1 . Mass communication is a very broad field which includes advertising, mass promotion, political campaigns, public relations, mass education and even the way you interact with other people. It covers just about everything you do in your daily life. Some characteristics of mass communication are: communication, information overload, group effort and feedback. There are some more that are less often mentioned but are just as important as the ones that have been listed above.

The most basic feature of communication is interaction. Interaction takes the form of communication where you can interpret what someone is trying to say. For example, when a person says “How are you?” and you respond in a loud voice or in a concerned manner, it’s considered interaction.

Another characteristic of mass communication that you’ll come across is a large number of receivers. When communicating with a group of people, it is important to keep in mind that each receiver will bring different characteristics to the table when communicating. Different receivers will take up different topics and bring a different set of characteristics to the table. In some cases, you will need to communicate with many different types of receiver in order for your communication ideas to be fully expressed and taken into full effect. You should therefore consider the characteristics of your receivers when planning your communication strategies.

New media is also impacting communication. Each type of new medium has diverse different ways in which it can deliver messages. You can make use of several types of communication in many cases and reach a wide range of target audiences. For example, you can use the Internet in order to communicate with your audience. As a result, the amount of information also in turn becomes too much for the human mind to process in a timely and effective manner. This overload is not only unsound, but it also tends to make people impatient, which finally takes the form of arguments and other types of exchanges that are based on facts, assumptions or personal experiences. However, although you may have to deal with some constraints, the Internet is still a very powerful tool that should not be ignored.

1. What role does the example given by the author in the second paragraph play?

A．Explain the importance of politeness.

B．Explain the concept of interaction.

C．Explain the characteristics of communication.

D．Explain what body language is.

2. Why should we consider different receivers when planning communication?

A．Because communicators have many different characteristics on the dinner table.

B．So that your ideas can be accurately expressed and play a role.

C．In order to better improve your communication strategy.

D．Because the receivers have different views on different topics.

3. Why does communication often take the form of argument?

A．Because there are too many types of communication.

B．Because people have different experiences.

C．Because the new media is not perfect.

D．Because overloaded information is boring.

4. What is the author’s attitude towards mass communication?

A．Uncaring.	B．Indifferent.
C．Objective.	D．Subjective.

2 . A book called Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations has been published in the United States since the 1850s. It started with John Bartlett, the owner of a bookstore near Boston, Massachusetts. He selected words, or quotations, from famous people, including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Paine and John Keats for the book.

Geoffrey O’Brien is the current editor of the 170-year-old book. He said it is hard to keep up with so many quotations because of “the speed of events” in modern times. “No matter when we went to press, we would be cutting off in the middle of the story,” he said.

The 19th edition of Bartlett’s just came out. It is the first publication since 2012 and the second under O’Brien. “With the Internet and cable news, you have the constant manufacturing of statements of one kind or another,” O’Brien said. So, he tried to choose quotations that have staying power beyond current news events.

In the early days, the book was mostly made up of quotations from white men. But recently, the book includes words from the singer Beyoncé and the track and field athlete Usain Bolt. It even has thoughts from other languages such as Russian and Navajo, a Native American language.

With so many new quotes, some older ones had to be removed. O’Brien said he was sad to drop comments by John Dryden, one of his favorite poets.

O’Brien also needs to keep the book to about 1,400 pages. So, once very well-known American comedians like Bob Hope and Johnny Carson are not in the latest book. Also gone are quotes from former U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle and actor Sally Field.

O’Brien said the goal of the book is to be “representative” but not like an encyclopedia (百科全书). Not everyone can get in. He said he was sad to not be able to include a comment from U.S. civil rights activist and politician John Lewis, who died in 2020.

1. What is the main challenge the editor faces?

A．Whether to keep pace with times.	B．What to take into the book.
C．How to deal with new statements.	D．How to remove the quotes.

2. How did O’Brien tackle the challenge?

A．He included more languages.	B．He reset the goal of the book.
C．He kept the pages of the book.	D．He used power-lasting quotes.

3. What can we learn about the book?

A．It has evolved as time changes.	B．Famous stories are selected for it.
C．The 19th edition is the second publication.	D．Only quotes from white men were included.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Content of a Famous Book	B．Development of a Quotation Book
C．Editors Try to Publish More Books	D．Quotation Book Struggles to Keep up

3 . The Power of the Press

In modern countries any efforts to restrict the freedom of the press are rightly condemned. However, this freedom can easily be abused.     1     Though we may enjoy reading about the lives of others, it is extremely doubtful whether we would equally enjoy reading about ourselves. Acting on the contention that facts are sacred, reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives. Newspapers exert such tremendous influence that they can not only bring about major changes to the lives of ordinary people but can even overthrow a government.

The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight, dramatically illustrates the power of the press. The family lived in Aberdeen, a small town of 23, 000 inhabitants in South Dakota.       2     They were expecting their sixth child and were faced with even more pressing economic problems. If they had only had one more child, the fact would have passed unnoticed. They would have continued to struggle against economic odds and would have lived in obscurity. But they suddenly became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy, an event which radically changed their lives. The day after the birth of the five children, an aeroplane arrived in Aberdeen bringing sixty reporters and photographers.

The rise to fame was swift.     3     Newspapers and magazines offered the family huge sums for the exclusive rights to publish stories and photographs. Gifts poured in not only from unknown people, but from baby food and soap manufactures who wished to advertise their products. The old farmhouse the family lived in was to be replaced by a new $ 500, 000 home. Reporters kept pressing for interviews so lawyers had to be employed to act as spokesmen for the family at press conferences. While the five babies were still quietly sleeping in oxygen tents in a hospital nursery, their parents were paying the price for fame.     4     They had become the victims of commercialization, for their names had acquired a market value. Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.

A．Television cameras and newspapers carried the news to everyone in the country.

B．Stories about people often attract far more public attention than imagined.

C．It is hard not to read news about the miserable things happening in the world.

D．They were more than happy to make full use of their names.

E．It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives.

F．As the parents had five children, life was an endless struggle against poverty.

4 . Mr Wilson, professor of news media, has recently received many questions from his students and answered them online. Here are some of them:

• What is mass media?

Mass media refers to the sources of information and news that reach a large audience. Besides traditional media, technology has changed and there are many new media introduced to convey information to the masses such as: books and magazines, televisions, Internet videos, films and documentaries.

• What is the importance of mass media?

Different types of mass media provide us with various types of political, religious, economic and social related news and information.

Each media has its significance in some or the other way. For example, a newspaper provides information in rural areas and urban areas as well as a TV which also provides information, news and entertainment shows through a digital medium.

• What is traditional media?

Traditional media is considered as the oldest form of mass media, which transfers culture and tradition from generation to generation. People over some time developed different ways of communicating through local languages and written mediums. There are various forms of traditional media such as folk songs, fairs and festivals.

• Which sector is considered as the root of mass media?

The first modern mass media institution began with the development of the printing press.

• Are there any problems associated with mass media?

As with everything in life, mass media also comes with its own shortcomings. But there are enough experts to make up for that.

1. What has contributed to the popularity of modern media?

A．Communication.	B．Economic change.
C．Traditional culture.	D．New technology.

2. Which is described as a traditional mass medium?

A．A dialogue between father and son.

B．A radio programme broadcasted at night.

C．A folk song popular with youngsters.

D．A piece of big news via Weibo.

3. What is true of media?

A．It offers us all kinds of news.

B．The root of mass media is Internet.

C．The invention of paper is considered as the root of mass media.

D．There are no shortcomings in mass media.

5 .

The Land of the Pharaohs From the Pyramids to the Valley of the Kings-in the April issue of AQUILA children can investigate Egypt’s amazing history and follow the River Nile as it winds south through wilderness and steamy rainforests. AQUILA is unique in the world of children’s publishing: its thoughtful and intelligent topics are so well written and researched you will probably enjoy reading the articles yourself. SPECIAL ISSUE WITH EXTRA PAGES The inventive ancient Egyptians left quite a mark on history. They developed hieroglyphs and an early type of paper, so they’re indirectly responsible for this page you are reading now. You can add to this the first solar calendar, water dams, big ideas about death and the afterlife and a very modern obsession with cats-no wonder they capture our imaginations! PLUS: Pyramid Maths, translating the Rosetta Stone and the rise of the Sun God Aten.

New topics for Summer 2022: May: UNDERSEA EXPLORER Dive into coral reefs and meet their dazzling inhabitants. PLUS: underwater maps, sea monsters and the spaceship cemetery. June: CREATIVE CODING Coding is not only a language for programming software: kid’s brains can form creative connections that help them understand real-life problems and ideas. July/August: LOOK AT LONDON Get your bags packed and ready for our Summer Double issue, we’re on a visit to the UK capital. From the Romans and Boudicca to the swinging 60s there will be oodles of history, science, arts, and of course, fun! √BIG IDEAS for Curious Minds √A Book’s Worth of Reading √Brilliant New Topic Every Month

Subscriptions include: 1 Your Personal Gift Message with the first issue 2 FREE EXTRAS: every month, top-notch topic extension materials are available to download for the most dedicated AQUILAnauts to take their learning a step further! 3 50% OFF back-issues when you subscribe www.AQUILA.co.uk Creative, Funny & Inspiring AQUILA is not like any other children’s publication you have seen, and you will not find it on the newsstand; the editorial is witty and sophisticated, making children feel part of a very special club. Highly recommended reading for bright 8-13-year-olds, every monthly topic brings a well-balanced feast of Science, Arts and General Knowledge into the family home, encouraging children to think beyond the school curriculum and to become self-motivated learners.

1. The poster is designed to _________.

A．advertise the special issue of Ancient Egypt

B．introduce “The Land of the Pharaohs”

C．promote a children’s publication, AQUILA

D．feature summer topics of AQUILA 2022

2. Which issue will you like most if you are interested in marine life?

A．April issue.

B．May issue.

C．June issue.

D．July/August Issue.

3. Which way enables you to get the most issues with the same amount of money?

A．Purchasing the back-issues.

B．Downloading online issues.

C．Subscribing to the double issues.

D．Buying current issues at the newsstand.

6 . This is the digital age, and the advice to managers is clear. If you don’t know what ChatGPT is or dislike the idea of working with a robot, enjoy your retirement. So, as for the present you should get for your manager this festive season, a good choice may be anything made of paper. Undoubtedly, it can serve as a useful reminder of where the digital world’s limitations lie. Several recent studies highlighted the enduring value of this ancient technology in several different aspects.

A study by Vicky Morwitz of Columbia Business School, Yanliu Huang of Drexel University and Zhen Yang of California State University, Fullerton, finds that paper calendars produce different behaviours from digital calendars. Users of old-fashioned calendars made more detailed project plans than those looking at an App, and they were more likely to stick to those plans. Simple dimensions seem to count. The ability to see lots of days at once on a paper calendar matters.

Here is another study from Maferima Touré-Tillery of the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University and Lili Wang of Zhejiang University. In one part of their study, the researchers asked strangers to take a survey. Half the respondents were given a pen and paper to fill out a form; the other half were handed an iPad. When asked for their email address to receive information, those who used paper were much likelier to decide on a positive answer. The researchers believe that people make better decisions on paper because it feels more consequential than a digital screen. Paper-and-pen respondents were more likely than iPad users to think their choices indicated their characters better.

Researchers had other findings. They found shoppers were willing to pay more for reading materials in printed form than those they could only download online. Even the sight of someone handling something can help online sales. Similarly, people browsing(浏览) in a virtual-reality(虚拟现实) shop was more willing to buy a T-shirt if they saw their own virtual hand touch it.

1. How does the author lead in the topic?

A．By telling a story.	B．By giving examples.
C．By raising questions.	D．By describing a situation.

2. Why can paper calendars make users stick to plans better?

A．They are a better reminder.

B．They can show more detailed plans.

C．They provide chances for people to practice writing.

D．They provide a better view of many days’ plans at a time.

3. Which of the following did paper influence based on Paragraph 3?

A．Decision.

B．Sympathy.

C．Efficiency.

D．Responsibility.

4. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Paper posters will greatly promote sales online.

B．E-magazines are thought less valuable than paper ones.

C．Seeing others buy will increase one’s purchasing desire.

D．People prefer items made of paper instead of other materials.

7 . Fake news spreads rapidly, especially on social media. As students progress in their education, they need to be able to distinguish fake news stories from true, fact-checked journalism.     1    

Check the history and reputation of the author and publication

Most fake news sites have just existed for a short time.     2     If it’s sharing a popular article disgracing a politician running for office in 2020, for example, but the website itself is newly-created, it’s likely that the article and site are not trustworthy.

    3    

When a big news event occurs, multiple media organizations will report it. Search for other publications that have posted stories about the news. If no other news outlets are reporting the story, it’s probably a fake.

Be cautious about sensational (耸人听闻的) headlines

Fake news is designed to strike an immediate emotional chord in audiences by using an alarming headline. Often people share such a story based merely on the headline.     4     If a headline seems ridiculous, or simply lacks the ring of truth, search for reliable sources that confirm the accuracy of the story.

Carefully examine photos and other media accompanying the stories

    5     If you see a shocking or particularly engaging photo or video in an article, take a moment to determine whether it is intended only to arouse an emotional reaction in readers. Use a service such as TinEye to find where else it appears. Often, there is an original version that tells a different story.

A．They even haven’t read the article itself.

B．Here’s our advice on how to spot a fake.

C．Compare the news with some other big news.

D．Determine whether other media are reporting the same news.

E．Fake news providers often use eye-catching photos or videos.

F．Photos and videos used in news are usually very beautiful and attractive.

G．You can find out that by entering its address in the Domain Age Checker.

8 . The Guardian

The Guardian, a daily newspaper, sells more in urban areas where it is read more widely by the corporate class, international communities, university students, politicians and government officials. The Guardian targets both local communities and International communities. However, businessmen and politicians are the regular readers of this great newspaper. Besides, the paper is up-in-arms to promote economic and social changes of this growing nation.

The Times

The Times, a daily newspaper published in London, is one of Britain’s oldest and most influential newspapers. Founded by John Walter in 1785 as the Daily Universal Register, it became The Times in 1788, publishing commercial news, politics and notices. The target audience is largely middle class and its readership demographics reveal that more men read the newspaper than women, and that 2.5 million households with children get the daily paper every month.

Metro

Metro, a daily newspaper, gives you all the stories you need to know and all the stories you want to know. The content is written for a young, mobile-savvy metropolitan audience. Metro takes the form of the latest showbiz gossip, the funniest and oddest stories from around the world and the best opinion pieces, without a party political standpoint. You can find what’s trending this very moment here.

The Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news website published in London. Founded in 1896, it is the United Kingdom’s highest-circulated daily newspaper. You can get the latest breaking news, celebrity photos, viral videos, science & tech news, and top stories from MailOnline.

1. Which of the following may NOT be found in The Times in 1788?

A．Fashion.	B．Notice.
C．Politics.	D．Economy.

2. Which newspaper is the most likely to be read by those who always focus on the trend?

A．The Guardian.	B．The Times.
C．Metro.	D．The Daily Mail.

3. What can be inferred according to the passage?

A．The Daily Mail is the most popular both at home and abroad.

B．The Times is referred to as the Daily Universal Register now.

C．Metro reaches for every young, mobile-savvy metropolitan audience.

D．The Guardian has a great effect on the development of economy and society.

9 . Branding events of China Daily

Since its launch in 1981, China Daily has grown to become the nation’s leading English-language newspaper. With a combined print, online and mobile readership of more than 350 million, it serves a vital role in telling the world about China, providing valuable insight into the world’s second-largest economy. A series of branding events are conducted by China Daily to improve public diplomacy (外交) and international communication.

Vision China Lectures

A series of talks are organized by China Daily in which leading political and business figures are invited to speak and interact live with domestic and foreign audiences. The Vision China lectures focus on major issues facing China and the world, explore what China’s story means for the world, and how Chinese wisdom can help the world.

China Watch Think Tank Forum

Elites, including opinion leaders, politicians and businesspersons with expertise (专业知识) on China, discuss topics on developments and the future of China and the world in China Watch Think Tank Forum.

Asia Leadership Roundtable

The China Daily Asia Leadership Roundtable provides a platform for high-level dialogue and communication among leaders and social elites in the fields of politics, business and academia in Asia.

“21st Century Cup” National English Speaking Competition

The competition is the most famous English-speaking competition in China. It is the qualifying round for students who wish to represent China in the International Public Speaking Competition in London.

TESOL China Assembly

Organized by China Daily in partnership with TESOL International Association (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages), the TESOL China Assembly is a high-level international English Language Teaching (ELT) event in China. It aims to promote scholarship and cross-cultural understanding among English educators in China, and to enhance dialogue between China’s ELT professionals with their peers worldwide.

For more details, click here.

1. What’s the main purpose of China Daily?

A．To hold various branding events.

B．To promote interpersonal communication.

C．To combine print, online and mobile readership.

D．To help people around the globe know China better.

2. What do Vision China Lectures and Asia Leadership Roundtable have in common?

A．They involve politicians and businesspersons.

B．They focus on major issues facing China and the world.

C．They provide a platform for public dialogue and communication.

D．They discuss topics on developments and the future of China and the world.

3. Where is the text probably from?

A．A newspaper.	B．A textbook.
C．A website.	D．A magazine.

10 . Readers have never had it so good. But publishers need to adapt better to the digital world.

During the next few weeks publishers will release a great number of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables of bookshops in the run-up to Christmas. It is an impressive display of competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.

More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e-books are becoming popular quickly. Amazon, the biggest e-book retailer( 零售商), has lowered the price of its Kindle — e-readers to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one-fifth of the largest publishers’ sales are of e-books.

For readers, this is excellent. Amazon has successfully shortened distance by bringing a huge range of books to out-of-the-way places, and it is now fighting against time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, huge choice and low prices are helping books hold their own on digital devices. For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Some of the publishers’ functions—packaging books and promoting them to shops—are becoming out of date.

Yet there are still important jobs for publishers.

The music and film industries have started to pack electronic with physical versions of their products—by, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the Internet. Publishers, similarly, should combine e-books with paper books.

They also need to become more efficient. In the digital age it is stupid to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their products from self-published dross( 糟粕), they must get better at choosing books, sharpening ideas and polishing copy. If publishers are to hold readers’ attention, they must tell a better story—and edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.

1. According to the author, what publishers do before Christmas is becoming __________.

A．efficient

B．satisfying

C．meaningless

D．worthwhile

2. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed?

A．By analyzing.	B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing.	D．By listing numbers.

3. What will possibly happen as e-books become more and more popular?

A．Readers will have a wider choice than before.

B．The price of books will become much higher.

C．Traditional publishers will be out of work.

D．Traditional bookstores will completely disappear.

4. What can publishers do to compete with e-books?

A．Spend more time editing a good book.

B．Change work to music and film industry.

C．Get rid of self-published dross completely.

D．Learn from what music and film industry did.

5. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．The Disappearing Ink.

B．The Book and Music Industry.

C．Golden Times for Publishers.

D．The Coming of the Digital Age.