1 . Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital services, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six publishers, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of e-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing e-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed books, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles away, book files can be downloaded at home. The files disappear from the device when they are due.
E-lending is not simple, however. There are various incompatible e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides e-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive’s global market dominance, as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon the world’s biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon’s Kindle e-reader who want to borrow e-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon’s website.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are a perfect market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon introduced is Kindle Owners’ Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month. But a recent Pew survey found that more than half of Americans with library cards say they prefer to buy their e-books It also noted that e-books actually are available at most libraries, and that popular titles often involve long waiting lists, which may inspire people to buy.
So publishers keep adjusting their lending arrangements in search of the right balance. Random House raised its licensing price earlier this year, and Harper Collins limits libraries to lending its titles 26 times. The story of the library e-book is a nail-biter.
1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that ______.| A．several big publishers have sold e-books to libraries |
| B．both libraries and publishers caution the e-book piracy |
| C．some publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries |
| D．libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers |
| A．The risk of e-book piracy. |
| B．The possible decline of book sales. |
| C．No time limit for the downloaded book files. |
| D．The availability of the incompatible e-book formats. |
| A．Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers |
| B．OverDrive distributes e-books and audio files to publishers |
| C．over half of Americans are borrowing e-books from libraries |
| D．the fees of lending e-books are under the control of publishers |
2 . A good modern newspapers is an extraordinary piece of reading. It’s extraordinary first for what it contains: the news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the news of comment and special features (特征) as well, from editorial page to feature article and interviews to criticism (批评) of books, art, theatre and music.
A newspaper is even more extraordinary for the way one reads it; never completely, never straight through but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, looking at one piece quickly, reading another articles all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also much of what appeals in a newspaper has no more than value that just last for a short time. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper; what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and order, his own newspaper.
For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently(高效地), which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you change apply the techniques of reading.
1. What may a modern newspaper cover according to the passage?| A．Argument between parents. | B．Differences between teachers |
| C．Differences among students. | D．Violence against children |
| A．Current events. | B．Local people. |
| C．Immediate actions . | D．Lasting value. |
| A．They normally read different newspapers. |
| B．They usually choose what interest them. |
| C．They often apply the techniques of reading. |
| D．They never read the same newspaper. |
| A．What makes a good modern newspaper extraordinary? |
| B．Why reading newspapers needs skill and self –awareness? |
| C．How we can different kinds of newspapers efficiently? |
| D．How we can get what we want without missing things? |
3 . Magazine sales have generally been falling since the day the inventor of the Internet said, “Hey, why don’t I invent the Internet?”
But the latest ABC figures, released this week, show that sales of certain titles are actually going up. News and current affairs magazines are becoming more popular—but celebrity (名人), gossip and fashion publications are still struggling．
“Gossip and celebrity news is rarely something that requires detailed analysis—so it’s best suited to bite-sized content on social media,” says Ian Burrell, media columnist for The Drum. “Once it’s out there, it’s quickly shared and readers move on to the next star. No one wants to wait a week to read about it in a print magazine.”
Fraser Nelson, editor of The Spectator, wrote this week: “There’s now too much writing online, and in an era of fake news, where you get your analysis from has never been more important. As newspapers and magazines are finding out, if you can publish writing that is consistently better than what can be found online, people will pay.”
But many editors are struggling to strike the right balance between physical and digital content. They are faced with the choice of either posting all their articles online for free so the magazine stays relevant, or charging readers money to protect the financial future of the brand.
As Burrell points out, most readers are hungry for a deeper understanding of the fast-moving changes in global news and politics rather than seeking to escape from it by burying their heads in celebrity gossip and entertainment stories．
Serious times call for serious journalism. While general-interest daily news has been turned into an almost universally available commodity (商品) by the Internet, specialist journalism is still a service people value and think they can’t get elsewhere．
1. What does Ian Burrell think of celebrity news?| A．It should be read carefully. | B．It should appear on magazines. |
| C．It isn’t worth reading. | D．It isn’t worth analyzing． |
| A．The value of newspapers and magazines. |
| B．The significance of current affairs． |
| C．The importance of news sources. |
| D．The balance between physical and digital content. |
| A．Most readers are fond of rapid changes． |
| B．Most readers tend to escape from reality． |
| C．Most readers like entertainment news best． |
| D．Most readers show great interest in global news and politics． |
| A．What Makes Some Magazines Disappear |
| B．Where Magazines Will Go in the Future |
| C．How Magazines Are Surviving the Digital Age |
| D．Why People Are Still Reading Fashion Publications |
4 . For more than a century, student journalists at the Daily Tar Heel (DTH) have written about life at UNC-Chapel Hill, US and raised questions on the issues of free expression, education, and big-time athletics.
The independent student newspaper recently celebrated its 125th anniversary(周年). To mark the special day, student reporters asked the question: What’s the future of the DTH? The proud newspaper has been searching for the answer, and so have college newspapers across the US.
Student newspapers are facing a dark reality. As they are free to read, they are making less money than ever, meaning that such newspapers are finding it hard to survive.
Most college papers have reduced their print editions (版本). Last year, the DTH printed a paper four days a week. This year, it prints a paper every three days. And while it used to produce around 22,000 newspapers each time, it only makes around 10,000 now, said Erica Perel, general manager.
Increasingly, student journalists have turned their focus to digital versions of their newspapers, and the new ways that social media allows them to tell stories. They’ve adapted (使适应) their skills to mirror what’s going on in the professional journalism world.
“I think we’re adapting very well … in moving away from that print mentality (心态). But it’s challenging,” said Jonathan Carter, a student at North Carolina State University.
So what should student newspapers do? LoMonte said the best solution would be for universities to financially(经济上) support student journalism.
University leaders like to talk about producing civically (公民地) responsible students, he said, and journalism is a part of that. “Colleges and universities have to recognize independent media coverage as a civic good and step up to the plate,” he said.
In the meantime, campus newspapers are figuring out their financial models as they go along.
Bruce dePyssler, adviser to North Carolina Central Universit’s Campus Echo newspaper, said his students post one story a day online. The best stories are put together for a once-a-semester(学期) print edition.
And even if student journalists don’t go into media jobs, Perel said, they’ve still had a great education.
“The number one thing that we teach is critical(批判性) thinking and how to be a lifelong learner,” she said. “ The ones who are living through this transition (过渡) are the ones that are going to be a lot stronger for it in the end.”
1. What can be read about at the Daily Tar Heel (DTH)?| A．Some famous sports facilities. | B．Articleon the reporters of the paper |
| C．Columns about the free subjects. | D．Students’ college life. |
| A．Poor printing quality. | B．The impact of digital media. |
| C．Expensive advertising fees. | D．A lack of student reporters. |
| A．Reduce print editions. | B．Ask colleges for money. |
| C．Publish more digital editions. | D．Create their own financial models. |
| A．They become good at storytelling. | B．They gain problem-solving skills. |
| C．They become a logical thinker. | D．They learn how to be a lifelong learner. |
| A．The proud history of the Daily Tar Heel. |
| B．Student reporters adapting to changing situations. |
| C．School newspapers under threat in the digital age in the US |
| D．An example of how to combine traditional newspapers with new media. |
5 . Like a tired marriage, the relationship between libraries and publishers has long been dull. E-books, however, are causing heartache. Libraries know they need digital wares, but many publishers are too cautious about piracy(盗版)and lost sales to co-operate. Among the big six, only Random House and Harper Collins license e-books with most libraries.
Publishers are wise to be nervous. Owners of E-readers are exactly the customers they need: book-lovers with money. If these people switch to borrowing c-books instead of buying them, what then? Electronic borrowing is awfully convenient. Unlike printed hooks, which must be checked out and returned to a physical library miles from where you live, book files can be downloaded at home. The tiles disappear from the device when they are due.
E-lending is not simple, however. There are lots of different and often incompatible(不兼容的)e-book formats, devices and licenses. Most libraries use a company called OverDrive, which secures rights from publishers and provides E-books and audio files in every format. Yet publishers and libraries are worried by OverDrive's global market dominance, as the company can control fees and conditions. Publishers were annoyed when OverDrive cooperated with Amazon, the world's biggest online bookseller, last year. Owners of Amazon's Kindle E-reader who want to borrow E-books from libraries are now redirected to Amazon's website, where they must use their Amazon accounts to secure a loan.
According to Pew, an opinion researcher, library users are perfect for market for Amazon. Late last year Amazon Introduced its Kindle Owners' Lending Library, which lets its best customers borrow free one of thousands of popular books each month.
Library supporters argue that book borrowers are also book buyers and that libraries are vital spaces for readers to discover new work. Many were cheered by a recent Pew survey, which found that more than half of Americans with library-cards say they prefer to buy their e-books.
1. It can be inferred from paragraph I that .| A．libraries and publishers face the same problem of e-books' piracy |
| B．libraries are eager to keep strong relationship with publishers |
| C．most publishers are hesitant to cooperate with libraries |
| D．several big publishers have sold E-books to libraries |
| A．Book sales may drop sharply because of convenient electronic borrowing. |
| B．There are lots of different and incompatible E-book formats available. |
| C．There is no time limit for the book files downloaded on the device. |
| D．E-books must be checked out and returned to libraries regularly. |
| A．It has the privilege to offer readers various brands of E-readers. |
| B．It distributes E-books and audio files to publishers. |
| C．Its market control threatens publishers and libraries. |
| D．It devotes itself to improving conditions of e-book market. |
| A．E-books can be lent at libraries as many times as you like |
| B．OverDrive distributes E-books and audio files to publishers |
| C．over half of Americans are borrowing E-books from libraries |
| D．Amazon is adopting measures to win more customers |
| A．The Hopeful Future of Publishing Business |
| B．Libraries and E-books |
| C．The Dull Relationship between Libraries and Publishers |
| D．The Close Cooperation between OverDrive and Amazon |
6 . On March 28th, The New York Times will begin charging all but the most infrequent users to read articles online.
In a letter to readers, Arthur Sulzberger, Jr., the publisher of the paper, laid out the details of the paywall, which he said will go into effect immediately in Canada and on March 28th for the rest of the world. He called the move “an important step that we hope you will see as an investment in The New York Times, one that will strengthen our ability to provide high-quality journalism to readers around the world and on any platform.”
Sulzberger said that readers will be able to read 20 articles per month at no charge. Once they click on the 21st piece, however, they’ll be presented with three payment options: $15 for four weeks of online and mobile application access, $20 for access to the site and the iPad application, or $35 for access to everything. People who already receive the printed paper through home delivery will enjoy free and unlimited access to The New York Times on all platforms.
These details largely agree with earlier reports on how the paywall would work. The New York Times had made it clear that it did not want to imitate the total paywalls put into effect by papers such as The Times of London and Newsday, which block access to all contents unless the reader pays.
The paper also signaled that it wants to stay relevant in the social media world. According to Sulzberger’s announcement, people who come to The New York Times site from Facebook, Twitter or from blogs will be able to read those articles even if they have gone over their monthly limit.
However, Sulzberger said that a limit will be placed on “some search engines”, meaning that after readers have accessed a certain number of articles from search engines, any further articles they access from there will be added to their monthly count. It was reported that the only search engine that will be affected this way is Google, where there will be a five-article limit. This marks a clear attempt by The New York Times to close what could be a giant loophole ( 漏 洞 ), since so much online traffic is directed through Google. But it also presents a risk for the paper for the same reason.
Sulzberger seems well aware of the risk. “The challenge now is to put a price on our work without walling ourselves off from the global network,” he said, adding that The New York Times must “continue to engage with the widest possible audience.”
1. The author’s main purpose in the text is to______ .| A．describe research findings | B．make advertisements |
| C．report a piece of news | D．suggest a solution |
| A．It is the only way to offer better service to its readers. |
| B．It wants to stay relevant in the social media world. |
| C．It has too many readers coming from the other sites. |
| D．It is seeking new financial sources for its development. |
| A．Those subscribing to the printed newspapers. |
| B．Readers clicking through from Facebook. |
| C．Those using Google research engine. |
| D．Readers paying $35 a month. |
| A．It may bring The New York Times more competition with the other media. |
| B．It may lead to a giant loophole online for The New York Times. |
| C．It may result in huge drops in papers’ online readership. |
| D．It may block the readers from the other websites. |
7 . The newspaper must provide for the reader the facts, pure, unprejudiced, objectively selected facts. But in these days of complex news it must provide more: it must supply interpretation, the meaning of the facts. This is a very important assignment facing American journalists - to make clear to the reader the problems of the day, to make international news understandable as community news, to recognize that there is no longer any such thing as "local" news, because any event in the international area has a local reaction in the financial market, political circles, in terms, indeed, of our very way of life. There is in journalism a widespread view that when you start an interpretation, you are entering dangerous waters, the rushing tides of opinion. This is nonsense.
The opponents of interpretation insist that the writer and the editor shall limit themselves to the "facts". This insistence raises two questions: What are the facts? Are the bare facts enough?
As for the first question, consider how a so-called "factual" story comes about. The reporter collects, say, fifty facts; out of these fifty, his space being necessarily restricted, he selects the ten which he considers most important. This is Judgment Number One. Then he or his editor decides which of these ten facts shall make up the beginning of the article, which is an important decision because many readers do not proceed beyond the first paragraph. This is Judgment Number Two. Then the night editor determines whether the article shall be presented on page one, where it has a large influence, or on page twenty four, where it has little. Judgment Number Three.
Thus in the presentation of a so-called "factual" or"objective" story, at least three judgments are involved. And they are judgments not at all unlike those involved in interpretation, in which reporters and editors, calling upon their research resources, their general background, and heir "news neutralism", arrive at a conclusion as to the significance of the news.
The two areas of judgment, presentation of the news and its interpretation, are both objective and subjective processes. If an editor is determined to give a prejudiced view of the news, he can do it in other ways and more effectively than by interpretation. He can do it by the selection of those facts that support his particular viewpoint. Or he can do it by the place he gives a story - promoting it to page one or dragging it to page thirty.
1. According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements is TRUE?| A．If a reporter makes clear the facts he writes, he will no doubt get into trouble. |
| B．Journalists must select facts objectively to make current events clear to the readers. |
| C．The most important task of reporters is to provide unprejudiced facts for the readers. |
| D．For reporters, interpretation of facts is no less important than presentation of the facts. |
| A．it will influence the reader to continue |
| B．many readers read only the first paragraph |
| C．it details the general attitude of the writer |
| D．it's the best way to write according to the schools of journalism |
| A．the editor's prejudice |
| B．the reporter's background |
| C．the story's factual matter |
| D．the story's effect on the readers |
| A．Objectiveness is controlled by editors rather than writers. |
| B．Properly choosing facts prepares a solid ground for objectiveness. |
| C．He doesn't think there exists complete objectiveness in news writing. |
| D．To make clear the news is a way to be objective and responsible for the readers. |
8 . Cambridge Dictionary has named 'up cycling' as its Word of the Year 2019.
Upcycling was chosen as the 'Word of the Day' which resonated （共鸣）most strongly with followers on the Dictionary's Instagram account. The noun— explained as the activity of making new furniture, objects, etc. out of old or used things or waste material — received more likes than any other 'Word of the Day' when shared on 4 July 2019. The number of times upcycling has been looked up on the Cambridge Dictionary website has risen by 181% since December of 2011, when it was first added to the online dictionary, and searches have doubled in the last year alone.
"We think it's the positive idea behind upcycling that appeals more than the word itself," said Wendalyn Nichols, Publishing Manager of the Cambridge Dictionary. "Stopping the progress of climate change, let alone turning it around, can seem impossible at times. Upcycling is a specific action a single human being can take to make a difference. " "Lookups of upcycling reflect the trend around individual actions to combat climate change—the youth activism started by Greta Thunberg； the growing trends of vegan and plant-based diets； reading and following the handbook There is No Planet B ； or fashion designers upcycling clothes to create their latest collections."
Other words on the shortlist for Word of the Year 2019 reflect the same concern with the effects of climate change, such as carbon sink （碳汇）and compostable （可降解的）.
The Cambridge Dictionary editors use data from the website, blogs, and social media to identify and rank new additions to the Dictionary. They recognized upcycling as a word to include after noticing a sharp rise in searches for the word in 2010. Cambridge University Press has been publishing dictionaries for learners of English since 1995. Cambridge Dictionary began offering these dictionaries completely free of charge online in 1999.
1. What does the word "upcycling" refer to?| A．The activity of reusing old things or waste material. |
| B．The activity of making new items out of old or used things. |
| C．The activity of preventing the global climate change. |
| D．The activity of collecting old or used things from individuals. |
| A．Upcycling is about some measures to change the climate. |
| B．Lookups of upcycling is the trend to change the climate. |
| C．Upcycling tells people how to protect environment. |
| D．Upcycling and searches for the word show a positive idea or trend. |
| A．Fight against. | B．Follow. |
| C．Observe. | D．Increase. |
| A．It is free of charge for learners of English since 1995. |
| B．It chose more than one word as its Word of the Year 2019. |
| C．Upcycling was added to it as a new word after 2010. |
| D．It means to include all the words related to environment. |
9 . Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.
We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviews who wore (展示) their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling（使命）, and were proud to be published in the daily press. 'So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,' Newman wrote “that I am tempted to define” journalism “as a term of contempt（轻蔑） applied by writers who are not read to writers who are”.
Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.
Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly polished Vicwardian（维多利亚和爱德华时代） prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.
1. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that| A．arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers. |
| B．English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews. |
| C．high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers. |
| D．young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies. |
| A．free themes. | B．casual style. |
| C．elaborate layout. | D．radical viewpoints |
| A．It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals. |
| B．It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. |
| C．Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism. |
| D．Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing. |
| A．His music criticism may not appeal to readers today. |
| B．His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute. |
| C．His style caters largely to modern specialists. |
| D．His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition. |
10 . Tribute can go to anything
Since 1927, Time has chosen to profile a person or group and feature them on its front page.
“The Computer”, 1982
At the start of the 1980s, home computing was just starting to take off, with companies like Sinclair and Apple releasing consumer-focused machines to the masses.
“This sweetheart here, this little baby, looks like any ordinary machine, isn’t that so?
“You”, 2006
In the age when sites like YouTube and Facebook were in their new and had not developed very much, Time named those who created and uploaded “user-generated content” onto such websites as its choice of the year.
“Endangered Earth”, 1989
During a period of heightened awareness of global warming and climate change,
| A．This created chaos |
| B．A mess of screws and buttons, a whole heap of plastic. |
| C．While the PCs of the early ’80s were primitive compared to today’s |
| D．The decision drew mainly confused and negative feedback from the public and media |
| E．Time featured Earth as its “Planet of the Year”. |
| F．Other than people, objects have made it to front page too. |
| G．But it’s not always people that make the front cover. |
