeed. Marathon runners may be able to control tiredness and keep moving for long periods of time, but they must train to reach their goals. Weightlifters and gymnasts perfect their skills by repeating the same motions again and again until they become automatic. Greg Louganis, winner of four Olympic diving gold medals, says divers must train the same way to be successful: “You have less than three seconds from takeoff until you hit the water, so it has to be reflex (对刺激的本能反应). You have to repeat the dives hundreds, maybe thousands, of times.” Training this way requires an athlete to be not only physically fit but psychologically healthy as well. Otherwise, they couldn’t handle the training loads.
1. Having a lot of slow-twitch muscle fibers is particularly important for ________.A.long-distance cyclists | B.gymnasts |
C.table-tennis players | D.weightlifters |
A.strength | B.pain | C.excitement | D.dizziness |
A.Athletes cannot perform well unless they are under pressure. |
B.A professional athlete should think carefully about each movement. |
C.It’s important to practice and train hard, but not take things too seriously. |
D.It’s important to joke with your teammates before you perform any sport. |
A.The size of a super athlete. |
B.Ways to qualify for the Olympics. |
C.Different muscle types of a super athlete. |
D.Factors that make someone a super athlete. |
2 . Barbara, 70, and me, at 71, have swum together for at least 50 years. We swim in a quiet cove (小海湾). It’s home to seagulls, a duck or two, and kayaks (独木舟) on occasion. The difficult summer drought of 2021 brought a burning sun that warmed the water. As the drought eased and the water cooled in late August, we decided to keep swimming. We have both read Bonnie Tsui’s Why We Swim, a fine book about cold-water swimming. We challenged ourselves to swim for as long as possible through September and into October.
I have long loved swimming, though the fear of being seen as fat has dogged me. I am one of those female bodies poorly displayed in bathing suits. Cold-water swimming deepened my sense of well-being and let me use my body. It became a ritual Barbara and I embraced as swimming sisters. When she returned to the United States immediately after our Canadian Thanksgiving, I did not know how I could continue our cold-water tradition. I wasn’t prepared to freeze alone.
But, I had to swim; there were larger commitments I should stick to. In the summer, we planned to cross from the cove to an island across the lake. I had to stay fit. We also planned to host a cold-water swimming race for locals in the fall. We would make it an annual event, improving our strength and endurance (耐力) so that, in our 80s, we might swim through October and into November.
With these plans in mind, I joined my local city pool. I had not been in a public pool for about 30 years. But my body said swim, my brain said swim and my heart, could not let go. So I went anyway.
I am swimming. I am alive to my love of the water, alive to my promise for the spring and the summer that will come. I intend to step back into the lake in May, and through September and October with Barbara. We are perfectly matched in our devotion, and increasingly aware of the miracle of being able-bodied enough to share the cold-water wonder side by side.
1. Why was the book Why We Swim mentioned in the first paragraph?A.It guided the author to learn to swim. |
B.It analyzes the advantages of swimming. |
C.It is the author’s favorite book about swimming. |
D.It partly contributed to the author and Barbara’s common interest. |
A.Promises . | B.Preparations . | C.Requirements . | D.Opportunities . |
A.She went to a gym to improve her strength. |
B.She became a member of the local public pool. |
C.She swam across the lake to the island on her own. |
D.She participated in a local cold-water swimming race. |
A.To describe her friendship with Barbara. |
B.To express her passion for cold-water swimming. |
C.To recommend people to go swimming to keep fit. |
D.To explain how she overcame her fear of swimming in public places. |
1. 运动的好处;
2. 你喜欢的运动;
3. 你喜欢该运动的理由。
注意:
1. 词数100左右:
2. 可以适当增加细节, 使行文连贯。
Life lies in movement
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4 . Standing in front of the bike shop, Dave stared at the shiny red bicycle in the window. He could
He rode on and stopped at Peck’s clothing store. The coat he planned to buy his mother for her birthday was still on sale. Dave knew she would
Dave looked at his old bike. Two years ago, he found some old bicycles at the
As Dave passed the junkyard, he noticed a newer-looking bike tire. He started
Arriving home, Dave put the used tires and the handgrips on his
The next morning, when Dave and his mom got to the park, about thirty kids had already
Bang! The riders rushed off. Dave
As the announcer awarded Dave the medal and the check for fifty dollars, he asked, “What are you going to do with the prize money, Dave?”
“It’s a
A.picture | B.spot | C.keep | D.prefer |
A.desperately | B.definitely | C.seldom | D.never |
A.criteria | B.ends | C.budgets | D.expenses |
A.junkyard | B.port | C.school | D.court |
A.enter | B.lose | C.win | D.abandon |
A.throwing away | B.going through | C.carrying out | D.bringing back |
A.advanced | B.unique | C.right | D.fancy |
A.hired | B.used | C.purchased | D.recycled |
A.contributions | B.discoveries | C.profits | D.changes |
A.rode | B.separated | C.gathered | D.recovered |
A.while | B.but | C.so | D.or |
A.held back | B.concentrated on | C.gave in to | D.broke away from |
A.succeeded | B.arranged | C.offered | D.managed |
A.Eventually | B.Causally | C.Roughly | D.Naturally |
A.reward | B.credit | C.surprise | D.promise |
5 . All over the world people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.
Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when “their” player or team wins.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example, has spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! And think of people in cold countries. Think how many people love to skate or ski in Norway or Canada.
Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Waterskiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other. But after a game together they may become good friends. Sports help to train a person’s character. One learns to fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace.
1. Why do people all over the world enjoy sports?A.Because they keep people healthy. | B.Because they keep people happy. |
C.Because sports help to keep them to live longer. | D.All of the above. |
A.Because their favourite team wins. | B.Because they win the game. |
C.Because they get the good news. | D.Because they can’t help themselves. |
A.Waterskiing. | B.Basketball. | C.Sailing. | D.Jumping. |
A.气馁 | B.失望 | C.开心 | D.风度 |
6 . The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular (心血管的)fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak (最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
1. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?A.Positive effects of doing exercises. |
B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. |
C.Experimental studies on diseases. |
D.Advantages of sporty woman over man |
A.To predict their maximum heart rate. |
B.To assess their cardiovascular capacity |
C.To change their habits of working out |
D.To detect their potential health problems |
A.It aimed to find a cure for dementia. |
B.Data collection was a lengthy process. |
C.Some participants withdrew from it. |
D.The results were far from satisfactory. |
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia |
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise |
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia |
D.Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness |
A little exercise is better than none
Exercise is good for us. It reduces the risk of dying from all causes, including cancer and heart disease. This is according to the World Health Organisation. But many people who work on weekdays have little time for exercise.
So, they might try to do something to increase their heart rates over the weekend go for a long run, take a bike ride, hike in the mountains or do a strenuous chore around the house, such as raking leaves , shoveling snow or digging a garden.
We sometimes call people who exercise only on Saturdays and Sundays “weekend warriors (战士)”. But is it healthy to avoid exercise during the workweek and then try to fit it all in during the weekend?
A new study suggests that, yes, it is healthy: Even weekend warriors may reduce their risk of cancer and cardiovascular (心血管的) disease.
Australian researchers at the University of Sydney conducted the study. It took place over a nine-year period.
During that time, the researchers looked at the self-reported exercise habits and health examinations of more than 63,000 adults in England and Scotland. Then they connected that information to mortality—or, death—records.
The researchers found that people who exercised only one or two days a week improved their chances of living longer than people who did not exercise at all. Even those who are very overweight—or, obese—could extend their lives by exercising a couple of days per week. Exercises included playing sports and taking a brisk walk.
First, let’s look at cancer. When compared to those who did not exercise at all , weekend warriors had an 18 percent lower risk of dying from cancer.
As for cardiovascular disease, weekend warriors had a 40 percent lower risk of cardiovascular disease than inactive people, or so-called “couch potatoes”. Couch potatoes are people who don’t exercise. They simply sit all day like potatoes.
In other words, their health improves even if they don’t meet the suggested weekly amount of physical activity. However, to be in the best health, Stamatakis says, more exercise is better.
The WHO suggests that the average adult get at least 150 minutes of moderate (中等的) to intense activity per week. For the best results, the organisation suggests 75 minutes per week of vigorous (高强度的) physical activity.
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8 . Races
Virtual(虚拟的)races-but the running is real! Here are some of the best online races.
RAINBOWS VIRTUAL 5K
This is a fun run designed to be completed in any way that is proper for you-whether you run or walk in the garden,dance and walk fast along with your dog. All the organisers ask is that you complete 5K—in one go or over several days of your choice.
£20,rainbows.co,uk/events/rainbows-virtual-5k
MILTON KEYNES MARATHON WEEKEND VIRTUAL 5K
Part of the yearly September Milton Keynes running festival, this year you can complete the 5Kvirtually. Complete it in your own time—in the garden or on an exercise machine if need be. You can also complete it in smaller runs.
From £18,mkmarathon. com/virtual-race
10K GARDEN CHALLENGE
A virtual race you can complete in your garden or at a local open space or park. Put on your shoes and complete 10K as speedily as you can. The event helps raise money for mental(精神的)health,with 15% of the entry fee being given to Bath Mind.By the way,the medal(奖牌)is environment-friendly.
£15,womensrunning.co. uk/ neus/ keep-motivated-with-our-womens-runing-virtual-challenges
ROCK 'N' ROLL VIRTUAL
Sign up with the virtual running club and compete in weekly events alongside runners from around the world. Challenges include running an 8K and 15K in one weekend or running a l5Kwithin a 30-hour time window. Running challenges are all free to enter, but you can buy merchandise(商品)and medals if you want to add to your wall.
Free to join,buy your medals from £20,runrocknrollvr.com
1. If Mary wants to run just for fun,she will most likely visit________.A.womensrunning.co.uk/news /keep-motivated-with-our-womens-running-virtual-challenges |
B.rainbows.co.uk/events/rainbows-virtual-5k |
C.mkmarathon.com/virtual-race |
D.runrocknrollvr.com |
A.10K GARDEN CHALLENGE. |
B.RAINBOWS VIRTUAL 5K. |
C.ROCK ' N' ROLL VIRTUAL. |
D.MILTON KEYNES MARATHON WEEKEND VIRTUAL 5K. |
A.It is held once a year. |
B.It welcomes local runners only. |
C.It offers different choices to people. |
D.It requires people to pay the entry fee. |
1. 1000多名师生参加;
2. 徒步路线:从校门口到高新区体育馆;
3.时间:8:30校门口集合,10点到达;
4. 活动反响和感受。
注意:1. 写作字数应为100左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:路线 route 参与者 participants 高新区体育馆 High-tech Zone Gymnasium
A Jogging Activity
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This summer has been full of unforgettable
Known as “Chinese flying man”, Su has been working hard
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