1 . In a recent meeting, the word “culture” came up 27 times in 90 minutes. Business leaders all believe a strong organizational culture is _________ to success, yet culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from a mystery to a (n) _________:

How does culture drive performance? After analyzing 50 major companies, we conclude: _________ we work determines how well we work. The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive motives(动机), while minimizing the negative ones. Some motives tend to _________ performance. That is because people are no longer thinking about work but the disappointment, or the _________, or why they’re bothering to do it. They don’t _________ the quality of the work itself. By contrast, a high-performing _________ always maximizes creating total motivation.

What is culture worth? While it is _________ to measure whether someone is creative, it’s relatively easy to calculate total motivation of an organization. For example, all airline companies share the same terminals and use the same planes, but customer satisfaction _________ widely across airlines. We found that an airline’s culture closely __________ customer satisfaction. __________, great cultures produced better customer outcomes, and in turn generated more profits.

What elements in an organization __________ motivation? By surveying, we found the most sensitive element is whether an organization can allow an employee to __________ with its mission and behavioral code. For example, An executive of Walmart, told us that in monthly meetings he always emphasized how much Walmart had saved for the __________ — rather than how much money Walmart had made.

A great culture is not easy to build. Leaders have to treat culture building as an engineering project, not a __________ one.

1.

A．efficient

B．essential

C．permanent

D．practical

2.

A．science

B．nature

C．tradition

D．instinct

3.

A．how

B．when

C．why

D．whether

4.

A．encourage

B．assess

C．distinguish

D．hurt

5.

A．display

B．reward

C．mystery

D．wisdom

6.

A．care about

B．make sense

C．set aside

D．put up

7.

A．potential

B．technique

C．culture

D．reform

8.

A．vital

B．difficult

C．rough

D．effective

9.

A．functions

B．varies

C．decreases

D．grows

10.

A．resembled

B．justified

C．predicted

D．explored

11.

A．By contrast

B．In the end

C．As usual

D．In other words

12.

A．protest

B．affect

C．lose

D．substitute

13.

A．identify

B．consist

C．tremble

D．interact

14.

A．customers

B．employees

C．engineers

D．spectators

15.

A．common

B．delicate

C．magical

D．precise

2 . You may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world’s most promising "changemakers" seeking to solve urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.

Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact, it is many young people’s ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city, helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .

When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets, attracting rats and disease, they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste. So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆肥)this waste. They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical fertilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years. At first, they were refused, but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.

Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious, practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.

1. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

A．Rubbish Problem	B．Businessmen
C．Social Conditions	D．Changemakers

2. The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"________".

A．the poor people in Dhaka	B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his team	D．the local farmers

3. The author’s attitude towards Ashoka’s program can be described as ________

A．changing

B．forgiving

C．cautious

D．positive

4. It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he________.

A．considers Drayton’s concept	B．gets permission from Ashoka
C．tries to improve social conditions	D．is a young, happy and healthy adult

3 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where is the talk given?

A．At a birthday party.

B．At a routine meeting.

C．At an opening of a club.

2. Why does the speaker give Joan Miller a special welcome?

A．To wish her a happy birthday.

B．To thank her for her coming.

C．To invite her to join the club.

3. What can the participants do after lunch?

A．Chat with each other.

B．Clean the meeting room.

C．Have a birthday party.

4. What can be one of the club’s aims?

A．Expanding members.

B．Donating food.

C．Offering companionship.

4 . Ant Forest, a green initiative by the world’s leading payment and lifestyle platform Alipay, received the “U.N. Champions of the Earth” award, the UN’s highest environmental honor. It was given to Ant Forest for motivating half a billion people to adopt an eco-friendly and greener lifestyle, greatly contributing to ecological protection with the help of digital technology.

Alipay achieved this by inspiring its users to do environmentally-friendly things, such as walking, using public transportation, going paperless in the office and more to earn “green energy points”. These points can then be used to water and grow their own virtual young trees. After the virtual young trees have grown up on line, Ant Forest will plant real trees somewhere in China.

The number of Ant Forest users has reached 350 million, reducing 3 million tons of carbon dioxide. “Such programs are quite attractive to me. I feel satisfied to see a real tree planted just by doing some simple things such as riding bicycles and buying tickets online,” said an interviewee.

This initiative of Ant Forest is in line with the Chinese government’s strategy of a “Green Economy”. The country is taking aggressive actions in expanding its green coverage. Now, its efforts are paying off, with improved biodiversity and a healthier economic growth. Rare animal species have been spotted and forest parks are now popular attractions of tourism.

The planet is at a critical point which could result in natural disasters. It seems clear that unless governments, businesses and people form a focused team, it’s difficult to stop global warming. Fortunately, Ant Forest shows that it is possible to make joint efforts while relying on digital technology. And more initiatives are using technology to contribute to a sustainable future of the planet.

1. What was Ant Forest given the award for?

A．It brings convenience to people’s lives.

B．It is run by the world’s leading payment platform.

C．It technically assists many people to protect ecology.

D．It has made the greatest contribution to global development.

2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．How Alipay makes profits.

B．How Ant Forest is carried out.

C．What a low-carbon life is like.

D．Why Alipay takes up the initiative.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．350 million people have planted real trees.

B．Promoting tourism can help save animals.

C．China keeps a balance between economy and ecology.

D．The expansion of green coverage mainly results from Ant Forest.

4. How does Ant Forest contribute to the sustainable future?

A．By criticizing natural disasters.

B．By stopping the global warming.

C．By providing a platform to make joint efforts.

D．By encouraging people to donate money to plant trees.

5 . What do you do with old stuff? That dress you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and put it away somewhere. So, what to do?

In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop. The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th century. The Salvation Army was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the needy with affordable clothes. This was followed by charities such as the British Red Cross, who also relieved hardship and raised money for the war effort during World War Two. In 1947, Oxfam opened a charity shop in High Street, Oxford, which is the modern form we know today. These days, charily shops are a common sight with around 11,200 shops across the UK, according to the survey conducted by the Charity Retail Association. During business hours the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop clothes, books, electronics, furniture. These items are checked for wear and tear and if found still serviceable, priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price.

For many, this is a win-win situation. To the charity, it means a valuable source of income. To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheaply, items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to assuage consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case to yourself that you are doing good, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill(垃圾堆),” Clare Press, fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the Guardian.

There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. Take a screen print for example. It was bought for 99p and later found to be by English artist Ben Nicholson. It was sold for £ 4, 200. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop—after all, charity begins at home!

1. The text is mainly written to_______.

A．comment on the benefits of charity shops

B．analyze the popularity of the UK charities

C．list the names of the first UK charity shops

D．offer an introduction of UK charity shops

2. What does the underlined word “assuage” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Ease.	B．Add.
C．Mix.	D．Increase.

3. What does the author advise people to do in the last paragraph?

A．Get rid of unwanted items.	B．Start charity from daily life.
C．Be environmentally friendly.	D．Make a difference for the future.

6 . The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. “Customer value” has several definitions. I use the ______ to mean the total lifetime value of a company’s customer base. Companies can increase this value by ______ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. ______ leaders have long understood the importance of concentrating on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and they’ve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. It’s worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to ______ shareholder pressure, or avoid it altogether, because they are founder-led, customer-owned, or not publicly traded.

Companies can ______ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase ______, enterprise software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometimes ______ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also ______ potential customers and encourage disloyalty.

Given the importance of customer value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets (资产), such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings releases so that investors can make ______ judgments about company performance and how it compares with that of industry peers. But most companies ________believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much ______ into the value of a company’s customers.

As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors’ attention to ______ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics (指标). One of the UK’s top energy suppliers E.ON, ______, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. “As a customer-focused company,” E.ON noted, “we see customer value as crucial to our success.”

This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still have a(n) ______ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. ______, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the company’s preferred narrative.

1.

A．item

B．version

C．term

D．definition

2.

A．persuading

B．consulting

C．acquiring

D．inspecting

3.

A．Considerate

B．Visionary

C．Determined

D．Powerful

4.

A．resist

B．relieve

C．intensify

D．maintain

5.

A．raise

B．adopt

C．calculate

D．destroy

6.

A．income

B．experience

C．productivity

D．demand

7.

A．separate

B．substitute

C．forbid

D．combine

8.

A．appeal to

B．rely on

C．put down

D．scare off

9.

A．informed

B．subjective

C．definitive

D．independent

10.

A．fully

B．hardly

C．readily

D．wrongly

11.

A．suspicion

B．extension

C．literacy

D．visibility

12.

A．sacrifice

B．success

C．prejudice

D．expense

13.

A．as a result

B．for example

C．on the contrary

D．in general

14.

A．incomplete

B．depressing

C．convincing

D．vivid

15.

A．Instead

B．Further

C．Otherwise

D．Therefore